Texto e contexto das leis orgânicas dos ensinos industrial, comercial e agrícola: 1942-1946

O trabalho destina-se a caracterizar e a delinear o conteúdo expresso no texto das Leis Orgânicas dos Ensinos Industrial, Comercial e Agricola, respectivamente, Decreto-lei n9 4.073 de 30 de janeiro de 1942, Decreto-lei n9 6.141 de 28 de dezembro de 1943 e Decreto-lei n9 9.613 de 20 de agosto de 1946 e a sua vinculação com o contexto politico-socio-econômico-administrativo-educacional. O estudo e esquematizado em quatro capitulos. Os dois pr1me1ros capitulos seguem a linha de investigaçao historica, sendo focalizadas as evoluções do ensino profi~ sional brasileiro e dos variados aspectos do contexto para posicionar o texto das Leis Orgânicas dos Ensinos Industrial, Comercial e Agricola. Os dois últimos capitulas tem como escopo aflorar a ideologia do texto dessas leis orgânicas, sendo que o terceiro capitulo apresenta a anilise de discurso do texto em evid~ncia, enquanto que o quarto capitulo analisa e interpreta as premissas ideologicas entre o texto das leis organicas e o contexto. Os quatro capItulas visam aos fatos e as ideias formuladas e sedimenta das pelo contexto, através do texto das Leis Orgânicas dos Ensinos Industrial, Comercial e Agricola. A pesquisa evidencia que o texto das Leis Orginicas dos Ensinos Industrial, Comercial e Agricola empreende perfeitamente as funções ideologicas elaboradas pelo gover no para atender i realidade do Estado Novo atraves da sedi mentação da ordem vigente e dos mecanismos de conservaçao e de reprodução sociais, apesar de ser constatada eial alienação is necessidades da efetivação do a parprocesso de industrialização no Pais e da construção de um modelo de sistema educacional adequado ao sistema geral de produçao e de acordo com o progresso social exigido pelo contex to.

Uma análise da construção do Museu de Arte do Espírito Santo e de seus reflexos

Esta pesquisa apresenta alguns dados do processo de construção do Museu de Arte do Espírito Santo- MAES até a sua inauguração e uma análise atual, refletindo sobre o papel do poder público através do estudo de matérias de jornais e entrevistas com alguns atores participantes do processo de discussão e instalação do MAES, e o posicionamento adotado pelo governo ao longo deste período, bem como o da classe artística e da sociedade em geral. Pretendeu-se reconhecer os atores participantes de todo esse processo recorrendo a documentos que explicitassem as relações que existiram nesse período entre os poderes públicos, os interesses da classe artística e da coletividade que fez e faz uso da Instituição. Ao final, mostra-se como esses discursos influenciam o museu até os dias de hoje. Para tal, inscrevemos nossa discussão sobre o MAES no âmbito de uma reflexão mais geral sobre os museus na atualidade.

Atribuição de causalidade em presos, amputados e cegos: aceitação e luta contra o infortúnio

Os objetivos deste trabalho compreendem a determinação: (a) dos processos de atribuição de causalidade e responsabilidade empregados, por sujeitos presos, cegos e amputados, na explicação dos eventos que os vitimaram; (b) da relação entre os processos de atribuição de causalidade e as respostas de combate a situação; (c) da eficácia das teorias de busca de controle, mundo justo e atribuição defensiva na explicação dos eventos por parte dos sujeitos: (d) da influência do sentimento de auto-estima, crença no mundo justo, “locus" de controle e sentimento de religiosidade, na atribuição de causalidade; (e) de como os observadores emparelhados aos atores atribuição da causalidade e responsabilidade aos eventos vitimadores. A parte inicial consiste em uma revisão das principais contribuições teóricas ao fenômenos da atribuição de causalidade em psicologia social e das pesquisas a ele relacionadas; sua extensão se justifica pela inexistência de textos desta natureza em nossa língua. A segunda parte compreende a análise das respostas a conjunto de questionários e escalas fornecidas por 43 sujeitos presos por homicídio ou assalto, 40 amputados de membro superior ou inferior, 35 cegos congênitos ou adquiridos, e de 138 sujeitos observadores a eles emparelhados em idade, nível sócio-econômico e escolaridade. Os resultados indicam diferenças no processo de atribuição de causalidade empregado pelos sujeitos com perdas diversas e na utilização de princípios das três teorias consideradas. O mesmo se verifica quando se comparam sujeitos atores e observadores. Os dados mostram ainda relações entre as variáveis psicológicas e o processo de atribuição de causalidade, bem como a influência destas variáveis no processo de luta contra a perda sofrida.

Alterações qualitativas em contratos de obra pública e a teoria econômica dos contratos incompletos : é possível construir um avião em pleno voo?

Não é de hoje que o país assiste à descoberta de incontáveis casos de desvios de recursos públicos ou mesmo à má gestão de contratos de obra pública que ocasionam, além de grave prejuízo ao Erário, danos à sociedade, muitas vezes desprovida da utilidade que seria proporcionada pelo pactuado. Essas condutas normalmente são ensejadas por projetos de engenharia que podem ser considerados meras peças de ficção, pois não representam o esforço correto para a execução do bem que se deseja construir. A Lei nº 8.666/93 permite a licitação com base em projeto básico, o que, segundo a atual onda de pensamento brasileira, seja da doutrina, dos órgãos de controle, do Poder Legislativo e até mesmo da mídia, é, de fato, um sério problema a ser enfrentado, pois a sua contratação dá margem a aditivos, entendidos como os grandes vilões das obras públicas. Por isso, o Tribunal de Contas da União vem decidindo no sentido de fortemente restringir a possibilidade de alteração contratual e, além disso, tem capitaneado projetos no Congresso Nacional que visam praticamente à extinção da empreitada por preço unitário, espécie contratual na qual o risco do projeto, ainda sem as definições necessárias, acaba por ser assumido pela Administração contratante, responsável pela elaboração, e não pelo seu executor. Contudo, no caso de obras complexas de infraestrutura, deve-se perquirir se essa postura, que pretende acabar com a margem decisória do gestor público quanto à extensão da incompletude do projeto básico - e, portanto, do objeto do contrato -, merece ser repensada, não com vistas a possibilitar os recorrentes danos, mas no caminho de uma melhor programação das ações estatais. Isso porque nessas hipóteses, a busca por todas as informações necessárias para a confecção do projeto a ser ao final executado, no momento da elaboração do edital, ou é muito custosa ou simplesmente não é possível. Assim, seria mais eficiente a contratação integrada, prevista na Lei do Regime Diferenciado de Contratação, na qual o risco do projeto pode se alocado ao contratado. Ocorre que, como existem restrições, nem sempre é viável esse caminho. Nessa ordem de ideias, deve-se encontrar uma solução para que o tradicional contrato de obra pública supere os seus graves problemas de incentivos. A proposta do presente trabalho é a introdução de um procedimento de tomada de decisão transparente, que confira segurança jurídica e amplo conhecimento da sociedade, além de livre acesso aos órgãos de controle, a partir de critérios não apenas jurídicos, mas econômicos e técnicos.

A ideologia da encenação: uma análise dos aspectos cênico/ideológicos da encenação produzida pela indústria cultural

The research that led to this dissertation adopted a set of scenic/ideological aspects inherent to the productions of the Culture Industry as its object of research. The intellectual output of Theodor W. Adorno and Max Horkheimer underscored the approaches on this subject, since it provides the same set of scenic/ideological features to be explored because, according to the authors, scenes produced by the culture industry are linked to the dominant ideology, since they act in favor of maintaining the status quo. The first objective was the definition this set of features inherent to the scene produced by the culture industry, through the exploration of literature produced by Adorno and Horkheimer, so it was possible to define a set composed of nine elements: Construction of characters as characteristic types; Stereotypes; Naturalization of Stereotyped language; Simplistic playwriting; Reuse dramatic formula; Love and sexuality as themes of plots; Utilization of tragic element; Objetive representation; Approximation of fiction and reality. The second goal was the analysis of scene produced by the culture industry nowadays, so that it was possible to verify if any scenic/ideological aspects indicated by Adorno and Horkheimer in the mid-twentieth century were present among the productions from this beginning of the twenty-first century. Through the analysis of three soap operas produced in Brazil in 2012, it was found that the nine scenic/ideological aspects as indicated by Adorno and Horkheimer appeared in the observed productions. Additionally, a new scenic/ideological feature, not indicated by Adorno and Horkheimer is present: the merchandising

A travessia do trágico no romance d A Pedra do Reino de Ariano Suassuna

The present work seeks to investigate and discuss about the Greek Tragedy s elements at Ariano Suassuna s romance called τ Romance d A Pedra do Reino e o Principe do Sangue do Vai e Volta, connecting it directly to mythic, epic, poetic, and romances aspects at his work. The romance has as the protagonist the backcountry Pedro Dinis Quaderna. Quaderna is a character which is simultaneously popular, elitist, enigmatic, naive, and an intellectual man that has a great erudition. Quaderna is a character that seeks, by using the Literature, to reestablish a Brazilian backcountry kingdom which he s supposedly the king, always trying to empathizes the Brazilian northeast region like if it was a nation apart. By impressing a national personality to the Brazilian northeast , Quaderna tries to become an epic poet just like Homer, denoting a strong influence of the Epopee. Quaderna, just like many characters of Greek Tragedy, has at his family past time a lot of tragic circumstances. These facts that ocurred to his relativos like the your uncle Pedro Sebastião Garcia Barreto s death, the disappearement of his cousin Sinésio, and the contest between the brothers Arésio and Sinésio, and others aspects, remind us remarkable influences, beyond the Epopee, of the Greek Tragedy. By reading the romance we may notice many similarities between Quaderna s trajectory and Greek Tragedy heroes. To make an analysis about the tragic aspects at Suassuna s work, we need to dialogue with many theoreticals that have written about the tragic and comparate with many parts of Suassuna s with classics character s texts of Greek Tragedy. At the following chapters we seek to provide romance s elementaries notions, as well as tragic notions, the dialogue with mythics aspects and the tragic and epic aplicability at Suassuna s work

Efeito de níveis crescentes de calagem no crescimento e estado nutricional de fedegoso

A distribuição e desenvolvimento de plantas, a exemplo daquelas que infestam as áreas agrícolas, é influenciada por diversos fatores, a como aqueles ligados às caraterísticas do solo, naturais ou impostas pelo homem. Assim, o presente trabalho de pesquisa foi desenvolvido em condições de casa-de-vegetação com o objetivo de estudar o efeito de níveis crescentes de calagem no crescimento e estado nutricional de Senna obtusifolia, planta daninha comum em ecossistemas agrícolas. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com seis tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos constituíram-se em quantidades de calcário dolomítico calcinado com 38% de CaO e 20% de MgO, com um poder de neutralização total (PRNT) de 104%: 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 e 10 t/ha. As parcelas experimentais constituíram-se de recipientes de plástico com capacidade de 5 litros, preenchidos com terra coletada na camada arável de um latossolo vermelho escuro distrófico, A moderado, textura média. Após um período de crescimento de 56 dias as plantas foram coletadas e separadas em seus componentes vegetativos, sendo colocados a secar em estufa de circulação forçada de ar (70ºC por 72 horas) para determinação do peso seco. O material foi pesado e moído e analisado a nível de composição de nutrientes. Os resultados mostraram efeitos negativos dos níveis crescentes de calcário, sobre o crescimento das plantas de S. obtusifolia, evidenciando-se decréscimos nos valores da matéria seca acumulada a partir da dose de 4 t/ha de calcário (pH 5,8), com efeitos mais marcantes nas raízes. A aplicação de doses crescentes de calcário promoveu um aumento progressivo nos teores de Ca e Mg no solo, o que talvez possa ter estimulado a competição entre cátions, reduzindo a absorção do K. Os elementos N e P foram os mais absorvidos pela planta.

Humor gráfico: o sorriso pensante e a formação do leitor

This research investigates the graphic humor, in particular the political cartoon and the cartoon, texts characterized by mixing visual-oral language, and its contribution in the formation of the reader. Recovers the main theories about the comicality in general and verifies the presence of these concepts into the texts of graphic humor and how they articulate themselves within the process of seducing the reader. Grounded in the studies of Umberto Eco about the cultural industry products and its relations with the literary theories and the aesthetics reception. After analysing texts of graphic humor, the study concludes that the triad, image-word-humor reveal a sophisticated arrangement which allows the reader to practice effectively the political cartoons and cartoons of production, of sense, cooperating in such a singular manner to the formation of a reflexive reader

Adrien-Marie Legendre (1752-1833) e suas obras em Teoria dos Números

The present thesis is an analysis of Adrien-Marie Legendre s works on Number Theory, with a certain emphasis on his 1830 edition of Theory of Numbers. The role played by these works in their historical context and their influence on the development of Number Theory was investigated. A biographic study of Legendre (1752-1833) was undertaken, in which both his personal relations and his scientific productions were related to certain historical elements of the development of both his homeland, France, and the sciences in general, during the 18th and 19th centuries This study revealed notable characteristics of his personality, as well as his attitudes toward his mathematical contemporaries, especially with regard to his seemingly incessant quarrels with Gauss about the priority of various of their scientific discoveries. This is followed by a systematic study of Lagrange s work on Number Theory, including a comparative reading of certain topics, especially that of his renowned law of quadratic reciprocity, with texts of some of his contemporaries. In this way, the dynamics of the evolution of his thought in relation to his semantics, the organization of his demonstrations and his number theoretical discoveries was delimited. Finally, the impact of Legendre s work on Number Theory on the French mathematical community of the time was investigated. This investigation revealed that he not only made substantial contributions to this branch of Mathematics, but also inspired other mathematicians to advance this science even further. This indeed is a fitting legacy for his Theory of Numbers, the first modern text on Higher Arithmetic, on which he labored half his life, producing various editions. Nevertheless, Legendre also received many posthumous honors, including having his name perpetuated on the Trocadéro face of the Eiffel Tower, which contains a list of 72 eminent scientists, and having a street and an alley in Paris named after him

No caminho das artes marciais: a relação mestre e discípulo como educação sensível

This research reflects the relationship between Master and Disciple original from the Martial Arts, and anchors their focus on sensitive education that emerges from this relationship. The interest here is knowing how the tradition of millenarian teachings is passed through the years, and how it gives from the relationship of Master and Disciple. To that end, I lean me in that context and also reflect on my experience as a Disciple of the Martial Arts, to that end, I lean me in that context and also reflect on my experience as a Disciple of the Martial Arts, and is from the immemorial fund that can give voice to that experience, through my body attached in the world of significations in which the experience lived is narrated by the story. Anchored from the phenomenological attitude from the philosopher french Maurice Merleau-Ponty, I think this research on three central pillars to guide our study categories, namely: the lived experience, body and liberty. Still, as a form of highlighting this sensitive work, beyond the texts of the philosopher Merleau-Ponty, we bring our dialogue of the cinema, literature and the writings of some the Masters of Martial Arts. For that, I think this research as a journey, where it, Master and Disciple march together in the ways of Martial Arts, baptizing and celebrating this sensitive education from that relationship affective and empathic

Aspectos linguístico-ergonômicos em rótulos: avaliação da linguagem verbo-visual de rótulos de embalagens para alimentos achocolatados

We have been living in a world of packed products. The package and the labels support the companies to communicate with the customers in addition to give protection, storage and convenience in proportion to the products that move in the price list. The labels mainly add up a value which helps the companies differ their products and increase the value of the brands among the final customers. However, the information given in the label are not clear sometimes. It displays a verbal-visual defective language resulted from a poor visibility, legibleness and comprehensibleness of the verbal and visual marks. The aim of this research is to verify, according to the costumers‟ view, the level of the clarity in the informative texts, harmony and ergonomic conformity of the package labels in the chocolate powder of the Claralate brand, considering the linguistic aspects presented on the labels. The criteria to evaluate the chocolate package selected were based on the linguistic field: the organization and the structure of the text derided from the classification of the textual genre; the clarity and the comprehension of the language utilized on those labels. From the ergonomic view, the informative and ergonomic conformity, based on the following requirements: legibility, symbols, characters, reading fields and intermission of the written lines. Therefore, the research done july 2007 and added july 2011 had a structured questionnaire in the interview put to the 118 customers of the chocolate package that go shopping in one of the two supermarkets in Floriano, Piauí São Jorge and/or Super Quaresma. The main results of the investigation show that the linguistic aspects in the informative texts of the labels provide the customers‟ expectancy partially, while the consideration of the informative ergonomic analyzed can contribute to the improvement of the information and consequent visual progress of those, on the labels of chocolate package investigated. As recommendation towards the maker of the product, the outcome of the research indicates: harmonize the proportion of the letters and numbers; enlarge the letters size; make the visual information more comprehensive determined by the reading field; put the expiry date in a better visual place

O masculino em revista: mídia, discurso e modos de subjetivação afetivos-sexuais

This dissertation has the thematic of the sexual affection of the masculine subjectivity within texts of Universo Masculino and Men‟s Health magazines as object of analysis. The central objective was to describe and interpret the theme on the masculine subjectivity in discourses about the affection of sexuality materialized in discourse practices in those magazines. The main point of the research matters how the discourse structures of texts in those magazines make it possible to comprehend the meanings produced about the masculinity nowadays. On the perspective of the thematic trajectory what consists the main aspect that concerns the leading of corpus in the research under the French discourse analysis, we have searched, in reports of those magazines, an arch-genealogy of masculinity, from a specific sexual-affection disposable of our mediate culture. The analytic trajectory enables us to conclude that the thematic trajectory about the sexual affection of the masculine subjectivity produces a semantic way that confirms hegemony and hetero-normative ideals, rather than what proposes new performances on the masculine subjectivity experiences. In its real effects, such mediate discourse practice pursues to link certain sexual affection knowledge to the male individual‟s lifestyle today, from the thematic choices, enunciation modalities and discourse strategies which are specific to the masculine media

Sob a égide de Afrodite: o espaço feminino em O Despertar, de Kate Chopin

Departing from the theoretical principle of the feminine text as a palimpsest that holds subtextual meanings which, in permanent interaction with the textual surface, disarticulate the oppositional and hierarchical backgrounds of patriarchy, this essay intends to offer a general overview on the narrative instance of space in The Awakening, the most important work by Kate Chopin one of the highlights of Realism in the United States, with the intention to show how the space is itself plenty of and at the same time disseminates into the other narrative elements some inter-dictions to gainsay patriarchy. We intend, in this perspective, to develop an analysis of the space and its subtextual inter-relationships displayed in the symbolic implications of the water, the sea, the circle, and the feminine subjectivity awakening of the work's protagonist.

Um olhar sobre as veredas rosianas.

The present work objective to study the configurations that the hinterland it acquires in the workmanship Great hinterland: trails, of Guimarães Rosa demonstrating as this author humanize this element, conferring to it characters universal mystics and through investigations, uncertainties, the auto-corrections of Riobaldo that become hinterland a metaphor of the human interior. Three are the chapters, that they will guide this work: the chapter 1 presents as element key for characterization of the epic one in Great hinterland: trails, the mining hinterland replete of trails, palco of exuberant vegetation, huge and multidimensional scene, where it has an entrecruzamento of fiction and reality. It retakes quarrel of critics as Manuel Cavalcanti Proença, Roberto Schwarz, on the existing epic character in the Great hinterland: trails, constructed from deriving myths of the universal culture, that they had been become popular. The brave and gracious knight, that it has its representabilidade in the popular culture. Thus the medieval hero, the knight represented for the Riobaldo personage, it is cognominado by Proença as Don Riobaldo of the Urucuia, knight of the general fields. O chapter 2 is a study on the popular culture in Rosa and Cascudo. Cascudo the example of Rosa also is exímio studious of the brazilian life, the regionalization and the popular manifestations proceeding from other cultures. O chapter 3 it has as focus of analysis two mitopoéticas personages: Diadorim e Luzia-Homem, which in the cited narratives they generally they assume functions generally atribute the men. Since children, if they dresses male. Valley to point out that Diadorim is not characterized as man, since in Great hinterland:trails if trajaq always as gunman. Luzia, when complete 18 anos pass if to dress as woman, but the stigma of male and female, inherited of the time where it coexisted the father folloies it for all the life. They suffer pain to have been born to fight and to não conhecer to love. They die you deliver the God. This study detects exactly that Diadorim and Luzia-Homem, are personages associates the myths of the universal culture and popular (sphinx, Jellyfish, Venus, Mother d water), that they possess similarities n the archetypes, that transit between the sexos masculine and feminine, without any sexual connotation, possesss it proper code of honr, of this not abdicating ahead of the death. Parallel, in this chapter two cascudianas workmanships willbe studies, that contemplate thematic of the dressed woman of man and being the woman without disguice: the enchantment tale Maria Gomes and romance Flower of tragics romances. The first one will be revisited in order to present subject in Great hinterland:trails through the Diadorim personage. As it will discourse on cases of brave women, cited for Cascudo, immortalized for the tradition, who had made history, that already is not disfarçam of men to carry through acts of bravery and honor.

Referenciação anafórica :as anáforas não-correfereciais no livro didático da língua portuguesa

On recent years, it has been observed an increasing interest on referentiation processes, which involves an important field of Text Linguistics and Discourse Analysis studies. The existence of a significant number of international and national publications which focus on this perspective corroborate this finding. Given the textbook importance as a teaching instrument, and the relevance of the referentiation processes to text production and comprehension, we realize that the study of these two topics articulation is taken as a relevant research theme, with consequences to the improvement of Portuguese Language teaching. Taking this into consideration, we intend to analyze the non-coreference anaphors in texts of Portuguese Language textbooks from fifth to eighth grades, adopted in many schools of Pau dos Ferros RN, considering the frequency, genre, kind of anaphor and manifestation form. This study is classified as a documental and qualitative research. We have found out that the indirect anaphor was used in more than a half of the corpus. We have found out, as well, that the literary and press genres do not favor the use of labeling and metadiscursive anaphors. On the other hand, concerning the indirect anaphor, it is clear its abundant use in the literary genre. In what concerns the manifestation forms, we have verified that on labeling and metadiscursive anaphors it is significant the predominance of demonstrative pronouns working as determiners. On the indirect anaphor, we have verified that most of the occurrences do not present a determiner, and for the ones which present it, the majority occurs under the form of definite and indefinite articles. We believe that this work can contribute to the activities which involve questions related to text production and comprehension, since the referentiation processes are intimately related to them