Napoléon et Alexandre Ier. L'alliance russe sous le premier empire ...

--I. De Tilsit à Erfurt. 4. éd. 1896.--II. 1809. Le second mariage de Napoléon; déclin de l'alliance. 2. éd. 1893.--III. La rupture. 5. éd. 1908.

Uniform Convergence of the Newton Method for Aubin Continuous Maps

* This work was supported by National Science Foundation grant DMS 9404431.

Singing in the Rain Forest: How a Tropical Bird Song Transfers Information

How information transmission processes between individuals are shaped by natural selection is a key question for the understanding of the evolution of acoustic communication systems. Environmental acoustics predict that signal structure will differ depending on general features of the habitat. Social features, like individual spacing and mating behavior, may also be important for the design of communication. Here we present the first experimental study investigating how a tropical rainforest bird, the white-browed warbler Basileuterus leucoblepharus, extracts various information from a received song: species-specific identity, individual identity and location of the sender. Species-specific information is encoded in a resistant acoustic feature and is thus a public signal helping males to reach a wide audience. Conversely, individual identity is supported by song features susceptible to propagation: this private signal is reserved for neighbors. Finally, the receivers can locate the singers by using propagation-induced song modifications. Thus, this communication system is well matched to the acoustic constraints of the rain forest and to the ecological requirements of the species. Our results emphasize that, in a constraining acoustic environment, the efficiency of a sound communication system results from a coding/decoding process particularly well tuned to the acoustic properties of this environment.

Family physician involvement in cancer care and lung cancer patient emotional distress and quality of life.

PURPOSE: This study aims to describe emotional distress and quality of life (QoL) of patients at different phases of their lung cancer and the association with their family physician (FP) involvement. METHODS: A prospective study on patients with lung cancer was conducted in three regions of Quebec, Canada. Patients completed, at baseline, several validated questionnaires regarding their psychosocial characteristics and their perceived level of FP involvement. Emotional distress [profile of mood states (POMS)] and QoL [European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Core 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30)] were reassessed every 3-6 months, whether patients had metastasis or not, up to 18 months. Results were regrouped according to cancer phase. Mixed models with repeated measurements were performed to identify variation in distress and QoL. RESULTS: In this cohort of 395 patients, distress was low at diagnosis (0.79 ± 0.7 on a 0-4 scale), raising to 1.36 ± 0.8 at the advance phase (p < 0.0001). Patient's global QoL scores significantly decreased from the diagnosis to the advance phase (from 66 to 45 on a 0-100 scale; p < 0.0001). At all phases of cancer, FP involvement was significantly associated with patients' distress (p = 0.0004) and their global perception of QoL (p = 0.0080). These associations remained statistically significant even after controlling for age, gender, and presence of metastases. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides new knowledge on patients' emotional distress and QoL with cancer evolution and, particularly, their association with FP involvement. Other studies should be conducted to further explore FP role in cancer supportive care.

Le coeur inquiet du christianisme

(Résumé du numéro) Prophéties et visions du futur Notre époque se méfie des prophètes, mais fait confiance aux astrologues, devins et autres voyantes... Y compris dans les plus hautes sphères du pouvoir! Ce surgissement de l'irrationnel dans une société fière de sa "science" laisse perplexe. De telles croyances, dont le caractère païen est parfois souligné, entretiennent dans l'esprit du public une confusion fâcheuse entre prophétie et prédiction. Le prophétisme s'en trouve dévalorisé, alors qu'il a joué à certains moments un rôle décisif dans l'histoire de l'humanité. "L'avez-vous remarqué?", écrivait il y a quelques années Bruno Chenu, "À l'heure actuelle, le thème du prophétisme semble s'être évanoui du paysage, tant social qu'ecclésial. Il n'y a plus grand monde pour se risquer à une interpellation forte, à une mise en cause radicale, à une proposition dérangeante. [...] Nous sommes à l'âge des croyances molles. N'est-il pas grand temps de retrouver, collectivement et personnellement, l'inspiration prophétique?" (1). Le prophète est une figure centrale des religions monothéistes. Il porte la sagesse du message divin que les hommes ne savent pas discerner. Donc, il dérange. Et si sa parole est écoutée, voire sollicitée, dans les périodes d'incertitudes, il devient gênant dès lors que le pouvoir - religieux ou politique - pense avoir repris en main les destinées de la communauté. "L'avenir n'est à personne, sire, l'avenir est à Dieu" rappelle, trop tard!, Victor Hugo à Napoléon 1er. Il est vrai que la condamnation des prophètes est souvent consécutive à une catastrophe déclenchée par de "faux" prophètes. La difficulté à identifier la véritable prophétie a entraîné à plusieurs reprises l'annonce de l'extinction du prophétisme, par les sages juifs au deuxième siècle avant notre ère, ou lorsque le christianisme devient la religion officielle de l'Empire romain. À chaque fois, le prophétisme est réapparu, comme si la religion ne pouvait en faire l'économie. C'est l'une des leçons qui ressort le plus clairement du dossier que nous consacrons au couple tumultueux que constituent prophètes et visions du futur. Le prophète porte aussi les espoirs de l'humanité. Un monde sans prophètes serait-il un monde sans espérance?

Emerging pharmacotherapies for alcohol dependence: a systematic review focusing on reduction in consumption.

BACKGROUND: European Medicines Agency guidelines recognize two different treatment goals for alcohol dependence: abstinence and reduction in alcohol consumption. All currently approved agents are indicated for abstinence. This systematic review aimed to identify drugs in development for alcohol dependence treatment and to establish, based upon trial design, if any are seeking market authorization for reduction in consumption. METHODS: We searched PubMed and Embase (December 2001-November 2011) to identify agents in development for alcohol dependence treatment. Additional studies were identified by searching ClinicalTrials.gov and the R&D Insight and Clinical Trials Insight databases. Studies in which the primary focus was treatment of comorbidity, or n≤20, were excluded. Studies were then classified as 'abstinence' if they: described a detoxification/alcohol withdrawal period; enrolled patients who had undergone detoxification previously; or presented relapse/abstinence rates as the primary outcome. Studies in patients actively drinking at baseline were classified as 'reduction in consumption'. RESULTS: Of 602 abstracts identified, 45 full-text articles were eligible. Five monotherapies were in development for alcohol dependence treatment: topiramate, fluvoxamine, aripiprazole, flupenthixol and nalmefene. Nalmefene was the only agent whose sponsor was clearly seeking definitive approval for reduction in consumption. Development status was unclear for topiramate, fluvoxamine, aripiprazole and flupenthixol. Fifteen agents were examined in published exploratory investigator-initiated trials; the majority focused on abstinence. Ongoing (unpublished) trials tended to focus on reduction in consumption. CONCLUSIONS: While published studies generally focused on abstinence, ongoing trials focused on reduction in consumption, suggesting a change in emphasis in the approach to treating alcohol dependence.

Psalterium ad usum ecclesiae Forojuliensis.

F. 3 Calendrier de Fréjus, avec addit. au 14 nov. : « Consecratio ecclesie de Bargema » (Bargème, dioc. de Fréjus). F. 9 Psautier et cantiques. F. 144 Hymnaire des principales fêtes et du commun des saints. F. 171v Litanies de Fréjus (incompl. de la fin).

Horae ad usum Bituricensem.

F. 1 Calendrier avec saints parisiens (en français). F. 13 Extraits des IV Évangiles. F. 19v Prières à la Vierge : « Obsecro te... », etc. F. 26 Passion selon saint Jean. F. 37v Prières diverses. F. 42 Matines et laudes de la Vierge. F. 73 et 74v Matines de la Croix et du Saint-Esprit. F. 76 Petites heures, vêpres et complies de la Vierge (usage de Bourges), de la Croix et du Saint-Esprit. F. 117 Psaumes de la pénitence. F. 129 Litanies. F. 135 Suffrages de s. Ursin. F. 136 Office des morts (usage de Bourges). F. 182v Suffrages. F. 207 Prières avant et après la communion, etc. (rubriques en français).

[Stamnos attique à figures rouges] : [Oenée, Héraclès luttant contre le centaure Dexaménos, Déjanire] : [dessin]

Ancien possesseur : Millin, Aubin-Louis (1759-1818)

[Cratère en calice attique à figures rouges] : [Thraces] : [dessin]

Ancien possesseur : Millin, Aubin-Louis (1759-1818)