Wahrnehmungs- und Betätigungsformen des Vertrauens im deutsch-französischen Vergleich:Representations, Forms and practice of Trust in French and German comparison

Thomas Würtenberger, Dieter K. Tscheulin, Jean-Claude Usunier, Dominique Jeannerod, Eric Davoine (Hrsg.):
Wahrnehmungs- und Betätigungsformen des Vertrauens im deutsch-französischen Vergleich
Berlin, Berlin GmbH, 2002

Heating Mechanisms for Intermittent Loops in Active Region Cores from AIA/SDO EUV Observations

We investigate intensity variations and energy deposition in five coronal loops in active region cores. These were selected for their strong variability in the AIA/SDO 94 Å intensity channel. We isolate the hot Fe XVIII and Fe XXI components of the 94 Å and 131 Å by modeling and subtracting the "warm" contributions to the emission. HMI/SDO data allow us to focus on "inter-moss" regions in the loops. The detailed evolution of the inter-moss intensity time series reveals loops that are impulsively heated in a mode compatible with a nanoflare storm, with a spike in the hot 131 Å signals leading and the other five EUV emission channels following in progressive cooling order. A sharp increase in electron temperature tends to follow closely after the hot 131 Å signal confirming the impulsive nature of the process. A cooler process of growing emission measure follows more slowly. The Fourier power spectra of the hot 131 Å signals, when averaged over the five loops, present three scaling regimes with break frequencies near 0.1 min–1 and 0.7 min–1. The low frequency regime corresponds to 1/f noise; the intermediate indicates a persistent scaling process and the high frequencies show white noise. Very similar results are found for the energy dissipation in a 2D "hybrid" shell model of loop magneto-turbulence, based on reduced magnetohydrodynamics, that is compatible with nanoflare statistics. We suggest that such turbulent dissipation is the energy source for our loops

Intermittent and Scale-Invariant Intensity Fluctuations in Hot Coronal Loops

ABSTRACT BODY: To resolve outstanding questions on heating of coronal loops, we study intensity fluctuations in inter-moss portions of active region core loops as observed with AIA/SDO. The 94Å fluctuations (Figure 1) have structure on timescales shorter than radiative and conductive cooling times. Each of several strong 94Å brightenings is followed after ~8 min by a broader peak in the cooler 335Å emission. This indicates that we see emission from the hot component of the 94Å contribution function. No hotter contributions appear, and we conclude that the 94Å intensity can be used as a proxy for energy injection into the loop plasma. The probability density function of the observed 94Å intensity has 'heavy tails' that approach zero more slowly than the tails of a normal distribution. Hence, large fluctuations dominate the behavior of the system. The resulting 'intermittence' is associated with power-law or exponential scaling of the related variables, and these in turn are associated with turbulent phenomena. The intensity plots in Figure 1 resemble multifractal time series, which are common to various forms of turbulent energy dissipation. In these systems a single fractal dimension is insufficient to describe the dynamics and instead there is a spectrum of fractal dimensions that quantify the self-similar properties. Figure 2 shows the multifractal spectrum from our data to be invariant over timescales from 24 s to 6.4 min. We compare these results to outputs from theoretical energy dissipation models based on MHD turbulence, and in some cases we find substantial agreement, in terms of intermittence, multifractality and scale invariance. Figure 1. Time traces of 94A intensity in the inter-moss portions of four AR core loops. Figure 2. Multifractal spectra showing timescale invariance. The four cases of Figure 1 are included.

Evolution of Hot Loops in an Active Region Core Observed with the SDO Atmospheric Image Assembly

Evidence has accumulated of high temperature (> 4 MK) coronal emission in active region cores that corresponds to structures in equilibrium. Other studies have found evidence of evolving loops. We investigate the EUV intensity and temperature variations of short coronal loops observed in the core of NOAA Active Region 11250 on 13 July 2011. The loops, which run directly between the AR opposite polarities, are first detectable in the 94Å band of Fe XVIII, implying an effective temperature ~ 7 MK. The low temperature component of the 94 Å signal is modeled in terms of a linear superposition of the 193 Å and 171 Å signals in order to separate the hot component. After identifying the loops we have used contemporaneous HMI observations to identify the corresponding inter-moss regions, and we have investigated their time evolution in six AIA EUV channels. The results can be separated into two classes. Group 1 (94Å, 335Å, 211Å) is characterized by hotter temperatures (~2-7 MK), and Group 2 (193Å, 171Å, 131Å) by cooler temperatures (0.4 - 1.6 MK). For Group 1 the intensity peaks in the 94Å channel are followed by maxima in the 335 Å channel with a time lag of ~8 min, suggestive of a cooling pattern with an exponential decay. While the 211Å maxima follow those in the 335 Å channel, there is no systematic relation which would indicate a progressive cooling process through the lower temperatures, as has been observed in other investigations. In Group 2 the signals in the 171 and 131Å channels track each other closely, and lag behind the 193Å. In the inter-moss region of the loop the peak temperature and peak emission measure have opposite trends. The hot 94Å brightenings occur in the central part of the loops with maximum temperatures ~7 MK. Subsequently the loops appear to fill with plasma with an emission measure compatible with the 193 Å signal and temperature in the range ~ 1.5-2 MK. Although the exact details of the time evolution are still under investigation, these non static loops show high levels of intermittency in the 94Å signal (please see poster "Intermittent and Scale-Invariant Intensity Fluctuations in Hot Coronal Loops," by Lawrence et al. in this session).

Efficacy and safety of ivacaftor in patients with cystic fibrosis who have an Arg117His-CFTR mutation: a double-blind, randomised controlled trial

BACKGROUND: Ivacaftor has been previously assessed in patients with cystic fibrosis with Gly551Asp-CFTR or other gating mutations. We assessed ivacaftor in patients with Arg117His-CFTR, a residual function mutation.

METHODS: We did a 24-week, placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomised clinical trial, which enrolled 69 patients with cystic fibrosis aged 6 years and older with Arg117His-CFTR and percentage of predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s (% predicted FEV1) of at least 40. We randomly assigned eligible patients (1:1) to receive placebo or ivacaftor 150 mg every 12 h for 24 weeks. Randomisation was stratified by age (6-11, 12-17, and ≥18 years) and % predicted FEV1 (<70, ≥70 to ≤90, and >90). The primary outcome was the absolute change from baseline in % predicted FEV1 through week 24. Secondary outcomes included safety and changes in sweat chloride concentrations and Cystic Fibrosis Questionnaire-Revised (CFQ-R) respiratory domain scores. An open-label extension enrolled 65 of the patients after washout; after 12 weeks, we did an interim analysis.

FINDINGS: After 24 weeks, the treatment difference in mean absolute change in % predicted FEV1 between ivacaftor (n=34) and placebo (n=35) was 2·1 percentage points (95% CI -1·13 to 5·35; p=0·20). Ivacaftor treatment resulted in significant treatment differences in sweat chloride (-24·0 mmol/L, 95% CI -28·01 to -19·93; p<0·0001) and CFQ-R respiratory domain (8·4, 2·17 to 14·61; p=0·009). In prespecified subgroup analyses, % predicted FEV1 significantly improved with ivacaftor in patients aged 18 years or older (treatment difference vs placebo: 5·0 percentage points, 95% CI 1·15 to 8·78; p=0·01), but not in patients aged 6-11 years (-6·3 percentage points, -11·96 to -0·71; p=0·03). In the extension study, both placebo-to-ivacaftor and ivacaftor-to-ivacaftor groups showed % predicted FEV1 improvement (absolute change from post-washout baseline at week 12: placebo-to-ivacaftor, 5·0 percentage points [p=0·0005]; ivacaftor-to-ivacaftor, 6·0 percentage points [p=0·006]). We did not identify any new safety concerns. The studies are registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (the randomised, placebo-controlled study, number NCT01614457; the open-label extension study, number NCT01707290).

INTERPRETATION: Although this study did not show a significant improvement in % predicted FEV1, ivacaftor did significantly improve sweat chloride and CFQ-R respiratory domain scores and lung function in adult patients with Arg117His-CFTR, indicating that ivacaftor might benefit patients with Arg117His-CFTR who have established disease.

Clathrin adaptor epsinR is required for retrograde sorting on early endosomal membranes

Retrograde transport links early/recycling endosomes to the trans-Golgi network (TGN), thereby connecting the endocytic and the biosynthetic/secretory pathways. To determine how internalized molecules are targeted to the retrograde route, we have interfered with the function of clathrin and that of two proteins that interact with it, AP1 and epsinR. We found that the glycosphingolipid binding bacterial Shiga toxin entered cells efficiently when clathrin expression was inhibited. However, retrograde transport of Shiga toxin to the TGN was strongly inhibited. This allowed us to show that for Shiga toxin, retrograde sorting on early/recycling endosomes depends on clathrin and epsinR, but not AP1. EpsinR was also involved in retrograde transport of two endogenous proteins, TGN38/46 and mannose 6-phosphate receptor. In conclusion, our work reveals the existence of clathrin-independent and -dependent transport steps in the retrograde route, and establishes a function for clathrin and epsinR at the endosome-TGN interface.

A laser driven pulsed X-ray backscatter technique for enhanced penetrative imaging

X-ray backscatter imaging can be used for a wide range of imaging applications, in particular for industrial inspection and portal security. Currently, the application of this imaging technique to the detection of landmines is limited due to the surrounding sand or soil strongly attenuating the 10s to 100s of keV X-rays required for backscatter imaging. Here, we introduce a new approach involving a 140 MeV short-pulse (< 100 fs) electron beam generated by laser wakefield acceleration to probe the sample, which produces Bremsstrahlung X-rays within the sample enabling greater depths to be imaged. A variety of detector and scintillator configurations are examined, with the best time response seen from an absorptive coated BaF₂ scintillator with a bandpass filter to remove the slow scintillation emission components. An X-ray backscatter image of an array of different density and atomic number items is demonstrated. The use of a compact laser wakefield accelerator to generate the electron source, combined with the rapid development of more compact, efficient and higher repetition rate high power laser systems will make this system feasible for applications in the field.

Facilitating a culture of responsible and effective sharing of cancer genome data

Rapid and affordable tumor molecular profiling has led to an explosion of clinical and genomic data poised to enhance the diagnosis, prognostication and treatment of cancer. A critical point has now been reached at which the analysis and storage of annotated clinical and genomic information in unconnected silos will stall the advancement of precision cancer care. Information systems must be harmonized to overcome the multiple technical and logistical barriers to data sharing. Against this backdrop, the Global Alliance for Genomic Health (GA4GH) was established in 2013 to create a common framework that enables responsible, voluntary and secure sharing of clinical and genomic data. This Perspective from the GA4GH Clinical Working Group Cancer Task Team highlights the data-aggregation challenges faced by the field, suggests potential collaborative solutions and describes how GA4GH can catalyze a harmonized data-sharing culture.

Replicability of data collected for empirical estimation of relative pollen productivity

The effects of repeated survey and fieldwork timing on data derived from a recently proposed standard field methodology for empirical estimation of Relative Pollen Productivity have been tested. Seasonal variations in vegetation and associated pollen assemblages were studied in three contrasting cultural habitat types; semi-natural ancient woodlands, lowland heaths, and unimproved, traditionally managed hay meadows. Results show that in woodlands and heathlands the standard method generates vegetation data with a reasonable degree of similarity throughout the field season, though in some instances additional recording of woodland canopy cover should be undertaken, and differences were greater for woodland understorey taxa than for arboreal taxa. Large differences in vegetation cover were observed over the field season in the grassland community, and matching the phenological timing of surveys within and between studies is clearly important if RPP estimates from these sites are to be comparable. Pollen assemblages from closely co-located moss polsters collected on different visits are shown to be variable in all communities, to a greater degree than can be explained by the sampling error associated with pollen counting, and further study of moss polsters as pollen traps is recommended.

Valor prognóstico cardiovascular da MAPA numa população hipertensa portuguesa

Efectuou-se um estudo prospectivo e observacional em 1200 doentes, maiores de 18 anos, com hipertensão essencial e sem eventos cardiovasculares (CV) prévbs que foram referenciados entre 1991 e 1998 para realização de MAPA no Serviço de Cardiologia do Hospital Infante D. Pedro, Aveiro (HIP), na Unidade de Hipertensão e Risco CV do Hospital Pedro Hispano (HPH), Matosinhos e na Clínica Cross/Moss do Porto. O objectivo principal deste estudo foi avaliar, nesta população, seguida durante 8- 12 anos, o valor preditivo de morbi-mortalidade CV da pressurometria ambulatória de 24 horas (MAPA), nomeadamente de diversos índices e valores dela extraída, tais como: (i) valores médios da pressão arterial (PA) de 24-h, diurna e nocturna; (ii) queda tensional noctuma, (iii) diferentes padrões de queda tensional nocturna em particular do padrão Non Dipper; (iv) PA diferencial de 24h, diurna e nodurna; (v) frequência cardíaca de 24 horas (vi) Ambulatory Arterial Stifness. Foram incluídos registos de MAPA de 1200 doentes, de um total de 2644, dos quais 53,8% eram mulheres e 10,2% eram diabéticos. Ao longo de um follow up médio de 8,2+3,0 anos, verificaram-se 62 óbitos e 152 eventos CV fatais e não fatais compreendendo 79 AVC, 51 eventos coronários e 22 classificados de outros eventos cardiovasculares. O estudo permitiu concluir que: 1- A MAPA foi superior a PA casual como preditor de eventos CV globais e de acidentes cerebrovasculares (AVC). 2 - De entre os valores da MAPA, o valor preditivo dos valores sistólicos (de 24 h, diurnos e nocturnos) foi superior ao dos respectivos valores diastólicos e o dos valores nocturnos foi superior ao dos valores diurnos. 3 - 0s eventos CV totais e os eventos coronários foram mais frequentes nos homens do que nas mulheres, sem diferença relativamente ao AVC. O valor preditivo independente da MAPA (sobretudo da PAS e da PP24h) foi superior nas mulheres vs homens relativamente aos eventos globais e AVC. 4- 0s padrões non-dipper e reverted-dipper de queda tensional nocturna associaram-se a pior prognóstico cardiovascular, relativamente ao padrão dipper. Contudo, dentro do padrão non-dipper, somente os doentes com queda tensional nocturna entre 0-4,9% -non-dippers 1 (mas não os doentes com queda tensional nocturna entre 5,O-9,9% -non-dippers 2) apresentaram risco CV superior ao do padrão dipper e semelhante ao do padrão reverted-dipper. Este achado poderá implicar a reclassificação do padrão non-dipper e do risco CV a ele associado. 5- O índice de rigidez arterial derivado da MAPA (AASI) correlaciona-se com outros índices (ex. a velocidade da onda de pulso) e contribui para estratificar o risco CV (eventos CV e AVC). O valor preditivo CV do AASI não é globalmente superior ao da PP 24h, embora em alguns casos o AASI possa acrescentar informação prognostica adicional a PP.

Conferencia: Asimetría: erómenos - erastés

Dra. Rose-Marie Mariaca Fellmann, Psicoanalista

A Framework for Human-like Behavior in an Immersive Virtual World

Just as readers feel immersed when the story line adheres to their experiences, users will more easily feel immersed in a virtual environment if the behavior of the characters in that environment adheres to their expectations, based on their lifelong observations in the real world. This paper introduces a framework that allows authors to establish natural, human-like behavior, physical interaction and emotional engagement of characters living in a virtual environment. Represented by realistic virtual characters, this framework allows people to feel immersed in an Internet based virtual world in which they can meet and share experiences in a natural way as they can meet and share experiences in real life. Rather than just being visualized in a 3D space, the virtual characters (autonomous agents as well as avatars representing users) in the immersive environment facilitate social interaction and multi-party collaboration, mixing virtual with real.

Pour une intégration citoyenne actualisée dans les classes de français langue seconde

Le gouvernement québécois souhaite intégrer ses immigrants afin d'en faire une tranche active de la population. Cette intégration passe à la fois par l'apprentissage de la langue et par la connaissance et l'appartenance à notre culture. Les classes de français langue seconde, où transitent chaque année un bon nombre d'immigrants, sont un vecteur de choix pour la transmission des valeurs québécoises et des éléments qui fondent la culture du Québec. Or, pour permettre aux enseignants de transmettre des éléments culturels en classe, il faut un consensus, relayé sous forme de programme pédagogique ou de guides d'enseignement. Au milieu des années 1990, le ministère de l'Immigration et des Communautés culturelles du Québec a justement élaboré une vaste collection, Québec Atout, qui vise à la fois l'apprentissage du français et l'apprentissage de diverses composantes culturelles. Quinze ans plus tard, cette collection est délaissée par les intervenants en francisation, faute de mises à jour de son contenu et de son approche pédagogique. La pertinence de ce matériel n'est pas à remettre en cause. Pour actualiser Québec Atout, il faudrait cependant revoir certaines dimensions, dont les valeurs et les codes communicationnels et y intégrer une approche actionnelle. Il faudrait surtout tirer profit des technologies émergentes, qui se doivent d'être intégrées en salle de classe et qui peuvent, lorsqu'elles sont bien utilisées, devenir un puissant véhicule d'intégration.

La transformation des pratiques professionnelles chez les enseignants du secondaire : analyse des effets de la participation aux cercles d'apprentissage et d'inclusion

Cette recherche poursuit l'objectif général d'analyser la transformation des pratiques professionnelles des enseignants du secondaire à l'égard des élèves en difficulté intégrés en classe régulière suite à leur participation au dispositif des cercles d'apprentissage et d'inclusion (CAI). La problématique met en évidence les changements de paradigmes associés aux multiples réformes du système de l'éducation et les difficultés auxquelles sont confrontés les enseignants depuis l'instauration de la nouvelle Politique de l'adaptation scolaire au Québec. Les nouvelles visées ministérielles prônent désormais une éducation de qualité pour tous. La notion d'équité est à la base des actions qui doivent guider les pratiques de l'école inclusive. Cependant, les écrits sur le sujet soulignent le manque de connaissances des enseignants pour adapter leurs pratiques professionnelles aux élèves en difficulté intégrés dans leur classe (Gaudreau, Legault, Brodeur, Hurteau, Dunberry, Séguin, Legendre, 2008; MacKay, 2006). Ces auteurs suggèrent à cet égard, la nécessité d'implanter dans les milieux des dispositifs de formation continue axés sur l'acquisition de connaissances quant aux processus d'apprentissage des élèves, aux pratiques pédagogiques différenciées et aux stratégies favorables aux apprentissages. La méthodologie utilisée s'inscrit dans une démarche de co-construction des savoirs. (Desmarais, Boyer et Dupont, 2005) avec des enseignants désireux de travailler sur l'amélioration de leurs pratiques professionnelles à l'égard des élèves en difficulté intégrés en classe régulière au secondaire. Ainsi, des groupes de réflexions portant sur l'analyse de l'expérience vécue par les enseignants ont permis d'offrir un accompagnement et un cadre défini pour la collecte de données (Boudreault et Kalubi, 2006). Des entrevues semi-dirigées ont complété notre collecte de données à la fin du projet afin de préciser et de nuancer les propos recueillis lors des groupes de réflexion. Les résultats obtenus nous ont permis d'identifier certaines conditions à mettre en place dans l'accompagnement des enseignants en exercice et de mieux comprendre les difficultés relatives à un tel dispositif.