Importância do exame laboratorial no diagnóstico de linfoma em cães e gatos

Lymphoma is a cancer originating in solid hematopoietic tissue and is one of the most common tumors in dogs and cats. Usually the diagnosis is made late, when the disease is at an advanced stage, reducing the success of treatment, affecting the prognosis. Therefore, early diagnosis is the best tool to combat this increasingly common disease in veterinary medicine. Due to the diversity of presentations and forms of the disease, clinical signs are nonspecific and varied making the use of laboratory testing essential to lymphoma diagnosis in order of establishing the most appropriate treatment as quickly as possible, giving the patient a longer survival rate

Aborgadens no tratamento do cão portador de insuficiência renal crônica

Chronic Renal Failure (CRF) is the most common disease among dogs of any breed. It is the cause of high levels of morbidity and death rate in dogs. It's important to have an early diagnostic of the dogs condition and immediately start a supportive treatment for CRF. In this research we are discussing the most common types of treatment focused in reducing the progression of this disease and better quality of life for the animal with IRC

Ação antiúlcera do citral em modelos experimentais in vivo: análise do envolvimento do óxido nítrico, muco aderido e grupamentos sulfidrílicos na proteção da mucosa

As úlceras gástricas, além de representarem eventos patológicos comuns na clínica médica, são atualmente consideradas importantes desafios para a terapêutica, à medida que o tratamento e/ou prevenção dessa doença ainda apresentam limitações, como os efeitos adversos e a baixa qualidade de cicatrização. Outro grande problema é a difícil acessibilidade às terapias disponíveis pela população de baixa renda, devido ao seu alto custo. Considerando a problemática abordada, e levando em consideração que estudos têm mostrado que terpenóides têm apresentado atividade antiúlcera bastante significativa, propusemos investigar o efeito gastroprotetor do monoterpeno Citral em úlceras gástricas experimentais induzidas tanto por etanol quanto por antiinflamatórios não esteroidais (utilizando a Indometacina como agente indutor das ulcerações), bem como avaliar seu efeito cicatrizante. O Citral mostrou ser gastroprotetor frente ao agente lesivo etanol, a partir da dose de 25 mg/kg, em uma relação dose-dependente quando administrado oralmente, sendo mais potente do que a Carbenoxolona, utilizada como controle positivo, a partir de uma dose duas vezes menor [dose de 50 mg/kg, na qual o Citral apresentou 98 % de proteção em relação ao controle negativo (Tween 80 a 8%), contra 85 % de proteção proporcionada pela Carbenoxolona na dose de 100 mg/kg]. No entanto, no modelo de indução de úlceras gástricas por Indometacina o Citral mostrou um efeito dual, ao passo que em doses intermediárias (25 e 50 mg/kg) apresentou efeito gastroprotetor, e em doses extremas (100 e 200 mg/kg) apresentou uma significativa potencialização das lesões, permitindo assim a hipótese de um possível efeito antiinflamatório e/ou antinociceptivo nessas doses. Também foi verificado seu efeito cicatrizante na dose de 25 mg/kg, sendo tão eficaz quanto o Lansoprazol (controle positivo)... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

Espondilomielopatia cervical caudal em cães: diagnóstico por imagem

The Caudal Cervical Spondylomyelopathy, also known as “Wobbler syndrome” is a neurological disorder that affects mainly breeds of large and giant size, especially Doberman pinsher and Great danes. Its aetiology is multifactorial and leads to a narrowing of the spinal canal by morphological and positional caudal cervical vertebrae (C5, C6 and C7), causing compression of the spinal cord and nerve roots. The clinical signs presented by the affected animals are progressive ataxia of hindlimbs and, later, the forelimbs, sometimes progressing to tetraparesis. Neck pain may be present. The diagnosis is made through the association of clinical signs and diagnostic imaging such as radiography, myelography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. According to the classification of the lesion obtained by imaging examinations, the conservative or surgical treatment is established and the prognosis is variable in accordance with the degree of affection of the spinal cord

Estudos citogenéticos de mutações na transformação de neoplasias benignas em malignas do sistema musculoesquelético

O câncer tem sido alvo de incessantes pesquisas sobre sua etiologia, desenvolvimento, progresso e tratamentos. Sua importância no campo científico se dá pela sua alta taxa de mortalidade e morbidade. O fato de que seja uma doença genética, que pode ter interferência ambiental e dietética, está cada vez mais elucidado, porém ainda existem muitos mecanismos a serem desvendados. As neoplasias ósseas, benignas ou malignas, e processos inflamatórios ósseos acometem desde crianças até adultos e idosos, podendo causar danos físicos, incapacidade motora e até a morte. Portanto, presumir o potencial de transformação maligna das lesões benignas, agressividade tumoral, capacidade de invasão tecidual, probabilidade de recidiva, propensão ao desenvolvimento de metástases e resposta ao tratamento, é um valioso expediente na escolha da proposta terapêutica. Estudos genéticos e citogenéticos têm ajudado a aumentar o entendimento sobre a carcinogênese, progressão tumoral, prognósticos e diagnósticos. Portanto, este estudo teve como objetivo detectar mutações e marcadores cromossômicos consistentes e recorrentes na transformação de tumores benignos em malignos no sistema musculoesquelético, através de análises com citogenética clássica, e relacionar estes achados com o prognóstico e diagnóstico dos pacientes. Dentre os casos coletados e analisados citogeneticamente, foram selecionados três casos de lesões ósseas benignas e três lesões ósseas malignas tidas como a progressão tumoral dos respectivos casos benignos, para discussão e relato de caso. Os achados citogenéticos relataram consistentes alterações numéricas e estruturais clonais em regiões cromossômicas com genes importantes envolvidos na progressão tumoral. Pode-se citar a perda da região contendo o gene TP53, supressor tumoral, tanto em lesões benignas como em maligna, como um dos achados mais relevantes neste estudo. Dessa forma, os resultados ...

Diagnóstico dos resíduos sólidos domiciliares no município de Ribeirão Pires/SP

O progresso econômico-social e o desenvolvimento industrial aumentaram as quantidades de resíduos gerados pela humanidade; para se obter um equilíbrio ambiental é preciso que estes sejam reintroduzidos no ciclo de produção, sob a forma de matéria-prima. O meio ambiente vem nos dando sinais da sua incapacidade de armazenar todos os resíduos gerados e ainda as reservas de matéria-prima não são inesgotáveis. Desta forma as políticas de gerenciamento dos resíduos sólidos tornam-se fundamentais para o melhoramento da qualidade de vida da população e promover o crescimento sustentável das cidades no Brasil e no mundo. O município de Ribeirão Pires localiza-se na região do Grande ABC, a sudoeste do Estado de São Paulo, tendo a totalidade do seu pequeno território – 99 km2 – em área de mananciais, apresentando uma população de 107.046 habitantes, segundo dados oficiais. O objetivo do presente trabalho consistiu em realizar um diagnóstico da geração, coleta e destinação final dos resíduos sólidos domiciliares no município de Ribeirão Pires, além de verificar quais são as políticas e projetos da Prefeitura para essa área de atuação, e avaliar o sistema atual de coleta seletiva e triagem da cidade. Inicialmente, realizou-se uma revisão de bibliografia específica, consulta a trabalhos de pesquisa realizados por órgãos federais, estaduais e municipais, levantamento de dados e informações junto aos órgãos responsáveis pela administração dos resíduos sólidos, aplicação de entrevistas e questionários à parte técnica dos órgãos públicos relacionados diretamente com as atividades de coleta, tratamento e destinação final de resíduos sólidos domiciliares, além da visita à cooperativa de reciclagem. Após estas atividades, o material e os dados coletados foram analisados e sistematizados para gerar informações e conhecimento que contribuem... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

Laserterapia em lesões de coluna na Medicina Veterinária

Lasertherapy is a method of non-pharmacological treatment and surgery that can be used in several injuries and in various tissues, from bone fractures to tendonitis, skin wounds and damaged nerves, permitting the recovery of these structures and their functions without causing any side effects. Laser therapy aims to restore patients that suffered various injuries, such as bone fracture, inflammation, edema, tendon rupture, spinal cord injury, among others, without invasive intervention, and the results obtained in several studies and case reports have proven the high potential of this therapy to become an official treatment of various pathological changes

Desenvolvimento e caracterização de microemulsões contendo fluconazol para o tratamento da Leishmaniose tegumentar

A leishmaniose tegumentar é causada pela picada da fêmea dos insetos flebotomíneos. As lesões podem evoluir de pápulas para úlceras, que apresentam fundo granuloso e bordas infiltradas, as quais são indolores, podendo ser únicas ou múltiplas. Trata-se de uma doença negligenciada e o investimento em seu tratamento é desprezível. Até hoje, são empregados no tratamento medicamentos a base de antimonial pentavalente, além de outros fármacos como pentamidina, anfotericina B, paromomicina, imidazoquinolina, antifúngicos, como o fluconazol (FLU). As microemulsões (MEs) melhorarem a solubilidade e estabilidade dos fármacos, além de proporcionarem ação prolongada, vetorização diferenciada para determinados tecidos ou órgãos do organismo. Este trabalho teve como objetivos desenvolver e caracterizar MEs contendo FLU, caracterizar estruturalmente por meio de análises de microscopia de luz polarizada, análise do tamanho das gotículas, análise do perfil de textura e avaliação da bioadesão. Para o estudo de estabilidade foram empregados ensaios de avaliação visual e determinação do pH. Quanto aos ensaios biológicos in vitro, foram realizados ensaios colorimétricos das amostras visando verificar se o sistema desenvolvido permite a potencialização do poder leishmanicida do FLU contra as formas promastigotas da Leishmania amazonensis. Pelo diagrama de fases observou fases líquido-cristalinas confirmadas pela microscopia de luz polarizada, e foram selecionadas três formulações: uma SLT e duas SVT. Todos os ensaios de caracterização estrutural para a F2 sofreu variação quando acrescentou o fármaco, exceto para o potencial zeta, difração de raios X e bioadesão. Não houve alteração no ensaio estabilidade físico-química no período analisado. Os ensaios biológicos in vitro evidenciaram, nas condições metodológicas, inefetividade do sistema contra as formas promastigotas de L. amazonensis

Platinosomíase em felinos domésticos: um diferencial para obstrução biliar

The platinosomiase is a disease the hepatobiliary system of domestic felines being caused by trematode Platynosomum fastosum. The life cycle of the parasite includes the presence of three intermediate hosts (snails, terrestrial isopodes, lizards or frogs). The cat is considered definitive host of the parasite and acquires the infection eating a vertebrate intermediate host containing metacercariae. The adult parasites generally inhabit the liver, gallbladder and bile ducts of cats. The severity of clinical manifestations depends mainly on the number of flukes in the biliary tract. Many animals are asymptomatic or exhibit nonspecific clinical manifestations such as anorexia, lethargy, weight loss, vomiting and diarrhea. In large infestations can occur biliary obstruction resulting in jaundice, cirrhosis, hepatitis cholangiohepatitis and even death. The definitive diagnosis is accomplished through by the detection of fluke eggs in feces or through laparotomy and liver biopsy. Treatment should be based on the use of anthelmintic for the elimination of the parasite and supportive therapy for the animal. Prevention is difficult due to predatory nature of the cat. The control can be accomplished through periodic fecal examinations

Diagnóstico dos resíduos gerados nas oficinas mecânicas de veículos automotivos do município de São Carlos-SP

The mechanical garages do varied types to activities related to the reparation from vehicles such as change from Motor oil, change and cleaning from car pieces, motor rectification, among others. These activities generate different kinds of waste and wastewater that when disposed in an inappropriate way can pollute the environmentand cause risks to the public health. Despite the environmental issues that involves these enterprises, they aren´t object of environmental licensing and there are any rules that regularizes their activities with the goal of these possible environmental impacts mitigation. The environmental diagnosis proposed by the present work has as goal the knowledge of the possible environmental aspects and their effects in the environment, for establishing control measures and from that to generate subsidy for environmental normatization of the sector in the municipal level. Furthermore, it should also define practices as waste production reduction, separation of them at the generator source and convenient final disposal, as well as wastewater production reduction and treatment of them before its launching in the wastewater network. The environmental diagnosis was based on a survey realized in garages from the city of São Carlos – SP, in order to define the more important characteristics of this activity that are related to the environment and public health. From the obtained information from the survey and the interpretation of the data, subsidy for the municipal environment management of the mechanical garages were generated.

Estudo in vitro da anatomia das projeções de esmalte cervical em dentes molares

The cervical enamel projection (CEP) is an anatomic variation that can be found in the cement enamel junction, it´s recognition and early diagnosis improves outcome the tooth involved, allowing greater efficiency in treatment. The knowledge of the location, grade and incidence of CEP is decisive on prevention and treatment of periodontal disease. It were studied 1200 molars (600 mandibular molars and 600 maxillary molars) separated from the collection of teeth on the Discipline of Anatomy in FOSJCampos - UNESP. Each group of 600 teeth was separated from the second side (300 teeth) and the second type (first, second or third molar). Each tooth had thoroughly inspected the cervical region, in all their faces, in order to verify the incidence and the grade of CEP in each surface. It was found that the CEP covered in 278 (23,17%) teeth was 146 (52,52%) mandibular molars and 132 (47,48%) maxillary molars. The CEPs were concentrated on a tooth surface in 222 (79,86%) teeth, in two surfaces 53 (19,06%) teeth, and in three surfaces in three (1,08%) teeth. From the total of 4.800 surfaces examined the CEPs were found in 337 surfaces, and 228 (67,66%) surfaces of the grade I, 60 (17,8%) grade II and 49 (14,54%) grade III. The buccal surface presented 207 (61,42%) CEP, the lingual surface in 57 (16,91%), the mesial surface in 35 (10,39%) and the distal surface in 38 (11,28%) CEP. The results of this study demonstrated that the CEPs have focused more on the mandibular teeth on only one surface of the tooth, the grade I was the most found and the buccal surface the most involved

Modelos de tratamento para adenocarcinomas de próstata tratados por radioterapia conformacional 3D

Radiotherapy is a branch of medical physics related to the treatment of malignant neoplasm, being an important instrument in the fight against cancer, when combined with the effort of a multidisciplinary team, composed of, physicians, physicists, nurses and technicians. Every year more than 3.5 million new cases of cancer are recorded in the world, being the prostate cancer responsible for approximately 25% of this amount (INCA and IARC, 2008). In this type of cancer, radiotherapy is a method indicated for treatement. The technological advance in this area over years has allowed a greater accuracy in the tumor location, more conformation of the radiation beam around the tumor, reducing the dose in healthy tissues and a consequent dose increase on treatment (Bedford et al., 1999). A radiotherapy planning, in which the physicist develops an important role, is composed of several steps, including choosing the best configuration of treatment beams. This choice has a close relationship with success of therapy and is critical to achieve the best distribution of dose inside the tumor and expose the least as possible the healthy tissue to radiation. In this work, two options for setting up camps in the first phase in a treatment of prostate cancer were simulated in computer planning: 4 fields orthogonal or “Box” with gantry angles in 00, 1800, 2700 e 90° and 4 fields angled or “X” (1350, 450, 3150 e 2250). The percentage of the rectal volume exposed to 40, 50, 60, 72 and 76 Gy should be limited to 60, 50, 25, 15 and 5% respectively (Greco et al., 2003). The femoral toxicity have limited dose by 70% of the total dose prescribed in a prostate treatment (Bedford et al., 1999). The planning of 27 patients with prostate adenocarcinoma submitted to 3D conformal radiotherapy were accompanied. As a result, it was assessed that the best TCP (tumor control probability)... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Terapia fotodinâmica e luz branca: aspectos analíticos e perspectivas da viabilidade do tratamento

Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) is a technique used to treat several types of lesions, such as cancer, microbial control, and esthetic dentistry cases. The performance of PDT involves the use of a photosensitizer (PS), which mainly will be located in cancer cells and is irradiated with visible light. This process, when it occurs in the presence of oxygen triggers the formation of reactive oxygen species that are cytotoxic to cells. These species cause cell death and subsequent tumor necrosis. The use of white light as a light source for multispectral Photodynamic Therapy and its consequences to the photodynamic effect is not yet completely established, and therefore there is interest in studying the parameters involved for analyzing the best conditions for applying treatment. The wavelength is crucial to improve the therapeutic effect, since both the optical properties of the biological tissue as the PS depend on these parameters. For FS studied in this work (Photogem®) are most often used wavelengths in the red region, due to their larger penetration depth in biological tissue. Thus, the light source becomes a fundamental aspect, their choice depends on the specific application and is based on the tumor location, light dose to be delivered and FS chosen. Despite all the advantages presented by lasers, the fact of having an emission spectrum essentially monochrome makes only one possible transition possible for the absorption of FS is used. Therefore, more extensive light sources such as light emitting diodes (LED), could be better used in some cases the laser, with the additional advantage of a reduced cost. Therefore, the choice of the white LED comes from an emission spectrum that still wider LED colors defined by allowing greater use of the several absorption bands and with varying depths of operation, according to the wavelength... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Pneumonias em Bovinos Neonatos

Pneumonia is a respiratory disease that most affects the cattle, especially calves, which according to their anatomical and physiological characteristics are more susceptible to respiratory diseases compared to other large mammals. Therefore, prevention of pneumonia is a key factor to minimize the possible economic losses generated by the early involvement of a calf by these diseases, which can cause a decrease in animal development. Despite the multifactorial etiology and classification on the types of pneumonia is still subject of discussion, most pneumonias are in three categories: bronchopneumonia, interstitial pneumonia and metastatic pneumonia, the first being the most important among them. Clinical signs vary with the cause, but are classified as medical conditions ranging since subclinical to clinically irreversible. Treatment depends on the clinical experience and can associate drugs for alleviating the symptoms with anti-inflammatories and antibiotics. Thus, premature diagnosis is directly linked to prognosis, treatment costs and spread of the disease

Utilização da ultrassonografia transcuneal como auxílio no diagnóstico da síndrome do navicular em eqüinos

The equine locomotors system alterations are very frequent and corresponds a large portion of cases in equine medicine. The most equine veterinarian’s challenge is to do a precise diagnosis of lameness cause to perform a specific and proper treatment as early as possible. The navicular syndrome is considered responsible for one third of lameness causes and, although much studied, its etiology is still not fully understood. The most varied methods of diagnosis, such as x-ray, magnetic resonance, bursography, scintigraphy, computed tomography and ultrasound, have been used to assess podotrochlear apparatus situation in order to diagnose this syndrome. Among them transcuneal ultrasound can be used to observe some important structures such as the flexor surface of distal sesamoid bone, distal deep digital flexor tendon, distal sesamoid ligament entheses odd and the distal phalanx. The aim of this present paper is provide a brief review on the use and the technique of ultrasonography on third phalanx transcuneal region evaluation and its interpretation on navicular syndrome diagnosis in horses