Mémoire de la disparition : "Récits d’Ellis Island", l’album

Compte rendu de l'album « Récits d'Ellis Island : histoires d'errance et d'espoir » (POL, 1994).

Effets de la stimulation magnétique transcrânienne dans la maladie de Parkinson avec déficits cognitifs légers

Beaucoup de patients atteints de la maladie de Parkinson (MP) peuvent souffrir de troubles cognitifs dès les étapes initiales de la maladie et jusqu’à 80% d’entre eux vont développer une démence. Des altérations fonctionnelles au niveau du cortex préfrontal dorsolatéral (CPFDL), possiblement en relation avec le noyau caudé, seraient à l’origine de certains de ces déficits cognitifs. Des résultats antérieurs de notre groupe ont montré une augmentation de l’activité et de la connectivité dans la boucle cortico-striatale cognitive suite à la stimulation magnétique transcrânienne (SMT) utilisant des paramètres « theta burst » intermittent (iTBS) sur le CPFDL gauche. Pour cette étude, 24 patients atteints de la MP avec des troubles cognitifs ont été séparées en 2 groupes : le groupe iTBS active (N=15) et le groupe sham (stimulation simulée, N=9). Une batterie neuropsychologique détaillée évaluant cinq domaines cognitifs (attention, fonctions exécutives, langage, mémoire et habiletés visuo-spatiales) a été administrée lors des jours 1, 8, 17 et 37. Le protocole iTBS a été appliqué sur le CPFDL gauche durant les jours 2, 4 et 7. Les scores z ont été calculés pour chaque domaine cognitif et pour la cognition globale. Les résultats ont montré une augmentation significative de la cognition globale jusqu’à 10 jours suivant l’iTBS active, particulièrement au niveau de l’attention, des fonctions exécutives et des habiletés visuo-spatiales. Cet effet sur la cognition globale n’est pas répliqué dans le groupe sham. Ces résultats suggèrent donc que l’iTBS peut moduler la performance cognitive chez les patients atteints de MP avec des déficits cognitifs.

Overtone Spectra of 1,2-Dichloro-And Dibromo-Ethanes in the Near Infrared Region

The vibrational overtone spectra 0f the liquid phase 1,2-dichloroethane and 1,2-dibromoethane in the spectral regions of CH stretching local mode overtones corresponding to delta v CH= = 2 to delta v CH=5 are reported. The observed spectral features are assigned using the local mode model. LocaI mode frequencies WCH and diagonal local mode anharmonicities XCH are obtained from an analysis of the spectra. The local-local combinations observed are interpreted on the basis of a coupled CH oscillator model hamiltonian. Local-normal combinations show complex structures and their possible assignments are given.

Studies on the macrobenthos of mudbanks of Southwest cost of India

The present study was undsrtaken.with the objectives to assess the distribution and density of population of benthic animals with special reference to macrofauna from the south west coast of India from ' Malippursa 1 in the north to Alleppey in the south, to evaluate significant difference, if any, in the number and distribution of animals in th md bank regions and other intermittent stations, to examine the influence of bottom stability on the distribution of fauna, to observe the effect of the environmental parameters on the distribution pattern of nacrofauna, and to evaluate the nature and depthpwise distribution of the benthic fishery. The region selected for the investigation is one of the nest important fishing grounds in India for bottom fishing especially for prawns, covering a distance of about 60 kns in length.total number of thirty stations in five transects at right angles to the coast, each consisting of six stations were surveyed. The six stations in a transect were at depths of 5 m, 10m, 20:, 30:, 35m and 45m respectively formation of the Iudbanke, popularly known as 'Ghaknra' in the local language, is a peculiar phenomenon along the ooaet of Kerala and provides a good fishing ground.quantitative distribution of the mecrofauna chewed that the maximum number of organism was near the 35 n contour line in the first three profiles whereas in the fourth and fifth profiles it was at 20 n and 30 m depth respectively. The density of the fauna wee comparatively poor in shallow water etatione at depths 5-‘IO M.was a general decline in the numerical abundance and biomass of the bottom fauna in all the stations during the monsoon period. There has been very little yearly change in the composition of the fauna during the two years‘ study.

Texture, composition and provinance of innershelf sediments between Narakkal and Purakkad, Kerala with special reference to the formation of Mud Banks

The continental shelf of southwest coast of India (Kerala) is broader and . flatter compared to that of the east coast. The unique characteristic feature of the study area (innershelf between Narakkal and Purakkad) is the intermittent appearance of 'mud banks' at certain locations during southwest monsoon. The strong seasonality manifests significant changes in the wind, waves, currents, rainfall, drainage etc., along this area. Peculiar geomorphological variation with high, mid and lowlands in the narrow strip of the hinterland, the geological formations mainly consisting of rocks of metamorphic origin and the humid tropical weathering conditions play significant role in regulating the shelf sedimentation. A complementary pattern of distri bution is observed for clay that shows an abundance in the nearshore. Silt, to a major extent, depicts semblance with clay distribution . Summation of the total asymmetry of grain size distribution are inferred from the variation of skewness and kurtosis.Factor I implies a low energy regime where the transportation and deposition phases are controlled mostly by pelagic suspension process as the factor loadings are dominant on finer phi sizes. The second Factor is inferred to be the result of a high energy regime which gives higher loadings on coarser size fractions. The third Factor which might be a transition phase (medium energy regime) representing the resultant flux of coastal circulation of the re-suspension/deposition and an onshoreoffshore advection by reworking and co-deposition of relict and modern sediments. The spatial variations of the energy regime based on the three end-member factor model exhibits high energy zone in the seaward portion transcending to a low energy one towards the coast.From the combined analysis of granulometry and SEM studies, it is concluded that the sandy patches beyond 20 m depth are of relict nature. They are the resultant responses of beach activity during the lower stand of sea level in the Holocene. Re-crystallisation features on the quartz grains indicate that they were exposed to subaerial weathering process subsequent to thei r deposition

Gill Nets of Kerala

The fishing industry the world over is passing through a critical situation.The landings of marine fishes seemed to have reached saturation in major fishing areas of the world.As a general rule fisheries employing fishing gear and techniques used by small scale and artisanal fishermen either from shore or from onboard small fishing craft come under small-scale fisheries.This study on gill nets of Kerala, the fishing method depended upon by maximum fishermen of the state focuses on the importance of this selective and low energy fishing method in the marine fishing sector of the state.The study opens with the conceptual framework by briefly reviewing the crisis in the marine fisheries sector. Maximum fishermen depend upon gill net, which is, an important selective and low energy fishing gear. A review of relevant literature on aspects such as material, selectivity and techno-economic efficiency together with scope and main objectives of the study form the major part of the compass of the introductory chapter.This survey provided the inputs for selection of centres. The chapter presents the basis for selection of sample centres, sample units and methodology for field and experimental study.The subject matter of the fourth chapter is a basic study on gear aterials. The weathering resistance, which is an important criterion to assess the material performance, was studied for polyamide monofilament in comparison to polyamide multifilament and polyethylene twisted monofilament.The study provides supporting evidence of oxidation and characteristic C-O stretching in polyethylene and cyclic lactam .formation and presence of OH in polyamide.The study indicates that small mesh gill netting can be encouraged as a selective fishing method in the inshore waters with restrained use of 30 and 32 mm mesh sizes. The economic efficiency was assessed using standard indices such as rate of return, internal rate of return, pay back period, fishery income, energy efficiency and factor productivity. The effect of size and cost of capital and cost of production on the economics of operation is also discussed in this chapter. It was observed that level of technology did not have direct effect on economic performance.

Influence of the driving mechanism on the response of systems with athermal dynamics: The example of the random-field Ising model

We investigate the influence of the driving mechanism on the hysteretic response of systems with athermal dynamics. In the framework of local mean-field theory at finite temperature (but neglecting thermally activated processes), we compare the rate-independent hysteresis loops obtained in the random field Ising model when controlling either the external magnetic field H or the extensive magnetization M. Two distinct behaviors are observed, depending on disorder strength. At large disorder, the H-driven and M-driven protocols yield identical hysteresis loops in the thermodynamic limit. At low disorder, when the H-driven magnetization curve is discontinuous (due to the presence of a macroscopic avalanche), the M-driven loop is reentrant while the induced field exhibits strong intermittent fluctuations and is only weakly self-averaging. The relevance of these results to the experimental observations in ferromagnetic materials, shape memory alloys, and other disordered systems is discussed.

Spatio-Temporal Changes in the Wetland Ecosystem of Cochin City using Remote Sensing and GIS

Urban developments have exerted immense pressure on wetlands. Urban areas are normally centers of commercial activity and continue to attract migrants in large numbers in search of employment from different areas. As a result, habitations keep coming up in the natural areas / flood plains. This is happening in various Indian cities and towns and large habitations are coming up in low-lying areas, often encroaching even over drainage channels. In some cases, houses are constructed even on top of nallahs and drains. In the case of Kochi the situation is even worse as the base of the urban development itself stands on a completely reclaimed island. Also the topography and geology demanded more reclamation of land when the city developed as an agglomerative cluster. Cochin is a coastal settlement interspersed with a large backwater system and fringed on the eastern side by laterite-capped low hills from which a number of streams drain into the backwater system. The ridge line of the eastern low hills provides a welldefined watershed delimiting Cochin basin which help to confine the environmental parameters within a physical limit. This leads to an obvious conclusion that if physiography alone is considered, the western flatland is ideal for urban development. However it will result in serious environmental deterioration, as it comprises mainly of wetland and for availability of land there has to be large scale filling up of these wetlands which includes shallow mangrove-fringed water sheets, paddy fields, Pokkali fields, estuary etc.Chapter 1 School 4 of Environmental Studies The urban boundaries of Cochin are expanding fast with a consequent over-stretching of the existing fabric of basic amenities and services. Urbanisation leads to the transformation of agricultural land into built-up areas with the concomitant problems regarding water supply, drainage, garbage and sewage disposal etc. Many of the environmental problems of Cochin are hydrologic in origin; like water-logging / floods, sedimentation and pollution in the water bodies as well as shoreline erosion

Raman and infrared spectral analysis of thallium niobyl phosphates: Tl2NbO2PO4, Tl3NaNb4O9(PO4)2 and TlNbOP2O7

Raman and infrared spectra of Tl2NbO2PO4, Tl3NaNb4O9(PO4)2 and TlNbOP2O7 are reported. The observed bands are assigned in terms of vibrations of NbO6 octahedra and PO4 tetrahedra in the first two compounds and in terms of NbO6 octahedra and P2O7 4− anion in the third compound. The NbO6 octahedra in all the title compounds are found to be corner-shared and distorted. The higher wavenumber values of the ν1 (NbO6) mode and other stretching modes indicate that the NbO6 octahedra in them are distorted in the order TlNbOP2O7 > Tl2NbO2PO4 > Tl3NaNb4O9(PO4)2. The splitting of the ν3 (PO4) mode indicates that PO4 tetrahedra is distorted more in Tl2NbO2PO4 than in Tl3NaNb4O9(PO4)2. The symmetry of P2O7 4− anion in TlNbOP2O7 is lowered. Bands indicate that the P–O–P bridge in the above compound has a bent P–O–P bridge configuration

Infrared and polarized Raman spectra of Cu(HSeO3)2 • H20 single crystal

Infrared and polarized Raman spectra of Cu(HSeO3) 2 - H20 single crystal have been recorded and analysed. The appearance of non-degenerate Se-OH stretching vibrations in the ~x: and ~y: polarizations of Raman spectra indicate distortion of the HSeO~- ion in the Cu(HSeO3)2 - H20 crystal. The low wavenumber values obtained for the symmetric and asymmetric stretching vibrations of the HSeO 3 ion are consistent with the strong hydrogen bonding and the influence of Jahn-Teller distortion as predicted in X-ray diffraction data. The shifting of the stretching and bending vibrations of the hydroxyl groups and water molecules from the free state values also confirms the strong hydrogen bonding in this crystal. Broad bands observed for both stretching and bending regions become sharp in the Raman spectrum recorded at 77 K. A doublet appears for the Se-OH stretching mode at this temperature indicating the settling of protons in an ordered position and the absence of intrabond proton tunnelling

Raman and FTIR spectra of [Cu(H2O)6](BrO3)2 and [Al(H2O)6](BrO3)3 · 3H2O

Raman and FTIR spectra of [Cu(H2O)6](BrO3)2 and [Al(H2O)6](BrO3)3 · 3H2O are recorded and analyzed. The observed bands are assigned on the basis of BrO3 − and H2O vibrations. Additional bands obtained in the region of 3 and 1 modes in [Cu(H2O)6](BrO3)2 are due to the lifting of degeneracy of 3 modes, since the BrO3 − ion occupies a site of lower symmetry. The appearance 1 mode of BrO3 − anion at a lower wavenumber (771 cm−1) is attributed to the attachment of hydrogen to the BrO3 − anion. The presence of three inequivalent bromate groups in the [Al(H2O)6](BrO3)3 · 3H2O structure is confirmed. The lifting of degeneracy of 4 mode indicates that the symmetry of BrO3 − anion is lowered in the above crystal from C3v to C1. The appearance of additional bands in the stretching and bonding mode regions of water indicates the presence of hydrogen bonds of different strengths in both the crystals. Temperature dependent Raman spectra of single crystal [Cu(H2O)6](BrO3)2 are recorded in the range 77–523 K for various temperatures. A small structural rearrangement takes place in BrO3 − ion in the crystal at 391 K. Hydrogen bounds in the crystal are rearranging themselves leading to the loss of one water molecule at 485 K. This is preceded by the reorientation of BrO3 − ions causing a phase transition at 447 K. Changes in intensities and wavenumbers of the bands and the narrowing down of the bands at 77 K are attributed to the settling down of protons into ordered positions in the crystal

Vibrational spectroscopic studies of FeClMoO4, Na2MoO4 and Na2MoO4·2H2O:D2O

FTIR and Raman spectra of FeClMoO4 single crystal and polycrystalline Na2MoO4, Na2MoO4·2H2O and Na2MoO4·2D2O are recorded and analysed. The band positions for different modes suggest that MoO4 tetrahedron is more distorted in FeClMoO4. The larger splitting observed for the bending modes and partial retention of degeneracy of the asymmetric stretching mode indicate that angular distortion is greater than liner distortion in MoO4 2 ion in FeClMoO4 confirming x-ray data. The non-appearance of the n1 and n2 modes in the IR and partial retention of the degeneracies of various modes show that MoO4 2 ion retains Td symmetry in Na2MoO4. Wavenumber values of the n1 mode indicate that the distortion of MoO4 tetrahedra in the four crystals are in the order FeClMoO4\ Na2MoO4·2H2O\Na2MoO4·2D2O\Na2MoO4. The water bands suggest the presence of two crystallographically distinct water molecules in Na2MoO4·2H2O. They form strong hydrogen bonds

Anmerkungen zur Geschichte der hessischen Schul- und Unterrichtsinspektion

Die Inspektion von Schule und Unterricht hat eine lange Tradition. Auf der Grundlage von Dokumenten aus der hessischen Schulgeschichte wird gezeigt, dass anfänglich der einzelne Lehrer, sein sittliches Verhalten und insbesondere sein Umgang mit der unterrichtlichen Disziplin im Zentrum der Beobachtungen stand. Das moderne Inspektionswesen nutzt demgegenüber das sozialwissenschaftliche Instrumentarium um anstelle punktueller Erfolgskontrollen schulische und unterrichtliche Entwicklungsprozesse in ihrer Komplexität zu beobachten, zu beschreiben und zu bewerten.

River ecosystems at risk

Worldwide water managers are increasingly challenged to allocate sufficient and affordable water supplies to different water use sectors without further degrading river ecosystems and their valuable services to mankind. Since 1950 human population almost tripled, water abstractions increased by a factor of four, and the number of large dam constructions is about eight times higher today. From a hydrological perspective, the alteration of river flows (temporally and spatially) is one of the main consequences of global change and further impairments can be expected given growing population pressure and projected climate change. Implications have been addressed in numerous hydrological studies, but with a clear focus on human water demands. Ecological water requirements have often been neglected or addressed in a very simplistic manner, particularly from the large-scale perspective. With his PhD thesis, Christof Schneider took up the challenge to assess direct (dam operation and water abstraction) and indirect (climate change) impacts of human activities on river flow regimes and evaluate the consequences for river ecosystems by using a modeling approach. The global hydrology model WaterGAP3 (developed at CESR) was applied and further developed within this thesis to carry out several model experiments and assess anthropogenic river flow regime modifications and their effects on river ecosystems. To address the complexity of ecological water requirements the assessment is based on three main ideas: (i) the natural flow paradigm, (ii) the perception that different flows have different ecological functions, and (iii) the flood pulse concept. The thesis shows that WaterGAP3 performs well in representing ecologically relevant flow characteristics on a daily time step, and therefore justifies its application within this research field. For the first time a methodology was established to estimate bankfull flow on a 5 by 5 arc minute grid cell raster globally, which is a key parameter in eFlow assessments as it marks the point where rivers hydraulically connect to adjacent floodplains. Management of dams and water consumption pose a risk to floodplains and riparian wetlands as flood volumes are significantly reduced. The thesis highlights that almost one-third of 93 selected Ramsar sites are seriously affected by modified inundation patterns today, and in the future, inundation patterns are very likely to be further impaired as a result of new major dam initiatives and climate change. Global warming has been identified as a major threat to river flow regimes as rising temperatures, declining snow cover, changing precipitation patterns and increasing climate variability are expected to seriously modify river flow regimes in the future. Flow regimes in all climate zones will be affected, in particular the polar zone (Northern Scandinavia) with higher river flows during the year and higher flood peaks in spring. On the other side, river flows in the Mediterranean are likely to be even more intermittent in the future because of strong reductions in mean summer precipitation as well as a decrease in winter precipitation, leading to an increasing number of zero flow events creating isolated pools along the river and transitions from lotic to lentic waters. As a result, strong impacts on river ecosystem integrity can be expected. Already today, large amounts of water are withdrawn in this region for agricultural irrigation and climate change is likely to exacerbate the current situation of water shortages.

Tratamiento de la ulcera venosa con escleroespuma versus manejo conservador

La úlcera venosa es una revelación clínica severa de la insuficiencia venosa crónica. Es la causa del 54-76% de las úlceras venosas de miembros inferiores. La ciencia médica ha generado diversos procedimientos en el manejo de esta patología, es así como a partir de conocimientos en fisiopatología de la ulceración venosa, se han aplicado procedimientos como opción de tratamiento. Objetivos: Valorar si el uso de rutina de la oclusión endoluminal con espuma guiada por ecografía del sistema venoso superficial insuficiente, en adicción al manejo convencional de la ulcera venosa (vendaje no compresivo, gasa vaselinada y curaciones) podría mejorar la tasa de curación a las 24 semanas de tratamiento. Diseño: Estudio clínico aleatorizado prospectivo de pacientes de la consulta externa de cirugía vascular del Hospital Occidente de Kennedy-Bogotá, durante el 01 de junio del 2011 hasta el 30 junio del 2012. Métodos: Un total de 44 pacientes con ulcera activa que cumplieron criterios de selección ingresaron al estudio, correspondientes a 48 extremidades con clasificación CEAP (C6), los pacientes fueron a aleatorizados a manejo convencional (control) o con manejo adicional de oclusión endoluminal con espuma eco-guiada. El objetivo principal fue el cierre de la ulcera a las 24 semanas. Resultados: La Curación de la ulcera a las 24 semanas de la aleatorización fue de 20 (83.3%) extremidades del grupo de oclusión endoluminal con espuma eco-guiada Vs 3(12.5%) para el grupo de control P: 0.0005 Discusión: Las tasas de curación de la ulcera luego de la oclusión endoluminal con espuma eco-guiada es muy superior al manejo convencional con curaciones y vendaje no compresivo, las tasa de curación son tan altas como las reportadas con sistemas de alta compresión y cirugía a las 24 semanas. La oclusión endoluminal eco-guiada es segura, mínimamente invasiva y clínicamente efectiva.