Transepidermal water loss and resting energy expenditure in preterm infants.

Skin water loss of preterm infants, nursed naked in incubators under thermoneutral conditions, was assessed by a method based on the measurement of water vapor pressure gradient close to the skin surface. The corresponding skin evaporative heat loss was calculated using an energy equivalent of 0.58 kcal/g water vaporised. During the first 5 weeks of life, 128 sets of measurements were made on 56 infants whose gestational age ranged from 28 to 37 weeks. In the first week of life, infants of less than 30 weeks of gestation had substantially higher transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and skin evaporative heat loss (skin EHL) (41.5 +/- 11.5 g/kg X day TEWL; 24.1 +/- 6.5 kcal/kg X day skin EHL) than infants of 34 weeks and greater (11.1 +/- 4.1 g/kg X day; 6.4 +/- 2.4 kcal/kg X day). Infants of 30-33 weeks of gestation had intermediate values (22.4 +/- 7.6 g/kg X day; 13 +/- 4.4 kcal/kg X day). From the third week of life on, TEWL was similar for all preterm infants, i.e. 14.2 +/- 2.6 to 12.7 +/- 1.9 g/kg X day and corresponds to skin EHL of 8.2 +/- 1.5 to 7.4 +/- 1.1 kcal/kg X day. There was a significant inverse relationship between gestational age and TEWL and also between postnatal age and TEWL. In an additional group of 7 preterm infants (30-34 weeks of gestation, mean postnatal age of 21 +/- 9 days) transepidermal water loss and energy expenditure were measured simultaneously. The skin evaporative heat loss (8.8 +/- 2.5 kcal/kg X day) accounted for 17 +/- 5% of energy expenditure (53.3 +/- 4.1 kcal/kg X day). This study emphasizes that in infants of less than 30 weeks of gestation, the transepidermal water loss is of great importance and makes a major contribution to water and heat balances.

B-1 Monthly Report of Medical Services Provided under Title XIX of the Social Security Act, July 2015

B-1 Medicaid Reports -- The monthly Medicaid series of eight reports provide summaries of Medicaid eligibles, recipients served, and total payments by county, category of service, and aid category. These reports may also be known as the B-1 Reports. These reports are each available as a PDF for printing or as a CSV file for data analysis. Report Report name IAMM1800-R001--Medically Needy by County - No Spenddown and With Spenddown; IAMM1800-R002--Total Medically Needy, All Other Medicaid, and Grand Total by County; IAMM2200-R002--Monthly Expenditures by Category of Service; IAMM2200-R003--Fiscal YTD Expenditures by Category of Service; IAMM3800-R001--ICF & ICF-MR Vendor Payments by County; IAMM4400-R001--Monthly Expenditures by Eligibility Program; IAMM4400-R002--Monthly Expenditures by Category of Service by Program; IAMM4600-R002--Elderly Waiver Summary by County.

Internacionalismo y propaganda por el hecho en la España del XIX

Definir el anarquismo supone hablar de un horizonte ideológico profundamente dispar quenos obliga a considerarlo en plural. Sería erróneo, pues, tratarlo como un pensamientouniforme y homogéneo precisamente por las premisas que lo constituye. El desprecio a laautoridad, su crítica sentimental de la sociedad y sus utópicos objetivos —que no por elloirrealizables— componen el marco común en el que se postulan diversas doctrinas. Pero,pese a su diversidad, ¿cómo conciliar el hecho de que un pensamiento político cuyas basesfilosóficas se sustentan en la fe en el progreso científico, el pacifismo o la bondad naturaldel hombre adoptara la propaganda por el hecho como vehículo de sus protestas y germende la revolución social? Es precisamente la moral anarquista la que, en su juicio de lahumanidad, cree en la necesidad de erigir una sociedad al margen de las instituciones yaexistentes.

Transformação genética de laranja 'Valência' com o gene cecropin MB39

O objetivo deste trabalho foi obter plantas transgênicas de laranja 'Valência' com o gene cecropin MB39 controlado pelo promotor do gene da fenilalanina-amônia-liase de citros, visando a expressão gênica específica nos vasos do xilema. A transformação genética foi realizada via Agrobacterium tumefaciens por meio do co-cultivo de segmentos de epicótilo. Onze plantas transgênicas foram identificadas por PCR, pela amplificação do fragmento esperado de 189 pb, as quais foram aclimatizadas em casa de vegetação. A integração do transgene foi confirmada em três plantas pela análise de transferência de Southern.

B-1 Monthly Report of Medical Services Provided under Title XIX of the Social Security Act, August 2015

B-1 Medicaid Reports -- The monthly Medicaid series of eight reports provide summaries of Medicaid eligibles, recipients served, and total payments by county, category of service, and aid category. These reports may also be known as the B-1 Reports. These reports are each available as a PDF for printing or as a CSV file for data analysis. Report Report name IAMM1800-R001--Medically Needy by County - No Spenddown and With Spenddown; IAMM1800-R002--Total Medically Needy, All Other Medicaid, and Grand Total by County; IAMM2200-R002--Monthly Expenditures by Category of Service; IAMM2200-R003--Fiscal YTD Expenditures by Category of Service; IAMM3800-R001--ICF & ICF-MR Vendor Payments by County; IAMM4400-R001--Monthly Expenditures by Eligibility Program; IAMM4400-R002--Monthly Expenditures by Category of Service by Program; IAMM4600-R002--Elderly Waiver Summary by County.

In & Out – 180 habitatges per a gent jove i gent gran Camí Antic de València al Poblenou

Estratègies d’ordenació: L’ordenació proposada vol recollir la hibridesa i complexitat d’espais típica del Poble Nou. Caracteritzat pels espais lliures de mida intermèdia –a cavall entre els dels teixits i els del eixamples – i per la riquesa en les seves articulacions (mitjançant passatges, a través d’edificis,…) ; per la permeabilitat cap a l’interior de l’illa: la connexió dels buits interiors amb els carrers i espais públics annexes o per la variabilitat del gra edificat.És per això que l’edificació no s’entén com una sèrie de blocs aïllats sinó que està concebuda com una gran peça articulada, amb una alçada constant en el volum a carrer i una lleugera variabilitat volumètrica en altura en els diferents volums interiors de igual mòdul i de gra menor, homòleg al del seu context urbà més pròxim.És essencial al projecte la definició de l’espai buit interior de l’illa en relació als habitatges, i la seva relació –a una escala major- amb els espais lliures de l’entorn. L’ordenació proposada configura dos paisatges diferents: un pati més urbà, delimitat en planta baixa per un equipament del barri i al que s’hi aboquen els habitatges per a joves i un altre més tranquil i més tou, un jardí per als més grans, accessible des del carrer i des de l’espai públic contiguEl volum més llarg afegeix una nova inflexió a les que ja té el carrer, ampliant-lo amb un espai amb funció de vestíbul i recuperant així, a partir d’una traça parcel•laria històrica, la direcció de l’Eixample.Els diferents volums es relacionen/articulen mitjançant corredors i espais col•lectius de distintes mesures i qualitats. Espais de relació, de dimensió variable, en diferents situacions relatives –respecte al ple, al sòl- i amb distints caràcters, que van del privat al públic...passant pel col•lectiu.Les galeries i els corredors d'accés als habitatges, protagonistes d'aquests espais híbrids (privats-semiprivats-col•lectius/ interiors-exteriors/ tancats-oberts), es converteixen gràcies a la flexibilitat en el tancament de la unitat d'habitació en espais d'intercanvi, on la variabilitat en l'ús permet diferents apropiacions de l'espai col•lectiu.La superposició en altura d'aquests espais funciona com una estructura lleugera adossada a la façana, és una epidermis complexa amb aparença de bastida.L’edificació té la voluntat de tancar-se a carrer amb una façana poc perforada, que llisca indiferent al carrer, i d’obrir-se a l’interior de l’illa, a sud, on es torna complexa, amb successives pells i tamisos...

Escala d'Intensitat dels Suports per a Infants i Adolescents : resultados de la prueba piloto

La actual concepción de discapacidad intelectual, de acuerdo con la American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (AAIDD), pone de manifiesto que la implementación de apoyos adecuados mejora el funcionamiento individual de las personas con discapacidad intelectual (DI). Con el fin de valorar las necesidades de apoyo que los niños y adolescentes con DI manifiestan en su vida cotidiana y, a partir de dicho conocimiento facilitar la elaboración de planes de apoyo individualizados, actualmente un grupo de trabajo internacional liderado por la propia AAIDD, entre los que se encuentra el grupo Discapacitat i Qualitat de Vida: Aspectes Educatius, está desarrollando la Supports Intensity Scale (SIS) for Children. El objetivo del presente artículo es dar a conocer el proceso de adaptación transcultural de la SIS for Children al contexto catalán, así como algunos resultados obtenidos en la prueba piloto que se ha llevado a cabo con una muestra de 33 niños y adolescentes de Cataluña, los cuales destacan la fiabilidad y validez del instrumento. Finalmente, el trabajo de validación de la escala actualmente en proceso, permitirá a los profesionales planificar y supervisar planes individualizados dirigidos a la promoción de experiencias de inclusión educativa y de integración a la comunidad.

Sobre l'adopció internacional. L'ús de la imatge dels nens i nenes i el 'mercadeig'

L'adopció internacional és una de les manifestacions de l'acolliment que més desenvolupament ha tingut darrerament al nostre país. I s'ha demostrat com una de les estratègies d'optimització de la vida de molts infants. En aquesta col·laboració es fa un recorregut pel fet de l'adopció i la seva vessant internacional per acabar analitzant algunes pràctiques i la seva adequació al respecte dels drets dels infants. Això ens col·loca davant de situacions en les que, des de la mirada jurídica i ètica, potser no s'estigui assegurant de manera efectiva l'interès superior de l'infant'

B-1 Monthly Report of Medical Services Provided under Title XIX of the Social Security Act, September 2015

B-1 Medicaid Reports -- The monthly Medicaid series of eight reports provide summaries of Medicaid eligibles, recipients served, and total payments by county, category of service, and aid category. These reports may also be known as the B-1 Reports. These reports are each available as a PDF for printing or as a CSV file for data analysis. Report Report name IAMM1800-R001--Medically Needy by County - No Spenddown and With Spenddown; IAMM1800-R002--Total Medically Needy, All Other Medicaid, and Grand Total by County; IAMM2200-R002--Monthly Expenditures by Category of Service; IAMM2200-R003--Fiscal YTD Expenditures by Category of Service; IAMM3800-R001--ICF & ICF-MR Vendor Payments by County; IAMM4400-R001--Monthly Expenditures by Eligibility Program; IAMM4400-R002--Monthly Expenditures by Category of Service by Program; IAMM4600-R002--Elderly Waiver Summary by County.

B-1 Monthly Report of Medical Services Provided under Title XIX of the Social Security Act, October 2015

B-1 Medicaid Reports -- The monthly Medicaid series of eight reports provide summaries of Medicaid eligibles, recipients served, and total payments by county, category of service, and aid category. These reports may also be known as the B-1 Reports. These reports are each available as a PDF for printing or as a CSV file for data analysis. Report Report name IAMM1800-R001--Medically Needy by County - No Spenddown and With Spenddown; IAMM1800-R002--Total Medically Needy, All Other Medicaid, and Grand Total by County; IAMM2200-R002--Monthly Expenditures by Category of Service; IAMM2200-R003--Fiscal YTD Expenditures by Category of Service; IAMM3800-R001--ICF & ICF-MR Vendor Payments by County; IAMM4400-R001--Monthly Expenditures by Eligibility Program; IAMM4400-R002--Monthly Expenditures by Category of Service by Program; IAMM4600-R002--Elderly Waiver Summary by County.

Antecedentes de los grandes proyectos de irrigación en el llanto del Alto Ampurdán. La opción fracasada de los grandes regadíos catalanes del siglo XIX

Durante el siglo XIX se ejecutan en Catalunya proyectos de grandes regadíos en las tierras con mejores aptitudes para ello, como son las de la Depresión Central leridana, las del delta del Ebro o las del Bajo Llobregat. La excepción será la llanura del Ampurdán, concretamente, su mitad norte. No obstante, la profusión de intentos es elevada, aunque ninguno dará resultados prácticos hasta los años 60 del siglo XX. Esto ha reforzado su desconocimiento y, mediante el artículo, se quiere paliar este déficit. En primer lugar, se repasan algunos de los viajeros y eruditos que, entre los siglos XVII y XIX, facilitaron datos sobre los riegos existentes y algunas propuestas para mejorarlos. A continuación se analizarán los tres intentos más significativos para ampliarlos durante la segunda mitad del XIX. Se abordarán sus objetivos, sus peculiaridades, sus promotores, los discursos que los justificaron y los motivos de su fracaso

B-1 Monthly Report of Medical Services Provided under Title XIX of the Social Security Act, November 2015

B-1 Medicaid Reports -- The monthly Medicaid series of eight reports provide summaries of Medicaid eligibles, recipients served, and total payments by county, category of service, and aid category. These reports may also be known as the B-1 Reports. These reports are each available as a PDF for printing or as a CSV file for data analysis. Report Report name IAMM1800-R001--Medically Needy by County - No Spenddown and With Spenddown; IAMM1800-R002--Total Medically Needy, All Other Medicaid, and Grand Total by County; IAMM2200-R002--Monthly Expenditures by Category of Service; IAMM2200-R003--Fiscal YTD Expenditures by Category of Service; IAMM3800-R001--ICF & ICF-MR Vendor Payments by County; IAMM4400-R001--Monthly Expenditures by Eligibility Program; IAMM4400-R002--Monthly Expenditures by Category of Service by Program; IAMM4600-R002--Elderly Waiver Summary by County.

Organ volume measurements: comparison between MRI and autopsy findings in infants following sudden unexpected death.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the accuracy of a semiautomated 3D volume reconstruction method for organ volume measurement by postmortem MRI. METHODS: This prospective study was approved by the institutional review board and the infants' parents gave their consent. Postmortem MRI was performed in 16 infants (1 month to 1 year of age) at 1.5 T within 48 h of their sudden death. Virtual organ volumes were estimated using the Myrian software. Real volumes were recorded at autopsy by water displacement. The agreement between virtual and real volumes was quantified following the Bland and Altman's method. RESULTS: There was a good agreement between virtual and real volumes for brain (mean difference: -0.03% (-13.6 to +7.1)), liver (+8.3% (-9.6 to +26.2)) and lungs (+5.5% (-26.6 to +37.6)). For kidneys, spleen and thymus, the MRI/autopsy volume ratio was close to 1 (kidney: 0.87±0.1; spleen: 0.99±0.17; thymus: 0.94±0.25), but with a less good agreement. For heart, the MRI/real volume ratio was 1.29±0.76, possibly due to the presence of residual blood within the heart. The virtual volumes of adrenal glands were significantly underestimated (p=0.04), possibly due to their very small size during the first year of life. The percentage of interobserver and intraobserver variation was lower or equal to 10%, but for thymus (15.9% and 12.6%, respectively) and adrenal glands (69% and 25.9%). CONCLUSIONS: Virtual volumetry may provide significant information concerning the macroscopic features of the main organs and help pathologists in sampling organs that are more likely to yield histological findings.

Pneumocystis-carinii-Pneumonie bei Säuglingen mit vertikaler HIV-Infektion in der Schweiz [Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in infants with vertically acquired HIV infection in Switzerland]

OBJECTIVE: Review of incidence, clinical picture, therapy, and outcome of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) in infants with vertically-acquired HIV infection in Switzerland. METHODS: Inquiry among members of the Swiss Pediatrics AIDS Group, review of the data base of the Swiss Neonatal HIV Study and retrospective analysis of the charts from infants with PCP. RESULTS: Since 1986 PCP has been diagnosed in 10 out of 107 infants with vertically-acquired HIV infection. PCP occurred in 7 infants at the age of 3-6 months and in 3 at the age of 9-11 months. 4 infants showed symptoms related to HIV infection before developing PCP. Before the development of PCP, infection with HIV had been ascertained in 6 infants. In 2 the diagnosis was still unclear and in the 2 remaining the risk of HIV infection was not known. None of the infants was on primary prophylaxis against PCP. Signs and symptoms of PCP included cough and tachypnea (100%) as well as high fever up to 40 degrees C (90%). Transcutaneous oxygen saturation was 70-95%. Chest X-rays revealed interstitial infiltrates in 6 infants, localized infiltrates in 2 and interstitial as well as localized infiltrates in 2. The CD4+ cell count was, with one exception, < 1500/microliters, i.e. below the normal value for age. Side effects of high dose cotrimoxazole were noted in 6 patients. 5 infants required intubation and mechanical ventilation. 4 infants died due to PCP, including 3 of those who required intubation and mechanical ventilation. CONCLUSIONS: PCP in infants with vertically-acquired HIV infection preferentially occurs at the age of 3 to 6 months and is often lethal, especially in patients requiring intubation. Evaluation for HIV infection should be done as early as possible in order to introduce primary PCP prophylaxis in infants at risk for this opportunistic infection.