785 resultados para Impacto socio-ambiental
Resumo:
En este trabajo se propone investigar sobre las representaciones que tienen los habitantes de la localidad de Dock Sud ante la grave situación ambiental del área e indagar si han tenido la capacidad para formular estrategias y acciones comunes, en procura de una solución al problema ambiental. Para ello se analizarán los factores y características económicas y territoriales que propiciaron tal situación de riesgo ambiental, para poder así identificar y describir a los actores implicados y a sus estrategias de lucha. El interés en esta cuestión nace del hecho de que la zona que se quiere investigar es de alto riesgo ambiental por la instalación cercana del puerto y del polo petroquímico que contiene dársenas de inflamables y propano. Además por estar instalado en medio de una alta densidad poblacional y ocasionando gravísimos daños ambientales con impacto adverso en la salud de la gente, se han levantado voces solicitando la relocalización del mismo o de la población. Por ello y ante esta situación con este trabajo se tratará de explorar la actitud de los habitantes ante el peligro, identificar la existencia de formas organizativas cuyo propósito sea accionar para solucionar el problema ambiental e indagar acerca de cómo se fueron gestando esas organizaciones, cómo son las formas de participación, qué acciones se realizaron y con que resultados, y cuál es la situación organizativa actual
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Resiliência representa o processo dinâmico envolvendo a adaptação positiva no contexto de adversidade significativa. Estudos sobre o conceito têm aumentado com o advento da Psicologia Positiva, pelos potenciais efeitos na saúde e no desempenho dos trabalhadores. Outros conceitos importantes para a saúde circunscritos no escopo da Psicologia Positiva no contexto de trabalho são os de auto-eficácia, definida como crenças das pessoas sobre suas capacidades e/ou seu exercício de controle sobre os eventos que afetam sua vida e o de suporte social no trabalho, que compreende a percepção do quanto o contexto laborativo oferece apoio aos trabalhadores. Pouca literatura existe sobre resiliência no contexto de trabalho e nenhum estudo envolvendo os três construtos foi encontrado. Por isto, esta investigação analisou o impacto da auto-eficácia e da percepção de suporte social no trabalho sobre a resiliência de trabalhadores. Participaram 243 universitários trabalhadores da região metropolitana de São Paulo, com idade média de 23 anos (DP=6,2 anos), em sua maioria do sexo feminino (69,5%), cristãos (católicos=51,5%; protestantes=18,1%), atuantes em cargos de apoio administrativo e técnico (49,1%), oriundos de organizações de diversos ramos. Foi aplicado um questionário para coletar dados sócio-demográficos dos participantes e três escalas brasileiras válidas para medir a percepção de suporte social no trabalho (Escala de Percepção de Suporte Social no Trabalho EPSST), as crenças de auto-eficácia (Escala de Auto-eficácia Geral Percebida) e nível de resiliência (Escala de Resiliência de Connor-Davidson CD-RISC-10). Foram realizadas análises estatísticas exploratórias e descritivas, análises de regressão stepwise, análises de variância (ANOVA) e teste t para descrever participantes, variáveis e testar o modelo. Os dados revelaram que os universitários trabalhadores apresentam níveis de resiliência e auto-eficácia acima da média e de suporte social no trabalho, na média. Auto-eficácia se confirmou como preditor significativo de resiliência ao contrário dos três tipos de percepção de suporte social no trabalho (informacional, emocional e instrumental). Os achados indicaram a necessidade de aprofundamento sobre o tema e foi apontada a necessidade de novos estudos que auxiliem na compreensão dos resultados desta investigação.
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Garanhuns City, in Pernambuco, undergoes a rapid, polluting and non-organized urban development affecting its freshwater springs around the urban environment. These sources are of great importance to the district as well as to the hydrographic basin of the Mundaú River. In this view, this paper aims at analyzing the socio-environmental problems resulting from the urban expansion surrounding the Garanhuns’ sources. The study considers the social and environmental dynamics and follows the theoretical contributions of socio-environmental geography proposed by Mendonça’s Urban Environmental System methodological and theoretical model (2004), as well as the conceptual values of Santos’ space theory (2002a). The data treatment included bibliographical and documental research, evaluation of environmental impact, and water analysis. It revealed that Garanhuns possesses many local environmental traits favoring the coming out of freshwater springs and that these sources have played an important role in the making and development of that village. The environmental impacts on freshwater springs, like Olho D’água, Bom Pastor, Vila Maria, Pau Amarelo and Pau Pombo have been evaluated through the environmental impact score IIAN. It put alight serious cases of socio-environmental impacts on the dynamics of the freshwater springs. In the period of April 2013 and April 2014, it monitored the superficial water quality expelled by the Pau Pombo, Pau Amarelo e Vila Maria water sources, and the analyses of the contents followed the determinations of the Environmental National Board, whose parameters are dissolved oxygen, biochemical demand of oxygen, nitrate, total coliforms, faecal coliforms, and electrical conductivity. The results recollected suggest the existence of organic pollution and deep alteration in the water coming out from the sources. In consequence, it seems important the putting out of measures destined to stop those impacts and guaranteeing protection and maintenance of the freshwater springs and their micro-basins.
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The contamination of aquatic environments is a phenomenon that dates back the origins of human civilizations and was amplified by the advent of industrial processes. The Jundiaí river , Macaíba's main water source, suffering discharge of effluents from various industries. The study work´s in two fronts, the environmental perception front was conducted through semistructured interviews whose textile effluent was appointed by the population as the main problem in the river. It was observed that nearly all respondents had concerns about the environment. In addition, there is an inclusion of individuals as the cause of the problem, because a significant part recognizes that its activities may cause damage to the environment and people's health. In other front, the experimental monitoring of water quality was conducted through ecotoxicological tests and physiochemical analysis that proposed to assess Pomacea lineata .Mysidopsis juniae isolated effect of textile effluent and its influence on the river compared with the limits established by Brazilian law. Although the physio-chemical analysis shows is inconclusive about the participation of the textile effluent in environmental contamination of the river, the ecotoxicological tests have shown to blunt the signal that the effluent may present a risk to aquatic organisms and consequently to human health. Thus, an interdisciplinary way it was possible to study the cause of the environmental problem identified by the population in the realization phase and measurable effect on water quality analysis in the river by means of the tests mentioned.
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The artifi cial eutrophication is one of the biggest t h reat for the quality of aquatic ecosystems in the whole world. The expectations for the future climatic scenarios in arid and semi - arid regions are intense and frequent droughts enhancing the risk of eutrophicati on and cyanobacterial blooms. Restoration techniques of eutrophic lakes were proposed to reduce nutrient loading and improve the water quality. A successful technique used in temperate regions is the biomanipulation by benthivorous fish removal . Our hypoth esis is that the benthivorous fish removal reduces phytoplankton total biomass and change the composition of phytoplankton functional groups, improving water quality. The aim of the study was evaluate the impact of biomanipulation on phytoplankton function al groups and in the water quality. We applied the technique of biomanipulation in the artificial lake ESEC, in a semi - arid region of Brazil and analyzed the physical and chemical variables and the dynamic of phytoplankton functional groups monthly during November 2012 to August 2013. With the removal of benthivorous fish we observed a significant increase of the euphotic depth, phytoplankton richness and the recruitment of green algae (groups F and J ), indicators of good water quality. However, we did not observe significant differences on total phosphorous concentration and on phytoplankton biomass and diversity. The drought effect in the region during the study was evident , promoting a drastic reduction on water level which influenced the availability of resource and affected phytoplankton community before the biomanipulation. To evaluate the effect of severe drought on the dynamic of phytoplankton functional groups and test if the drought periods are favorable to dominance of cyanobacterial groups, we stu died two artificial neighbors lakes (ESEC and Pocinhos) in a semi - arid tropical region during May 2012 to February 2013. We observed a temporal differentiation of biotic and abiotic variables caused by drought. Both lakes presented reduction of 2 meters of water level and increase on conductivity, turbidity, nutrients concentration and a reduction on water transparency, during the severe drought. The deeper lake (Pocinhos) increased phytoplankton total biomass and presented cyanobacterial functional group d ominance (group S N ) and the shallower lake (ESEC) reduced phytoplankton total biomass and presented dominance of mixotrophic and flagellate functional groups (groups W 1 e W 2 ). Summarizing, the knowledge of the effects of benthivorous fish removal in semi - a rid tropical lakes still unknown and this study had limitations caused by the impact of drought. Thus, it is necessary a long term monitoring to investigate the real effects of biomanipulation on the functioning of the studied ecosystems. Otherwise, period s of drought could have opposite effects (increase or reduction) on total biomass and composition of phytoplankton functional groups. Drought not always leads to dominance of cyanobacterial groups.
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It is remarkable the current planet’s situation of degradation and modification of natural assets and the considerable loss of the recovery power inherent to the ecosystems. Concomitant with this, all communities and species are suffering the consequences of these changes without planning. The creation of conservation units (UCs) through the National System of Conservation Units (SNUC) was a concrete action on the deliberateness of halting these processes, which, on the other hand, generated socio-environmental, geo-economical and cultural-political conflict of interests between traditional communities in the vicinity of these units, institutions, governmental entities and society in general. The country’s National Program of Environmental Education (ProNEA) provides the integration of the communities and UCs’ managers in a co-participative administration to solve these conflicts. The principles of Environmental Education (EA) leads the methodology found to change the socio-educational paradigms of traditional teaching, still existing in our society and intrinsically related to environmental problems, which are contrary to the dialogic pedagogy from Paulo Freire, that valorize popular knowledge, pro-active citizenship, as well as contrary to Ecopedagogy, that re-integrate human being on its natural environment, the Earth. One of the tools for starting environmental sensitization is the diagnosis by environmental perception of individuals. In this context, the objective of our work was to identify the environmental perception of Tenda do Moreno community located nearby Pau Furado State Park (PEPF) in Uberlândia – MG. To reach this objective, the research sought, in a first moment, to evaluate the environmental perception of residents of this community through semi-structured interviews applied in their homes and, in a second moment, we evaluated the environmental perception of community’ school students and made Environmental Education intervention activities with the intention to make children aware of the importance of conservation and function of PEPF. Using the Content analysis methodology, we found in nearly 60% of the 118 residents a systemic perception of nature, while approximately 32% expressed an anthropocentric perception. Mixed perceptions were found in 21%. A considerable part of the residents (47 individuals) indicated not knowing the park, although many of them recognize its importance. Among the 46 interviewed students, half expressed an anthropocentric perception of nature, while almost 36% had a systemic view. Seventeen children said they did not know the park and almost half of the students recognize some aspect of the importance of its existence. During the intervention activities, we had huge participation and dedication of students, beyond the massive expression of their personal views and daily experiences. In relation to the ten students that subjected the second evaluation about their environmental perception after the intervention, 80% showed systemic perception and emphasized the importance of conservation and of park. We believe that the continuity of the intervention activities could generate positive perspectives of socio-environmental effective changes in the daily school. Activities lead by Ecopedagogy and that encourage the citizen leadership in the young students are fundamental, while in the community, closer ties and dialog by UC’s managers would be important elements to generate effective change.
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La zona arqueológica de Palenque en Chiapas, México fue inscrita en la Lista del Patrimonio Mundial de la UNESCO en 1987. Desde entonces no se ha hecho una evaluación del impacto que ha tenido esta inscripción dentro de las comunidades circundantes al entorno protegido. El autor pretende abordar cuáles han sido los efectos que dicha inscripción entre la población local. Para ello se muestra el estado de la cuestión, su tendencia actual y las acciones que los diferentes agentes implicados están llevando a cabo para preservar el valor universal excepcional del sitio, su autenticidad e integridad. El tema es pertinente al cumplirse veinte años del levantamiento armado del Ejercito Zapatista de Liberación Nacional (EZLN) en el Estado de Chiapas. Este movimiento contribuyó al empoderamiento de las comunidades indígenas presentes en la zona arqueológica, las cuales han aprovechado este y otros sitios patrimoniales como un elemento para mejorar sus condiciones de vida. De este modo se produce una abierta confrontación a la autoridad del Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia (INAH), organismo del gobierno federal facultado para la gestión del sitio. Estudiar el caso de Palenque es por demás oportuno pues los gobiernos local, estatal y federal han comenzado a invertir en infraestructuras tendientes a incrementar los ingresos generados por el turismo. En los respectivos planes de ejecución se destaca el rol de la zona arqueológica como el atractivo principal y el detonador del desarrollo económico de la región. Tengamos en cuenta que esta ha sido una zona históricamente marcada por la pobreza, la marginación y la exclusión social, problemas a los que recientemente se han agregado la inseguridad pública, la migración ilegal y el deterioro ambiental.
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The nursing staff is now the largest contingent of professionals in healthcare environments, with more than 1.8 million professionals, and of these 15% are men, showing a masculinization of the historical profession and culturally conceived and carried out by women (COFEN / FIOCRUZ, 2013). This dissertation discusses the profession forward to some issues related to gender, quality of life and night work. Objective: To analyze the impact that shift work has the professional quality of life male, through a specific instrument to identify the main problems and joint damage to that front group to his professional activity. Methods: descriptivo, Cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach, performed with 72 professional male nursing staff, 41 (56.9%) nursing technicians, 18 (25%) of nursing assistants and 13 (18.1%) of nurses, in January 2015 in a university hospital in the city of Uberlândia (Minas Gerais). For this, we used the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire. Quantitative variables were described as mean, standard deviation, maximum and minimum, in addition to the Shapiro-Wilk test and Kruskal-Wallis used in the data analysis, with a confidence level of 5% (p <0.05). Results: the profile of respondents, most are married 42 (58.3%) under the employment contract via Single Legal Regime 50 (69.4%) with mean age of 40 and having 16 years of service; and within a range of 0 to 100, the areas with better evaluation were the Social Relations (70.1) and psychological (67.5); already the worst were the Environment (57.4) and Physical (65.4). In the overall assessment, the average was 63.3 and staying below the national average (65-70). Thus, the professionals who were married obtained better scores, regardless of the category which is in the nursing team. Conclusions: The group is average, taking into account the standard deviation, but we can say that working conditions affect their profession, and these results allow the detection of the difficulties experienced by men of the nursing team, and can cooperate with the design strategies that benefit or minimize the search for conflicts that affect the health of these workers and their quality of life.
Diagnóstico ambiental da área de influência do complexo sucroalcooleiro Usina Vale do São Simão Ltda
Resumo:
One of the most widespread renewable energy sources in Brazil is ethanol, from sugarcane, therefore, the sugar and alcohol sector is expanding, with positive impacts for the economy of the country. Sugar cane was introduced in Brazil as a crop during its colonization, for the production of sugar, and put the country in the global scenario. The expansion of this crop occurred in the seventies, to reduce the reliance in fossil energy sources and to stimulate the development of the agricultural activity. Thus, the federal government has promoted the sugar cane crop and the production of ethanol as a fuel. However, it is important to minimize possible impacts that the crop may cause to the environment. Sugar cane has expanded in the frontiers of the mesoregion of Triângulo Mineiro and Alto Paranaíba-MG, and, in this perspective, the agroindustrial complex known as Companhia Energética Vale do São Simão Ltda., with the Mill located in the county of Santa Vitória, Minas Gerais, was adopted to evaluate the environmental impacts caused by the sugarcane in the area of influence of the mill. The mill has a polygonal area corresponding to 53,525.20 hectares, and for its establishment a Study and Report of Environmental Impacts (EIA/RIMA) was presented, as required as an environment protection instrument by the Environment National Policy (Law nº 6.938/81), and detailed by the Resolution CONAMA nº 01/1986. These studies pointed that native vegetation fragments in the Area of Influence of the Mill, before its implantation, corresponded to approximately 20.7% of the area. Therefore, this study evaluated the impacts of the installation of Usina Vale do São Simão, between 2007 and 2012, determining its reflex on the environmental regularization of the farms, and the vegetation fragments existing in the area, in the recovery and recomposition of areas defined as Legal Reserve and Permanent Preservation. Previous studies of the area were analyzed, soil use and occupation was mapped for the years 2007 and 2012, and the areas of permanent preservation and native vegetation fragments were marked. In general, there was a decline in native vegetation coverage in the period, although it cannot be stated that such reduction was a direct effect of the milling activity. Therefore, the legal requirement of preserving such areas was not capable of bringing the positive effects of protection and recovery as demanded by the Law, highlighting that the current legislation was not enough to protect such areas.
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O presente estudo analisa uma experiência de desinstitucionalização de pacientes que se encontravam internadas na Casa de Saúde Rainha Santa Isabel, em Condeixa-a- Nova, visando a sua inserção socio-comunitária, através da integração num projecto, que tem por nome “Quinta Pedagógica das Romãzeiras” apoiado num programa de reabilitação psicossocial (THS – Treino de Habilidades Sociais) e de Actividades de Vida Diária (AVDs). O universo do estudo compreendeu um grupo de vinte pacientes que foram acompanhados na sua trajectória de desinstitucionalização e avaliados em dois momentos com um intervalo de oito meses. A primeira avaliação foi feita antes da desinstitucionalização de modo a obter os valores relativos ao estado psicológico e psicopatológico das utentes internadas. A segunda avaliação foi feita após a desinstitucionalização e a intervenção da equipa técnica através do respectivo projecto de reabilitação psicossocial. As duas áreas avaliadas foram: O índice Geral de Sintomas Psicopatológicos (Sintomatologia Psiquiátrica) e o nível de Bem-Estar Psicológico. Os resultados deste estudo apontam no sentido, globalmente, existirem mudanças positivas consideradas estatisticamente significativas nos índices de sintomatologia, entre os dois momentos de avaliação. No que diz respeito à área de Bem-Estar Psicológico, os resultados revelam igualmente diferenças consideradas muito significativas entre os dois momentos de avaliação. O factor que se destacou mais foi o factor da Felicidade e da Auto-estima. O factor que menos se destacou foi o da sociabilidade. Estes resultados traduzem o impacto importante do processo de desinstitucionalização no aumento do Bem-estar Psicológico das pessoas com deficiência e/ou doença mental, institucionalizadas em internamento de longo termo. Os resultados também perspectivam uma mudança na qualidade de vida assim como na redução da sintomatologia, influenciando positivamente e de forma indirecta os resultados do impacto do processo de desinstitucionalização.
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El interés de este trabajo, es tener la oportunidad de conocer como las organizaciones desarrollan sus programas de Responsabilidad Social Empresarial con sus empleados como grupo de interés, donde se pudo concluir que las acciones y estrategias encaminadas al desarrollo del talento humano en su vida personal, familiar y social siguen siendo actividades de cumplimiento de tipo legal que luego son presentadas como resultados de una supuesta Responsabilidad Social. Con el fin de Identificar cuál es el impacto de los programas de Responsabilidad Social Empresarial en los empleados como grupo de interés, se aplicará, el método deductivo con enfoque aplicativo de las fuentes secundarias disponibles con las que se aclararán los conceptos básicos y necesarios para familiarizarnos con el tema de estudio, además de conocer los programas de Responsabilidad Social Empresarial de tres empresas con reconocimiento y trayectoria en su gestión de la responsabilidad social empresarial: dos del sector alimentos y una del sector financiero, de esta forma se podrán identificar las actividades, procesos y aspectos prioritarios para el desarrollo y cumplimiento del objetivo general del proyecto que es determinar el impacto de los programas de Responsabilidad Social Empresarial en la calidad de vida laboral de los empleados. Encontramos en las empresas objeto de estudio que tienen un alto compromiso con la sostenibilidad de sus organizaciones y que para definir el direccionamiento estratégico han tenido en cuenta estándares internacionales en materia de sostenibilidad como son los Objetivos de Desarrollo del Mileno (ODM), donde en éste puntualmente desarrollan a través de la innovación acciones específicas a uno de los objetivos del milenio que es garantizar la sostenibilidad del medio ambiente, los compromisos del Pacto Global de las Naciones Unidas, los cuales aplican a través de los principios de conducta y acción en materia de derechos humanos, trabajo, medio ambiente y lucha contra la corrupción, los compromisos de la Conferencia de Naciones Unidas sobre Desarrollo Sostenible (Río+20), la Guía ISO 26000 quien da los lineamientos para la responsabilidad social, el estándar del Global Reporting Initiative (GRI), que orienta frente a los 54 indicadores centrales y están organizadas en tres dimensiones: ambiental, financiera y social, con esta información son empresas que trabajan para ser socialmente responsables con sus grupos de interés, pero con el grupo específico de empleados que es el impacto que se pretendía identificar, encontramos que hacen actividades y estrategias con un nivel superior en la gestión que dan cumplimiento a los emitidos por la GRI. Es importante reconocer la participación que estas empresas dan a los empleados en la construcción de las acciones de bienestar laboral, familiar y social que impactan directamente en el logro de los objetivos organizacionales al tener personal motivado en trabajo que aportan desde su acción a la sostenibilidad y permanencia de la organización.
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This work presents a reflection on possibilities and boundaries of consolidation and expansion of human settlements characterized as traditional communities that are located within protected areas, using as study reference the State Sustainable Development Reserve Ponta do Tubarão, at Rio Grande do Norte state. The main topics highlight the conflict between the right to housing and the prevalence of fundamental rights of traditional populations, opposed to the diffuse right to environment, according to the regulatory framework of the Brazilian Urban and Environmental Policies. At the same time that these settlements, historically built, are substantiated by the principles of recognition of rights to traditional populations, they are in a condition of complexity to the resolution of conflicts in its urban dimension and lead to an impairment of natural sites. This work questions how the instruments of land use and occupation are defined and relate to environmental planning, especially considering that the settlements are located in Permanent Preservation Areas (APP). It aims to further the discussion of the urban dimension in settlements, characterizing its formation and growth process, to identify the gaps and convergences between the Urban and Environmental Policy, under the foundations of a socio-environmental approach. The results spotlights the conflicts between occupation and natural areas, inferring that the definition of Urban Policies instruments and its integration with Environmental Policies instruments account for essential and priority actions to the achievement to the rights to a sustainable city, as determined in the Cities Statute and environmental protection goals, defined for the Conservation Units
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This thesis describes the theoretical, methodological and programmatic proposal for a multifamily residential building located in the urban expansion area of Parnamirim/RN, inserted in the program Minha Casa Minha Vida and level of energy efficiency "A", as the RegulamentoTécnico de Qualidade (RTQ-R/INMETRO) for residential buildings. The development project initially consists of procedures as the study of theoretical, architectural programming and cases studies. With the delimitation of a field solution, situated between the reference and the context, proposals are studied to determine the solution and architectural detailing of the proposal. The architectural program was built based on the method of Problem Seeking (Peña and Parshall, 2001) and research has highlighted aspects of reducing the environmental impact and of the program Minha Casa Minha Vida , among others. The design process was characterized by the incorporation of aspects reviewed and programmed, seeking them compatible and have an economically viable building, socio-spatial quality and energy efficient. The results show that it is possible to obtain a building that meets the constraints of the program that provides housing and energy efficiency level A - and many other environmental qualities and constructive, particularly through architectural design
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Este estudo apresenta uma relação entre o trabalho agrícola familiar e a saúde humana e ambiental em um cenário insular com características rurais, tendo-se como objetivo geral, analisar a sustentabilidade da relação socioambiental do trabalho de agricultores moradores da Ilha dos Marinheiros. Os objetivos específicos foram: Caracterizar a sustentabilidade do trabalho agrícola familiar na Ilha dos Marinheiros; Identificar como os trabalhadores agricultores da Ilha dos Marinheiros significam a sua saúde e atuam para mantê-la; Compreender como os trabalhadores agricultores identificam os impactos positivos e negativos do trabalho agrícola familiar desencadeados no ambiente e a conservação da saúde ambiental. Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória, descritiva, transversal com desenho de método misto com estruturação [QUAL + quan]. Foi realizada na Ilha dos Marinheiros, Rio Grande, Brasil, com 129 trabalhadores agricultores entre março a outubro de 2013, utilizando-se entrevista com aplicação individual de um questionário semiestruturado, gravado, previamente elaborado e testado. Também foram utilizados dados secundários referentes à constituição geográfica, cultural e econômica da Ilha. A organização dos dados qualitativos ocorreu a partir da transcrição dos dados oriundos das entrevistas no Microsoft Word, seguido da Análise de Conteúdo por temas com auxílio do Software Nvivo10. Para ambos os processos de análise utilizou-se o apoio teórico na racionalidade cultural de Enrique Leff. A organização dos dados quantitativos se fez pela codificação dos dados e digitação no software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, 21.0, seguido da análise estatística descritiva e Teste Qui-quadrado de Pearson, com o p-valor <0,05 como significância estatística. Foram asseguradas as exigências éticas e científicas preconizadas nas pesquisas com seres humanos, mediante Resolução 466/2012 e aprovação do macroprojeto pelo Comitê de Ética da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande sob parecer 026/2013. Teve-se 78 trabalhadores agricultores do sexo masculino com idade média de (55,33±14,27), e 51 do sexo feminino, com idade média de (54,68±11,08). Predominou a descendência portuguesa 106 (84,8%), a maioria 100 (77,52%) com ensino fundamental incompleto, média de 2,53 integrantes no domicílio e renda familiar média de (1.648,39±947,72) para uma média de 2,58 dependentes desta. Os participantes atuavam em média há 40,56 anos, por (8,51± 3,10) horas diárias de trabalho em suas propriedades com média de 12,49 hectares. A atividade que mais exerciam e que eram mais auxiliados foi colher os produtos agrícolas, predominando o sexo masculino nesta função. O desenvolvimento do trabalho era conduzido mais pelos homens e de forma diária 83 (64,34%), seguido dos filhos 33 (25,58%) também diariamente 24 (18,60%). Quanto à saúde humana, esta foi concebida como boa, regular e ruim, com ações que convergem à continuidade do exercício laboral e adesão aos serviços de saúde mínima anualmente. Já os impactos positivos do trabalho no ambiente incidiram na conservação do trabalho como uma riqueza, o que exige atenção quanto ao uso dos agrotóxicos frente aos impactos negativos desencadeados ao ambiente em uma perspectiva sustentável à vida humana e não humana. O estudo fornece subsídios 6 contributivos à prática argumentativa do Enfermeiro à saúde ocupacional na agricultura familiar sob uma perspectiva sustentável ao ambiente.
Resumo:
La empresa familiar Constructora El Castillo S.A. fue creada en el a?o 2004, desarrolla la totalidad de sus proyectos en los terrenos de la Antigua Hacienda El Castillo, ubicada entre los Municipios de Jamund? y Cali. Desde el momento de su consolidaci?n, la empresa El Castillo S.A. ha querido afianzarse como una empresa comprometida con la protecci?n del ambiente, por ello este proyecto se desarrolla como el primer paso al forjamiento del sistema de gesti?n ambiental de la constructora. Este proyecto analizo mediante herramientas cualitativas los procesos que se llevan a cabo en el El Dpto. T?cnico de la constructora El Castillo, ?ste aunque realiz? actividades para la protecci?n del ambiente, ninguna fue documentada. Para este proyecto se plante? una metodolog?a basada en los lineamientos de la NTC ISO 14001, que permiti? identificar los aspectos ambientales que puede mejorar y hacer un avance en la planeaci?n del sistema de gesti?n ambiental en el Departamento T?cnico de la constructora. Esta metodolog?a se desarroll? en 4 etapas, 1. Revisi?n Inicial: se analiz? el desempe?o del Dpto. T?cnico en materia de gesti?n ambiental, 2. Identificaci?n de los Procesos y sus Impactos Ambientales: se describi? cada proceso e identificaron y valoraron los aspectos e impactos ambientales 3. An?lisis de legislaci?n aplicable a la empresa: se hizo una revisi?n de la legislaci?n ambiental y se detectaron las principales debilidades en esta ?rea. 4. Construcci?n del programa de gesti?n ambiental para el Dpto. T?cnico: se establecieron objetivos, metas e indicadores ambientales, que orientaran la gesti?n ambiental en el Dpto. T?cnico. En el an?lisis de procesos se identificaron impactos tales como: Contaminaci?n atmosf?rica por la quema de combustible f?sil, alteraci?n del suelo, consumo de energ?a, generaci?n de aguas residuales y residuos s?lidos. Estos se analizaron a trav?s de herramientas cualitativas, debido a que la empresa no cuenta en el momento de realizar este proyecto con el presupuesto para cuantificar los diferentes impactos identificados. Del an?lisis cualitativo de los procesos se encontr? que el proceso que genera un mayor impacto es el constructivo, el cual est? asociado principalmente a la gran generaci?n de residuos s?lidos. Ante esto se propone que el Dpto. T?cnico de la constructora tenga como meta la creaci?n de un plan de educaci?n ambiental y un plan de gesti?n integral de los residuos s?lidos, y de esta manera pueda mitigar su mayor impacto