Prevalence of alcohol-impaired drivers based on random breath tests in a roadside survey

Sobriety checkpoints are not usually randomly located by traffic authorities. As such, information provided by non-random alcohol tests cannot be used to infer the characteristics of the general driving population. In this paper a case study is presented in which the prevalence of alcohol-impaired driving is estimated for the general population of drivers. A stratified probabilistic sample was designed to represent vehicles circulating in non-urban areas of Catalonia (Spain), a region characterized by its complex transportation network and dense traffic around the metropolis of Barcelona. Random breath alcohol concentration tests were performed during spring 2012 on 7,596 drivers. The estimated prevalence of alcohol-impaired drivers was 1.29%, which is roughly a third of the rate obtained in non-random tests. Higher rates were found on weekends (1.90% on Saturdays, 4.29% on Sundays) and especially at night. The rate is higher for men (1.45%) than for women (0.64%) and the percentage of positive outcomes shows an increasing pattern with age. In vehicles with two occupants, the proportion of alcohol-impaired drivers is estimated at 2.62%, but when the driver was alone the rate drops to 0.84%, which might reflect the socialization of drinking habits. The results are compared with outcomes in previous surveys, showing a decreasing trend in the prevalence of alcohol-impaired drivers over time.

Bargaining, coalitions and competition

We study a decentralized matching model in a large exchange economy,in which trade takes place through non--cooperative bargaining in coalitionsof finite size. Under essentially the same conditions of core equivalence, we show that the strategic equilibrium outcomes of our model coincide with theWalrasian allocations of the economy. Our method of proof exploits equivalenceresults between the core and Walrasian equilibria. Our model relaxes differentiability and convexity of preferences thereby covering the caseof indivisible goods.

Earnings management and audit adjustments: An empirical study of IBEX 35 constituents

Doubts about the reliability of a company's qualitative financial disclosure increase market participant expectations from the auditor's report. The auditing process is supposed to serve as a monitoring device that reduces management incentives to manipulate reported earnings. Empirical research confirms that it could be an efficient device under some circumstancesand recognizes that our estimates of the informativeness of audit reports are unavoidably biased (e.g., because of a client's anticipation of the auditing process). This empirical study supports the significant role of auditors in the financial market, in particular in the prevention of earnings management practice. We focus on earnings misstatements, which auditors correct with anadjustment, using a sample of past and current constituents of the benchmark market index in Spain, IBEX 35, and manually collected audit adjustments reported over the 1997-2004 period (42 companies, 336 annual reports, 75 earnings misstatements). Our findings confirm that companies more often overstate than understate their earnings. An investor may foresee earningsmisreporting, as manipulators have a similar profile (e.g., more leveraged and with lower sales). However, he may receive valuable information from the audit adjustment on the size of earnings misstatement, which can be significantly large (i.e., material in almost all cases). We suggest that the magnitude of an audit adjustment depends, other things constant, on annual revenues and free cash levels. We also examine how the audit adjustment relates to the observed market price, trading volume and stock returns. Our findings are that earnings manipulators have a lower price and larger trading volume compared to their rivals. Their returns are positively associated with the magnitude of earnings misreporting, which is not consistent with the possible pricing of audit information.

Exploración de la región marítima Máncora - Callao - Arica. Crucero 6504 Unuane

Proporciona los resultados preliminares más importantes del crucero 6504, que permitió investigar la situación actual y la extensión de los cambios registrados en las condiciones hidrológicas y biológicas del mar peruano.

Informe preliminar del Crucero 6602 (Cabo Blanco - Arica)

Resultados preliminares del Crucero 6602 del B.A.P. "Unanue", que permitió investigar la situación y la extensión delos cambios registrados en las condiciones hidrológicas y biológicas del mar peruano.

Informe preliminar del Crucero 6702 del verano de 1967 (Cabo Blanco - Arica)

Describe las acciones realizadas en el mes de febrero de 1967 en el crucero 6702, abarcando 150 estaciones de rutina en 12 perfiles.

Cem anos da Entomologia Forense no Brasil (1908-2008)

Apresentamos uma história do desenvolvimento da Entomologia Forense no Brasil e uma avaliação do estado da arte e perspectivas. Esses estudos no Brasil iniciaram-se em 1908 com os trabalhos pioneiros de Roquette-Pinto e Oscar Freire, que notaram a grande diversidade da fauna de insetos necrófagos e a impossibilidade de aplicação direta de métodos desenvolvidos na Europa. Nas últimas duas décadas a Entomologia Forense tem avançado rapidamente no Brasil, mas ainda existem lacunas importantes no conhecimento, especialmente com relação à taxonomia, biologia e ecologia dos principais grupos de moscas e besouros necrófagos e também falta de integração entre os entomologistas e a polícia judiciária. Atualmente existem no Brasil mais de 20 pesquisadores desenvolvendo pesquisas relacionadas com Entomologia Forense e algumas dezenas de peritos criminais com treinamento nessa área, em quase todos os estados brasileiros. Neste trabalho são também apresentadas algumas diretrizes para políticas de desenvolvimento deste campo de pesquisas no Brasil.

Contaminación en los puertos del Callao y Chimbote y su efecto en la productividad

Describe los problemas de contaminación identificados en 1979, producidos por cobre, fierro, y desechos domésticos e industriales frente al Callao y Chimbote y cómo se relacionan con los factores físicos y químicos del ambiente marino, así como también estudia sus efectos en la producción primaria.

Contaminación en el Puerto del Callao

Describe la identificación de tres focos principales de contaminación del Puerto de Callao, los mismos que están vinculados a: 1.- aguas provenientes del río Rímac; 2.- aguas de la rada interior del puerto, por la lenta remoción de las aguas, a las actividades del puerto y derrame ocasionales de petróleo, desechos industriales del SIMA y desechos del terminal pesquero; 3.- el área frente al muelle de guerra Camotal, donde la contaminación es principalmente por descarga de desechos de los buques y derrame de petróleo debido al transporte de estos y a las descargas periódicas de los restaurantes ubicados en el litoral.

Contaminación marina en el Perú

Inventario de las principales fuentes de contaminación marina, debido a los desechos domésticos e industriales, hidrocarburos de petróleo e hidrocarburos clorinados, afín de mostrar el estado actual de la contaminación y su problemática, así como su legislación.

Investigación del recurso potencial langostino rojo de profundidad a bordo del BIC Fridtjof Nansen (25 de abril - 25 de mayo, 1990)

Describe las actividades desplegadas en el crucero 9004-05 del BIC "Fridtjof Nansen", se realizaron 24 arrastres en el área comprendida entre 03°41,8 '-03°49,4´S y 81°24,7 'W, en profundidades de 540 a 880 m, con la finalidad de seleccionar las especies de crustáceos con posibilidades de explotación a nivel comercial, así como determinar sus índices de abundancia, biomasa, proporción sexual, relación longitud-ancho del cefalotórax, relación longitud-peso y algunas variaciones morfométricas. Se analizaron también, las condiciones oceanográficas del hábitat.