Ocorrência e determinação do perfil de sensibilidade às drogas das cepas de Staphylococcus aureus isoladas de fossas nasais e orofaringe dos servidores hospitalares

Staphylococcus aureus is a very important hospital and community pathogen. This species is related to supurative disease, systemic and widespread metastatic lesions. The ability of S. aureus to develop resistance to antibiotics, more recently to methicillin, associates this bacteria with epidemic outbreaks of severe nosocomial infection. The source of staphylococcal infection is a patient with a staphylococcal lesion or a career member of the hospital staff. We aimed to detect the frequency of S. aureus isolated from anterior nares and oral cavities among the hospital staff in Bauru - SP, and to determine the antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates. Within 213 of the staff members analyzed. S. aureus was found in 94 (44.13%) of careers, with 47 (50%) of nasal carriers, 23 (24.4%) of oral carriers and 24 (25.5%) of both carriers. The biochemical characteristics analyzed for the species identification were similar to S. aureus ATCC 29213. All strains identified as S. aureus showed varied sensibility to the antimicrobial agents tested. No vancomicin resistant strains and only 8 (8.5%) strains with oxacilin resistance were found.

Efeito de drogas utilizadas no tratamento de hipertensão arterial sistêmica sobre a pressão intra-ocular: Estudo experimental no cão

Purpose: To study the effects of two drugs (captopril and propranolol) used in the treatment of systemic hypertension, on the intraocular pressure (IOP) of anesthetized dogs. Methods: 24 dogs, divided into 3 groups of 8 each. In the first group, 1.5 mg/kg IV of captopril (an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor) was administered. In the second group, 1.5 mg/kg IV of propranolol (a beta-blocker) was administered. The third group was the control. IOP and blood pressure (BP) were measured by manometry. The perfusion pressure was calculated by the difference between BP and IOP (BP-IOP). The parameters were studied at 6 moments (0, 10, 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes). Results: There was significant reduction of IOP (p<0.05) with captopril and propranolol, without difference between the drugs. With captopril the BP and PP decreased markedly at 10 and 30 minutes. With propranolol there was no reduction of BP or PP. Conclusions: Captopril and propranolol reduced IOP. However, the marked reduction of BP, and consequently of PP caused by captopril may be undesirable for irrigation of the optic nerve.

Resistência ao Cisalhamento de um Latossolo sob Diferentes uso e Manejo

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Consumo de drogas psicoactivas por adolescentes escolares de Assis, SP

To quantify psychoactive drug use and investigate use-related variables among students of Assis, Brazil, a questionnaire was administered to collect sociodemographic data and identify the pattern of non-medical use of psychoactive drugs in 20% of public and private school students. The largest consumption indexes for lifetime use were seen for alcohol (68.9%) and tobacco (22.7%). Drugs most often used were: solvents (10.0%); marijuana (6.6%); benzodiazepines (3.8%); amphetamines (2.6%); cocaine (1.6%); and anticholinergics (1.0%).

Estudos sobre liberação controlada e vetorização de drogas através de lipossomas

The text highlights the state of research related with the application of liposomes in the control of drug delivery and drug target to infectious diseases. Liposomes have several pharmaceutical applications and this manuscript is primarily focused on the potential of this colloidal system as an antibiotic carrier system and of administration through several accesses via to organism. Numerous case studies in which liposomes have successfully been used to improve pharmacological drug effect are presented. Mechanisms involved in drug delivery, application possibilities, research and development and efforts to reach these objectives are discussed. © Copyright Moreira Jr. Editora. Todos os direitos reservados.

Diagnóstico de uma área compactada por atividade minerária, na floresta amazônica, empregando métodos geoestatísticos à variável resistência mecânica à penetração do solo

A quite common problem in the recovery of degraded areas in the mineral exploration understands the compaction of the soil due to the intense traffic of machines and earth movement. The most common problem of the compaction of a degraded surface is: increase of the mechanical resistance to the penetration of the rooats, reduction of the aeration, alteration of the water flow and heat. Thus the present work had the basic objective of diagnosing the compaction of a degraded area by mining in a space way, through the mechanical resistance the way penetration to guide a future subsoiling in the place seeking recovery. Through the studies it was concluded that the kriging method in agreement with the space variation allows the division of the area studies in sub areas facilitating a future work to reduce cost and unnecessary interference to the atmosphere. The method was shown quite appropriate and it can be used in diagnosis of the compaction in a degraded area by mining, foreseeing subsoiling need.

Resistência à penetração de um solo em recuperação sob sistemas agrosilvopastoris

In the Research and Teaching Farm of the State University of São Paulo (UNESP) - Campus of Ilha Solteira, located in Selviria, in Mato Grosso do Sul State, a study was conducted with the objective of investigating the resistance to penetration of a highly degraded soil due to construction of a Hydroelectric Power Plant. The experimental design was a completely randomized, with five treatments and five replications. The treatments were constituted of the following uses and managements: area in advanced state of degradation; area under regeneration cultivated 13 years with Pinus; area under regeneration cultivated 11 years with green manure and pasture; degraded area with natural regeneration; and area with natural vegetation (savanna). The system where the area was under regeneration with Pinus cultivation and the niches with natural regeneration were the closest to natural condition (savanna). Except for the natural area (savanna), all others presented a higher resistance to penetration in the layer of 0.20-0.40 m, which represents serious limitations for growth of plant roots.

Correlação da produtividade do feijão com a resistência à penetração do solo sob plantio direto

The soil mechanical resistance to penetration (PR) has great influence on vegetative development as the root growth and the crop productivity change in inverse proportion. Thus, the objective of this research was to study correlation between the bean grain productivity and the PR in an Oxisol cultivated for four years in no-tillage system at FEIS/UNESP. The attributes PR and yield were determined in a regular grid with 119 sample points. The PR was determined in the layers of 0-0.05, 0.05-0.10, 0.10-0.15, 0.15-0.20 and 0.25-0.30 m. The results were submitted to procedures of descriptive statistics, linear correlation and geostatistic analysis. The linear correlation between the yield and PR was practically null, as in all soil layers investigated it showed determination coefficients (R2) smaller than 0.03 and not significant. The geostatistic analysis showed moderate structure of spatial dependency for PR in the layers of 0.05-0.10 and 0.10-0.15 m, and strong for yield; however, the conjugate spatial analysis of such attributes showed no correlation, therefore, the spatial variability of PR did not influence the yield.

Condutividade hidráulica e resistência à penetraçao do solo influenciada por diferentes sistemas de manejo

Soil management measures that increase the efficiency of organic matter cycling and maintain favorable soil structure are needed for improving soil quality. On the other hand, soil structure degradation due to inadequate soil management systems is widespread. Among the indicators of soil physical quality, saturated hydraulic conductivity and penetration resistance are thought to be sensitive to soil management system. The aim of this work was to study the influence of soil tillage system and organic fertilization on selected soil physical properties after the first year of treatment. The field work was conducted in Selviria, MS, Brazil on an Oxisol. The experimental design was randomized complete blocks with split-plots, with 12 treatments and 4 repetitions. Tillage treatments included conventional ploughing (CT) and direct drilling (DD). Fertilizer treatments were: 1) manure, 2) manure plus mineral, 3) traditional mineral 4) plant residues of Crotalaria juncea, 5) plant residues of Pennisetum americanum and 6) control plot. The plots were cropped to bean in winter and to cotton in summer, and both cultures were irrigated. After one year no significant differences between treatments in mechanical resistance and porosity were found. However, saturated hydraulic conductivity and infiltration were higher in the conventional tillage treatment at the 0.00-0.10 m depth. Moreover, an improvement in soil physical condition by organic fertilizers was shown.

Resistência à compressão do concreto autoadensável: Influência da atividade pozolânica do calcário e do basalto

This research studies the influence of the pozzolanic activity of the calcareous and basalt in the resistence behavior of the compressive strength of high performance self-compacting concrete (HPSCC). The selected aditives are the calcareous filler and basalt filler, for they are industrial residues helping that way the sustainable development. The paste of this concrete type is constituted of cement, silica fume, calcareous filler or basalt filler, water and superplasticizer additive. In this research the relationships water/cement are fixed in 0,40 kg/kg, silica fume/cement of 0,10 kg/kg and the relationships filler/cement and superplasticizer/cement are determined through of Marsh́s cone and mini-slump tests. The granular skeleton is gotten from a composition between quartzous sand and brita of basalt that presents the lesser index of emptinesses. The results show that the HPSCC with the addition of calcareous filler has greater compressive strength than what the HPSCC with addition of basalt filler in the ages of 7, 28 and 63 days. It is explained by the fact that the calcareous filler presents greater index of pozzolanic activity than the basalt filler. Besides that the relation water/fine for the HPSCC with calcareous filler is 0,27 l/kg whereas the HPSCC with basalt filler is of 0,29 l/kg.

Níveis constitutivos de compostos fenólicos podem estar relacionados à resistência da cana-de-açúcar à cigarrinha-das-raízes

The interaction of the leafhopper-of-roots with the sugar cane is still poorly marked and there is little information on resistant varieties. The phenolic compounds are involved in resistance mechanisms of the antibiosis type, but few studies are devoted to the studying role of these compounds in the interaction of plants with sucking insects. The study was conducted to determine how the sugar cane responded to the infestation of Mahanarva fimbriolata in terms of accumulation of phenolic compounds. An experiment was carried out under controlled conditions in a randomized design in a factorial schedule 3 x 2 x 4, with 3 genotypes and sugar cane, 2 levels of nymphs infestation of M. fimbriolata and sampling 4 times, with 4 repetitions. The genotypes SP80-1816 and RB72454 showed higher levels of total phenols when subjected to an infestation of the pest, but the duration of the nymphal stage and mortality of sharpshooters were significantly lower in those varieties, indicating that the increase in the concentration of phenolic compounds may had been caused by death and decay of the roots. It was not observed variation in levels of total phenols in the variety SP83- 5073 subject to an infestation of M. fimbriolata. However, the mortality of the leafhopperof- roots and duration of the stage of nymphs were significantly higher in genotype, indicating the existence of resistance-type antibiosis. Analysis of correlation showed that higher initial levels of phenolic compounds resulting in mortality of the pest can increase the duration of the nymph stage.

Determinação da resistência de Staphylococcus aureus: Um desafio?

The aim of this study was to identify the resistance profile of Staphylococcus aureus strains, in relation to induced clindamycin resistance, and to detect oxacillin resistance by the routine phenotypic methods. The strains were isolated from nasal or lingual swabs taken from healthy adult carriers with no medical history of hospitalization or antibiotic treatment. Eighteen strains were distinguished by the different patterns generated by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Four (22.2%) of these showed sensitivity to clindamycin by the conventional antibacterial susceptibility test, but demonstrated inducible resistance to it by the D-test. One strain (5.6%) was characterized as borderline oxacillin-resistant S. aureus (BORSA), and another (5.6%) as CA MRSA (community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus). Both of these strains were shown to be cefoxitin susceptible by the disk diffusion test. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) failed to detect the mecA gene in this last strain and it was thus classified as BORSA. These results show the importance of incorporating the D-test into the routine lab tests for S. aureus inducible clindamycin resistance and also of including the cefoxitin resistance test among the phenotypic methods for MRSA characterization.

Influência da contaminação da dentina por cimentos temporários na resistência da união de sistemas adesivos

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the bond strength of adhesive systems to dentin contaminated by temporary cements with or without eugenol. Method: Flat dentin surfaces were obtained from twenty-four human third molars. With exception of the control group (n=8), the surfaces were covered with Interim Restorative Material (Caulk Dentsplay, Milford, DE, USA) or Cavit (3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA) and kept in an oven at 37°C for seven days. After removing the cements, the adhesive systems Adper Single Bond (3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA) or Clearfil SE Bond (Kuraray Co. Ltd., Osaka, Japan) were applied in accordance with the manufacturers' recommendations, and then the crowns were constructed in of resin composite. The teeth were sectioned into specimens with a cross-sectional bond area of 0.81mm2, which were submitted to microtensile testing in a mechanical test machine at an actuator speed of 0.5mm/min. The data were analyzed by t- and ANOVA tests, complemented by Tukey tests (α=0.05). Results: For Adper Single Bond (3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA), bond strength did not differ statistically (p>0.05) for all the experimental conditions. For Clearfil SE Bond (Kuraray Co. Ltd., Osaka, Japan), only the Interim Restorative Material (Caulk Dentsplay, Milford, DE, USA) Group showed significantly lower bond strength (30.1 ± 13.8 MPa) in comparison with the other groups; control (38.9 ± 13.5 MPa) and Cavit (3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA) (42.1 ± 11.0 MPa), which showed no significant difference between them. Conclusion: It was concluded that the previous covering of dentin with temporary cement containing eugenol had a deleterious effect on the adhesive performance of the self-etching system only.

La grieta de las drogas: desintegración social y políticas públicas en América Latina

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La economía política de las drogas en la década de los noventa: una nota de síntesis

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