977 resultados para Dried flower arrangement
Resumo:
Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito do beneficiamento sobre o valor nutricional do peixe mandim (Arius spixii) comercializado em Maceió-AL, determinaram-se nas suas formas in natura e beneficiada (salgado-seco) a composição centesimal, valor calórico, cloretos, perfil de ácidos graxos e colesterol, sendo também analisada a ocorrência de óxidos de colesterol. Os resultados obtidos para o mandim in natura e beneficiado, respectivamente, de umidade (70,13% e 40,31%), proteínas (51,73% e 38,07%, base seca), carboidratos (4,67% e 2,24%, base seca), calorias (486 kcal/100g e 367 kcal/100g, base seca), ácidos graxos (poliinsaturados 14,54% e 15,49%, ômega-3 8,51% e 6,51%), colesterol (82,66 mg/100g e 61,30 mg/100g) e óxidos (7-cetocolesterol 8,31 µg/g e 17,90 µg/g), permitiram concluir que o beneficiamento favoreceu alterações significativas no valor nutricional do mandim.
Resumo:
Os cardiomiócitos são sustentados e inseridos em um esqueleto de tecido conjuntivo, este possui distribuição desigual de acordo com as propriedades das distintas regiões em que se encontra. O propósito deste estudo foi quantificar a proporção de tecido conjuntivo em relação à disposição de cardiomiócitos dos ventrículos direito e esquerdo e no septo interventricular do miocárdio de seis equinos subnutridos, adultos, sendo quatro machos e duas fêmeas, sem raça definida e utilizados para tração. Com auxílio de paquímetro eletrônico digital, avaliou-se a altura do ventrículo esquerdo, a largura do coração, assim como sua circunferência, as espessuras das paredes livres dos ventrículos e do septo interventricular. Os fragmentos relativos ao terço médio do septo interventricular e das paredes livres dos ventrículos foram submetidos à técnica histológica convencional. Os blocos foram cortados com espessura de 5µm e corados com Picrosirius Red, Tricromo de Gomori e Tricromo de Azan para evidenciação do tecido conjuntivo. As lâminas foram analisadas com uso do microscópio óptico digital acoplado ao programa de análise de imagens Image-Pro Plus®. A proporção média de tecido conjuntivo no ventrículo esquerdo foi de 6,1±3,7%, no septo interventricular foi obtida a média de 6,8±3,6% e no ventrículo direito a média foi de 6,1±3,1%. Ao aplicarmos teste H de Kruskal-Wallis, verificamos que ocorreu diferença estatística entre os diferentes corantes utilizados em relação às regiões avaliadas. No teste de correlação de Pearson, não foi encontrado padrão de correlação entre a espessura das regiões analisadas e a proporção de tecido conjuntivo.
Resumo:
Um experimento foi conduzido para verificar o efeito de níveis de fósforo e do tamanho de partícula do fosfato bicálcico na dieta de poedeiras comerciais na fase de produção. Utilizou-se um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2 × 3 com dois tamanhos de partícula do fosfato (fino e granulado) e três níveis de fósforo disponível (0,28; 0,38 e 0,48%), totalizando seis tratamentos, cada um com cinco repetições de oito aves. As dietas experimentais foram isoproteicas, isocalóricas e isocálcicas. O consumo de ração, a produção de ovos, a massa de ovos, a conversão alimentar, a porcentagem de casca, a gravidade específica e os teores de cinzas, cálcio, fósforo e magnésio nos ossos não foram afetados pelas dietas. Dietas contendo fosfato bicálcico (fino ou granulado) e 0,28% de fósforo disponível atendem às exigências de fósforo de galinhas poedeiras semipesadas de 24 a 58 semanas de idade.
Resumo:
O estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar o resultado econômico e o desempenho de leitões na fase de creche alimentados com rações formuladas com base nos nutrientes digestíveis da silagem de grãos úmidos de milho. Foram utilizados 18 leitões mestiços (Landrace × Large White) com peso médio inicial de 16,01 kg no experimento de digestibilidade e 60 leitões mestiços com peso médio inicial de 7,11 kg no experimento de desempenho. O delineamento experimental nos dois experimentos foi em blocos ao acaso. No experimento de digestibilidade, avaliou-se uma ração-referência contendo ou não 30% de milho seco moído (30%) e silagem de grãos úmidos de milho e, no experimento de desempenho, avaliaram-se quatro rações: à base de grãos de milho seco moídos; à base de silagem de grãos úmidos de milho (SGUM) em substituição a 100% do milho seco, com base na matéria seca; à base de SGUM, considerando o valor de energia digestível da silagem determinado no experimento de digestibilidade; e à base de SGUM, considerando os valores de energia digestível, proteína digestível e fósforo disponível da silagem, determinados no experimento de digestibilidade. A digestibilidade aparente de matéria seca (MS), proteína bruta (PB), fósforo (P) e cálcio (Ca) e o nível de energia digestível foram maiores para a ração à base de SGUM formulada considerando os valores nutricionais determinados no experimento de digestibilidade. Durante o período total do experimento de desempenho (0 a 32 dias), a SGUM proporcionou melhor conversão alimentar e os menores custos/kg de peso ganho, mas não foram observadas diferenças no ganho diário de peso e no consumo diário de ração. Na formulação de rações com silagem de grãos úmidos de milho para suínos, deve-se considerar o valor nutricional, principalmente o teor de energia digestível, desse alimento.
Resumo:
Avaliou-se o efeito do processamento do feno de alfafa (Medicago sativa L.) e da adição de óleo de soja em dietas sobre a digestibilidade total de matéria seca, matéria orgânica, proteína bruta, extrato etéreo, fibra em detergente neutro e fibra em detergente ácido em eqüinos. Utilizaram-se quatro potros machos, sem raça definida, com aproximadamente 14 meses de idade e 197,25 kg, em delineamento quadrado latino (4 × 4) e em arranjo fatorial (2 × 2), composto de duas formas de fenação da alfafa (em cubos ou em ramas) e da adição ou não de óleo de soja em dietas contendo concentrado comercial na forma de péletes. A digestibilidade dos nutrientes foi determinada pelo método de coleta total de fezes durante três dias. A adição de óleo de soja refinado aumentou a digestibilidade total de matéria seca, matéria orgânica, extrato de etéreo e fibra em detergente neutro. A fenação da alfafa em cubos aumentou a digestibilidade total da proteína bruta, fibra em detergente neutro e da fibra em detergente ácido. A adição de óleo de soja nas dietas avaliadas foi um modo prático e seguro de aumentar a densidade calórica sem reduzir a digestibilidade dos macronutrientes orgânicos. O processamento da alfafa na forma de cubos melhorou a digestibilidade total da proteína bruta, fibra em detergente e fibra em detergente ácido da dieta em eqüinos.
Resumo:
Em dois ensaios experimentais, avaliaram-se níveis de lisina digestível (0,90; 1,00; 1,10; 1,20 e 1,40%) combinados a zinco quelado (43 e 253 ppm) para frangos de corte machos. Os períodos considerados foram: 1 a 11 dias de idade (desempenho) e 1 a 7 dias de idade (balanço de nitrogênio). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 5 × 2. No ensaio de desempenho, utilizaram-se 7 repetições e 15 aves por unidade experimental e, no ensaio de digestibilidade, 6 repetições e 6 aves por unidade experimental. As dietas continham 2.960 de EM/kg e 21% de proteína bruta. Na fase de 1 a 11 dias de idade, não houve efeito de interação lisina digestível × zinco quelado no desempenho, mas verificou-se efeito quadrático dos níveis de lisina digestível sobre o peso final, o ganho de peso e o ganho de peso relativo e efeito linear crescente no consumo de ração. A conversão alimentar não diferiu com as variações dos níveis de lisina digestível e zinco na dieta. Nas condições de avaliação do desempenho, o nível ótimo de lisina digestível para frangos de corte machos mantidos em piso de concreto é de 1,19%. Na fase de 1 a 7 dias de idade, não houve influência da relação entre níveis de lisina digestível e zinco quelado no balanço de nitrogênio. A retenção de nitrogênio aumentou de forma linear crescente com o aumento da concentração de lisina digestível na dieta, o que está de acordo com o aumento linear do ganho de peso e da eficiência alimentar. A exigência de lisina digestível para frangos de corte machos de 1 a 7 dias de idade é igual ou superior a 1,40%.
Resumo:
Cerradomy's is a monophyletic genus that includes four known species, Cerradomys subflavus, C maracajuensis, C. marinhus, and C. scotti, distributed throughout the open vegetation belt across South America, from northeastern Brazil to southeastern Bolivia, and from eastern to northwestern Paraguay. We revised the status of the species currently assigned to this genus by analyzing skins, skulls, karyotypes, and cytochrome b DNA sequences. We also described two novel species, one distributed in the Brazilian states of Minas Gerais, Bahia, and Sergipe, and the other in the states of Paraiba, Pernambuco, Piaui, Ceara, and Maranhao. Molecular analysis suggested the following phylogenetics arrangement: (((C. subflavus-C. sp.n.2) C. sp.n.1) C scotti)(C. marinhus-C. maracajuensis)). Apparently, both novel species inhabit the Caatinga domain and penetrated the coastal Atlantic rainforest, differing from the remaining congeneric species that are typical open-area inhabitants.
Resumo:
Bees are considered one of the most efficient pollinators. Therefore, they have Indisputable role in the plants reproduction, since they increase the quality and quantity of fruit and seeds, and thus they help the ecosystems maintenance. Cerrado is one of the most affected ecosystems due to the growth of human activities, drastically reducing its biodiversity. The faunistic analysis identifies the species and the size of the populations, and can also indicate the degree of environmental Impact on a particular area. Surveys on flower-visiting hymenoptera in a cerradao area, with 40ha, in the Experimental Station of Itiparina (SP), were conducted every fifteen days from March 2003 to February 2004. From 181 insects collected, the Apidae family was represented by the largest number of species and individuals. The species Apis mellifera (55.8%), Trigona spinipes (14.4%) and Exomalopsis (Exomalopsis) sp. (8.3%) were the most prevalent fit the area. Among the bees species collected, 30.8% were classified as sociable and 69.2% as solitary. Considering all hymenoptera collected, 59.7% preferred the morning period and 40.3% the afternoon period for foraging and/or visiting. The Diversity index (Shannon-Wiener) H was 1.6933, V(H) = 0.0123 and Uniformity index E = 0.5652, following pattern found in other areas of cerrado.
Resumo:
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a polyclonal antibody preparation (PAP) against specific ruminal bacteria on the in situ degradability of dry-grounded maize grain (DMG), high moisture maize silage (HMMS) starch and citrus pulp (CiPu) pectin. Nine ruminally cannulated cows were used in a 3 x 3 Latin square design, replicated three times in a factorial arrangement of treatments of two rumen modifiers represented by monensin and PAP plus a control group, and the three energy sources (DMG, HMMS and CiPu). Each period had 21 days, where 16 were used for adaptation to treatment and five for data collection. The group treated with PAP showed an effect on the soluble fraction (""a"") of DMG starch, decreasing it by respectively 45.3% and 45.4% compared to the CON and MON groups. No effect of PAP was observed for any in situ degradability parameters of starch from HMMS or pectin of CiPu. It was concluded that the polyclonal antibody preparation had limited effect on the in situ degradability of the tested energy sources.
Resumo:
Background: The establishment of an in vitro production (IVP) of embryo in swine allows the generation of embryos with the same quality as in vivo produced embryos with less costs and time. In order to achieve successful fertilization under normal circumstances in vivo, mammalian spermatozoa must first undergo capacitation and then acrosome reaction. The purpose of this study was compared the efficacious of IP/CFDA fluorescence and Coomassie Blue G (CB) staining to detect capacitated sperm cells in refrigerated and fresh semen. Morever, it was investigated the efficacious of caffeine and chondroitin sulphate to promote in vitro sperm capacitation and in vitro embryo produced (IVP) of swine embryos. Materials, Methods & Results: A sperm-rich fraction from ejaculate was obtained using the gloved-hand method and the gel-free fraction was separated using sterile gauze. The semen was diluted in BTS at a final concentration of 1.5 x 10(8) cells/mL. The sperm suspension was incubated for 2 h at 25 degrees C, refrigerated and maintained for 1 h at 15-18 degrees C (refrigerated group) or used immediately (fresh group). Sperm capacitation was assessed by IP/CFDA fluorescence and CB staining for both fresh and refrigerated semen. For PI/CFDA evaluation, a final solution containing 1.7 mM formaldehyde, 7.3 mM PI and 20 mM CFDA in 950 mu L saline was prepared. In the dark, 40 mu L PI/CFDA final solution was added to 10 mu L semen and after 8 min, slides were analyzed on epifluorescence microscopy. For CB evaluation, sperm cells were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for 10 min and centrifuged twice at 320 x g in ammonium acetate pH 9 for 8 min. A smear was made and stained with 2.75 mg/mL CB in solution containing 12.5% methanol, 25% glacial acetic acid and 62.5% water, for 2 min. The smear was washed in running water, air dried and sealed with Permount (R), diluted 2:1 in xilol to avoid staining oxidation. Our results showed that refrigeration did not affect sperm capacitation and comparing staining methods, the PI/CFDA combination was more efficient to detect capacitated sperm, when compared to CB staining. In experiment 2, we evaluated the effect of different incubation time (1 - 5 h) with chondroitin sulfate and caffeine on sperm capacitation. For in vitro fertilization, oocytes were obtained from slaughterhouse ovaries. Oocytes with a thick and intact cumulus oophurus layer and cytoplasm with homogenous granules were selected for in vitro maturation for 44 h. According to the results of experiment 2, it was used for in vitro fertilization refrigerated semen was capacitated with 50 mu g/mL chondroitin sulfate for 2 h or capacitated with 5 mu g/mL caffeine for 3 h. Six hours after insemination, cumulus oophorus cells were mechanically removed and oocytes were washed and incubated in microdrops of culture medium. Embryo development after fertilization with sperm capacitated with caffeine or chondroitin sulfate was evaluated on days 3, 5 and 7 of culture. No differences were observed in days 3 or 5 of in vitro culture. However, it was observed an increase on blastocyst rate on Day 7 of culture when caffeine was used as the capacitor agent. Discussion: Molecular basis of sperm capacitation is still poor understood. Sperm capacitation can occur in vitro spontaneously in defined media without addition of biological fluids. We observed that sperm capacitation increased as incubation period enlarged and it was observed using Coomassie blue G and PI/CFDA for fresh semen and for refrigerated semen. It can be concluded that the cooling of semen did not change their pattern of sperm capacitation and this is best assessed by IP/CFDA than by CB. In addition to the use of caffeine in sperm capacitation produces more blastocysts than the chondroitin sulfate after in vitro fertilization.
Resumo:
The radiation of angiosperms is associated with shifts among pollination modes that are thought to have driven the diversification of floral forms. However, the exact sequence of evolutionary events that led to such great diversity in floral traits is unknown for most plant groups. Here, we characterize the patterns of evolution of individual floral traits and overall floral morphologies in the tribe Bignonieae (Bignoniaceae). We identified 12 discrete traits that are associated with seven floral types previously described for the group and used a penalized likelihood tree of the tribe to reconstruct the ancestral states of those traits at all nodes of the phylogeny of Bignonieae. In addition, evolutionary correlations among traits were conducted using a maximum likelihood approach to test whether the evolution of individual floral traits followed the correlated patterns of evolution expected under the ""pollination syndrome"" concept. The ancestral Bignonieae flower presented an Anemopaegma-type morphology, which was followed by several parallel shifts in floral morphologies. Those shifts occurred through intermediate stages resulting in mixed floral morphologies as well as directly from the Anemopaegma-type morphology to other floral types. Positive and negative evolutionary correlations among traits fit patterns expected under the pollination syndrome perspective, suggesting that interactions between Bignonieae flowers and pollinators likely played important roles in the diversification of the group as a whole.
Resumo:
Background: Understanding mollicutes is challenging due to their variety and relationship with host cells. Invasion has explained issues related to their opportunistic role. Few studies have been done on the Ureaplasma diversum mollicute, which is detected in healthy or diseased bovine. The invasion in Hep-2 cells of four clinical isolates and two reference strains of their ureaplasma was studied by Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy and gentamicin invasion assay. Results: The isolates and strains used were detected inside the cells after infection of one minute without difference in the arrangement for adhesion and invasion. The adhesion was scattered throughout the cells, and after three hours, the invasion of the ureaplasmas surrounded the nuclear region but were not observed inside the nuclei. The gentamicin invasion assay detected that 1% of the ATCC strains were inside the infected Hep-2 cells in contrast to 10% to the clinical isolates. A high level of phospholipase C activity was also detected in all studied ureaplasma. Conclusions: The results presented herein will help better understand U. diversum infections, aswell as cellular attachment and virulence.
Resumo:
Light absorption of alpha-glycine crystals grown by slow evaporation at room temperature was measured, indicating a 5.11 +/- 0.02 eV energy band gap. Structural, electronic, and optical absorption properties of alpha-glycine crystals were obtained by first-principles quantum mechanical calculations using density functional theory within the generalized gradient approximation in order to understand this result. To take into account the contribution of core electrons, ultrasoft and norm-conserving pseudopotentials, as well as an all electron approach were considered to compute the electronic density of states and band structure of alpha-glycine crystals. They exhibit three indirect energy band gaps and one direct Gamma-Gamma energy gap around 4.95 eV. The optical absorption related to transitions between the top of the valence band and the bottom of the conduction band involves O 2p valence states and C, O 2p conduction states, with the carboxyl group contributing significantly to the origin of the energy band gap. The calculated optical absorption is highly dependent on the polarization of the incident radiation due to the spatial arrangement of the dipolar glycine molecules; in the case of a polycrystalline sample, the first-principles calculated optical absorption is in good agreement with the measurement when a rigid energy shift is applied.
Resumo:
The band-edge optical absorption in EuTe is studied in the framework of the 5d conduction band atomic model. Both relaxed antiferromagnetic order, and ferromagnetic order induced by an external magnetic field, were analyzed. For ferromagnetic arrangement, the absorption is characterized by a hugely dichroic doublet of narrow lines. In the antiferromagnetic order, the spectrum is blueshifted, becomes much broader and weaker, and dichroism is suppressed. These results are in excellent qualitative and quantitative agreement with experimental observations on EuTe and EuSe published by us previously [Phys. Rev. B 72, 155337 (2005)]. The possibility of inducing ferromagnetic order by illuminating the material at photon energies resonant with the band gap is also discussed.