Restauraciones fototermocuradas en dentición temporal

La restauración de lesiones proximales en molares deciduos es problemática, no existe un material ideal para reparar este tipo de lesiones. Por otra parte en dientes temporales debilitados tras una pulpotomía, la restauración de elección es la corona metálica preformada. Con la introducción de los nuevos sistemas de adhesión una posible alternativa en el tratamiento de estas situaciones en dentición temporal, serian las incrustaciones para molares y las coronas para incisivos confeccionadas con material composite fototennocurado. En este arüculo se analiza la técnica de preparación de estas restauraciones, sus indicaciones, ventajas e inconvenientes.

Influencia de diferentes sistemas de profilaxis en la adhesión de un sellador de fisuras al esmalte

Introducción: La adhesión de las resinas dentales al esmalte no depende solamente del grabado ácido del esmalte. Otros factores, como el pulido de la superficie del esmalte pueden influir en la fuerza de adhesión de las resinas. El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar la adhesión de un sellador de fisuras fotopolimerizable tras la utilización previa de distintos métodos de profilaxis y dos diferentes tiempos de grabado. Material y método: Ochenta terceros molares extraídos quirúrgicamente se seccionaron en dos mitades (vestibular y lingual). Los dientes se dividieron en ocho grupos de 20 muestras cada uno, de acuerdo con los métodos de profilaxis: polvo de piedra pómez, pasta fluorada, espray de bicarbonato y control (sin profilaxis); y dos tiempos de grabado: 15 y 30 segundos. Se midió la fuerza de adhesión mediante una prueba de tracción en una máquina de ensayos universal INSTRON. Resultados y conclusión: Se utilizó el test estadístico ANOVA, detectándose diferencias significativas en la resistencia a la tracción; el posterior test de Dunnett encontró estas diferencias entre los grupos control y de profilaxis con piedra pómez para 15 y 30 segundos de grabado respecto de los grupos tratados con pasta fluorada y espray de bicarbonato, para los mismos tiempos de grabado (p<0,05), siendo esta diferencia mayor en el grupo de espray con bicarbonato.

A study of the effects of PVAC on works of art on paper and wood: pH and colour change

This paper presents the preliminary findings of pH and colour measurements carried out on artworks on paperand on wood that had been treated with a poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAC) based adhesive in the 1980s. In both cases, areas treated with PVAC proved to be less acidic than untreated areas. Contrary to expectations, the conservation treatments have not, as yet, increased acidity levels in the objects under study. Colour measurements of the works on paper showed that those that had been backed with a cotton fabric using a mixture of methylcellulose and PVAC were less yellow than those from the same print run that had not been backed. This finding suggests that the backing somehow prevented the natural degradation of the support. In view of these preliminary results, further research is clearly needed. This study forms part of a broader ongoing project to assess the role of PVAC in the conservation of a range of cultural assets.

Development of Non-Petroleum Based Binders for Use in Flexible Pavements, TR-594, 2010

Most bituminous adhesives or binders that are used for pavement materials are derived primarily from fossil fuels. With petroleum oil reserves becoming depleted and the drive to establish a bio-based economy, there is a push to produce binders from alternative sources, particularly from biorenewable resources. However, until now, no research has studied the applicability of utilizing bio-oils as a bitumen replacement (100% replacement) in the pavement industry. The main objective of this research was to test various properties of bio-oils in order to determine the applicability of using bio-oils as binders in the pavement industry. The overall conclusions about the applicability of using bio-oils as bio-binders in the pavement industry can be summarized as follows: 1. Bio-oils cannot be used as bio-binders/pavement materials without any heat pre-treatment/upgrading procedure. 2. Current testing standards and specifications, especially Superpave procedures, should be modified to comply with the properties of bio-binders. 3. The temperature range of the viscous behavior for bio-oils may be lower than that of bitumen binders by about 30°–40° C. 4. The rheological properties of the unmodified bio-binders vary in comparison to bitumen binders, but the rheological properties of these modified bio-binders change significantly upon adding polymer modifiers. 5. The high-temperature performance grade for the developed bio-binders may not vary significantly from that of the bitumen binders, but the low-temperature performance grade may vary significantly

A study of the effects of PVAC on works of art on paper and wood: pH and colour change

This paper presents the preliminary findings of pH and colour measurements carried out on artworks on paperand on wood that had been treated with a poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAC) based adhesive in the 1980s. In both cases, areas treated with PVAC proved to be less acidic than untreated areas. Contrary to expectations, the conservation treatments have not, as yet, increased acidity levels in the objects under study. Colour measurements of the works on paper showed that those that had been backed with a cotton fabric using a mixture of methylcellulose and PVAC were less yellow than those from the same print run that had not been backed. This finding suggests that the backing somehow prevented the natural degradation of the support. In view of these preliminary results, further research is clearly needed. This study forms part of a broader ongoing project to assess the role of PVAC in the conservation of a range of cultural assets.

A study of the effects of PVAC on works of art on paper and wood: pH and colour change

This paper presents the preliminary findings of pH and colour measurements carried out on artworks on paperand on wood that had been treated with a poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAC) based adhesive in the 1980s. In both cases, areas treated with PVAC proved to be less acidic than untreated areas. Contrary to expectations, the conservation treatments have not, as yet, increased acidity levels in the objects under study. Colour measurements of the works on paper showed that those that had been backed with a cotton fabric using a mixture of methylcellulose and PVAC were less yellow than those from the same print run that had not been backed. This finding suggests that the backing somehow prevented the natural degradation of the support. In view of these preliminary results, further research is clearly needed. This study forms part of a broader ongoing project to assess the role of PVAC in the conservation of a range of cultural assets.

Identificación de patologías causadas por el PVAc en Bienes Culturales

Esta contribución presenta el Proyecto de investigación que se está llevando a cabo en la Sección de Conservación¿Restauración de la Facultad de Bellas Artes de la Universidad de Barcelona desde el año 2006. El proyecto tiene por objetivo identificar los problemas que generan los tratamientos con PVAc, poliacetato de vinilo, en diversos bienes patrimoniales, así como el establecimiento de protocolos para la reversibilización del adhesivo. El trabajo se centra en los materiales de archivo, los materiales arqueológicos, la pinturasobre tela, sobre madera y la pintura mural por ser casos especialmente representativos de patrimonio en los que se ha utilizado este adhesivo y en los que se pueden detectar problemas derivados de su utilización. El estudio parte de la selección de obras originales procedentes de museos e instituciones colaboradoras que fueron tratadas con poliacetato de vinilo. De éstas obras se extrajeron muestras para caracterizar su composición y estado conservación. Una vez conocida la estructura de las obras se prepararon muestras probeta simulando las obras originales y se sometieron a un proceso de envejecimiento acelerado. A partir de estos simulacros se realizaron análisis para conocer los efectos derivados del uso del PVAc en tratamientos de conservación-restauración. Las técnicas de análisis empleadas fueron: medición de pH, espectroscopía de IR por transformada de Fourier (FTIR), análisis de pirolisis-cromatografía de gases / espectrometría de masas (Py-GC-MS), espectroscopia Raman por transformada de Fourier (FT-Raman), análisis de color, microscopía electrónica de barrido, espectroscopia de dispersión de rayos X (SEM-EDX) y microscopía óptica. Con la divulgación de los resultados acerca de la composición, pH, color, efectos del adhesivo sobre los soportes, propiedades mecánicas y reversibilización del adhesivo, obtenidos de las muestras probeta antes y después de la primera fase de envejecimiento acelerado, así como en unas muestras de adhesivos envejecidas de forma natural durante 10 años, se pretende fomentar la difusión y el intercambio de información entre los centros dedicados a la Conservación-Restauración del patrimonio.

Identificación de patologías causadas por el PVAc en Bienes Culturales

Esta contribución presenta el Proyecto de investigación que se está llevando a cabo en la Sección de Conservación¿Restauración de la Facultad de Bellas Artes de la Universidad de Barcelona desde el año 2006. El proyecto tiene por objetivo identificar los problemas que generan los tratamientos con PVAc, poliacetato de vinilo, en diversos bienes patrimoniales, así como el establecimiento de protocolos para la reversibilización del adhesivo. El trabajo se centra en los materiales de archivo, los materiales arqueológicos, la pinturasobre tela, sobre madera y la pintura mural por ser casos especialmente representativos de patrimonio en los que se ha utilizado este adhesivo y en los que se pueden detectar problemas derivados de su utilización. El estudio parte de la selección de obras originales procedentes de museos e instituciones colaboradoras que fueron tratadas con poliacetato de vinilo. De éstas obras se extrajeron muestras para caracterizar su composición y estado conservación. Una vez conocida la estructura de las obras se prepararon muestras probeta simulando las obras originales y se sometieron a un proceso de envejecimiento acelerado. A partir de estos simulacros se realizaron análisis para conocer los efectos derivados del uso del PVAc en tratamientos de conservación-restauración. Las técnicas de análisis empleadas fueron: medición de pH, espectroscopía de IR por transformada de Fourier (FTIR), análisis de pirolisis-cromatografía de gases / espectrometría de masas (Py-GC-MS), espectroscopia Raman por transformada de Fourier (FT-Raman), análisis de color, microscopía electrónica de barrido, espectroscopia de dispersión de rayos X (SEM-EDX) y microscopía óptica. Con la divulgación de los resultados acerca de la composición, pH, color, efectos del adhesivo sobre los soportes, propiedades mecánicas y reversibilización del adhesivo, obtenidos de las muestras probeta antes y después de la primera fase de envejecimiento acelerado, así como en unas muestras de adhesivos envejecidas de forma natural durante 10 años, se pretende fomentar la difusión y el intercambio de información entre los centros dedicados a la Conservación-Restauración del patrimonio.

Bond strength tests of dental adhesive systems and their correlation with clinical results : a meta-analysis

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the variability of bond strength test results of adhesive systems (AS) and to correlate the results with clinical parameters of clinical studies investigating cervical restorations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Regarding the clinical studies, the internal database which had previously been used for a meta-analysis on cervical restorations was updated with clinical studies published between 2008 and 2012 by searching the PubMed and SCOPUS databases. PubMed and the International Association for Dental Research abstracts online were searched for laboratory studies on microtensile, macrotensile and macroshear bond strength tests. The inclusion criteria were (1) dentin, (2) testing of at least four adhesive systems, (3) same diameter of composite and (4) 24h of water storage prior to testing. The clinical outcome variables were retention loss, marginal discoloration, detectable margins, and a clinical index comprising the three parameters by weighing them. Linear mixed models which included a random study effect were calculated for both, the laboratory and the clinical studies. The variability was assessed by calculating a ratio of variances, dividing the variance among the estimated bonding effects obtained in the linear mixed models by the sum of all variance components estimated in these models. RESULTS: Thirty-two laboratory studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria comprising 183 experiments. Of those, 86 used the microtensile test evaluating 22 adhesive systems (AS). Twenty-seven used the macrotensile test with 17 AS, and 70 used the macroshear test with 24 AS. For 28 AS the results from clinical studies were available. Microtensile and macrotensile (Spearman rho=0.66, p=0.007) were moderately correlated and also microtensile and macroshear (Spearman rho=0.51, p=0.03) but not macroshear and macrotensile (Spearman rho=0.34, p=0.22). The effect of the adhesive system was significant for microtensile and macroshear (p<0.001) but not for macrotensile. The effect of the adhesive system could explain 36% of the variability of the microtensile test, 27% of the macrotensile and 33% of the macroshear test. For the clinical trials, about 49% of the variability of retained restorations could be explained by the adhesive system. With respect to the correlation between bond strength tests and clinical parameters, only a moderate correlation between micro- and macrotensile test results and marginal discoloration was demonstrated. However, no correlation between these tests and a retention loss or marginal integrity was shown. The correlation improved when more studies were included compared to assessing only one study. SIGNIFICANCE: The high variability of bond strength test results highlights the need to establish individual acceptance levels for a given test institute. The weak correlation of bond-strength test results with clinical parameters leads to the conclusion that one should not rely solely on bond strength tests to predict the clinical performance of an adhesive system but one should conduct other laboratory tests like tests on the marginal adaptation of fillings in extracted teeth and the retention loss of restorations in non-retentive cavities after artificial aging.

Fibre-reinforced composites as root canal posts

Fibre-reinforced composite (FRC) root canal posts are suggested to have biomechanical benefits over traditional metallic posts, but they lack good adhesion to resin composites. The aim of this series of studies was to evaluate the adhesion of individually formed fibre-reinforced composite material to composite resin and dentin, as well as some mechanical properties. Flexural properties were evaluated and compared between individually formed FRC post material and different prefabricated posts. The depth of polymerization of the individually formed FRC post material was evaluated with IR spectrophotometry and microhardness measurements, and compared to that of resin without fibres. Bonding properties of the individually formed FRC post to resin cements and dentin were tested using Pull-out- and Push-out-force tests, evaluated with scanning electron microscopy, and compared to those of prefabricated FRC and metal posts. Load-bearing capacity and microstrain were evaluated and failure mode assessment was made on incisors restored with individually formed FRC posts of different structures and prefabricated posts. The results of these studies show that the individually polymerized and formed FRC post material had higher flexural properties compared to the commercial prefabricated FRC posts. The individually polymerized FRC material showed almost the same degree of conversion after light polymerization as monomer resin without fibres. Moreover, it was found that the individually formed FRC post material with a semiinterpenetrating polymer network (IPN) polymer matrix bonded better to composite resin luting cement, than did the prefabricated posts with a cross-linked polymer matrix. Furthermore, it was found that, contrary to the other posts, there were no adhesive failures between the individually formed FRC posts and composite resin luting cement. This suggests better interfacial adhesion of cements to these posts. Although no differences in load-bearing capacity or microstrain could be seen, the incisors restored with individually formed FRC posts with a hollow structure showed more favourable failures compared to other prefabricated posts. These studies suggest that it is possible to use individually formed FRC material with semi-IPN polymer matrix as root canal post material. They also indicate that there are benefits especially regarding the bonding properties to composite resin and dentin with this material compared to prefabricated FRC post material with a cross-linked matrix. Furthermore, clinically more repairable failures were found with this material compared to those of prefabricated posts.

Bacterial adhesion efficiency on implant abutments: a comparative study

The attachment of Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 28213 onto six different materials used to manufacture dental implant abutments was quantitatively determined after 2 and 24 h of contact between the materials and the bacterial cultures. The materials were topographically characterized and their wettability determined, with both parameters subsequently related to bacterial adhesion. Atomic force microscopy, interferometry, and contact angle measurement were used to characterize the materials" surfaces. The results showed that neither roughness nor nano-roughness greatly influenced bacterial attachment whereas wettability strongly correlated with adhesion. After 2 h the degree of E. coli attachment markedly differed depending on the material whereas similar differences were not observed for S. aureus, which yielded consistently higher counts of adhered cells. Nevertheless, after 24 h the adhesion of the two species to the different test materials no longer significantly differed, although on all surfaces the numbers of finally adhered E. coli were higher than those of S. aureus

Alcatrão ou creosoto de eucalipto na produção de adesivos fenólicos para colagem de madeira

This study has shown that Eucalyptus tar and creosote can be used in phenolic adhesive formulations (resols) for wood products bonding. Some adhesives were prepared substituting 0; 17.7; 35.0 and 67.0% of the phenol by anhydrous tar and 0; 15.0 e 28.5% by creosote. In gluing Brazilian pine veneers, eucalypt tar and creosote based adhesives required longer pressing times for curing than conventional phenol-formaldehyde adhesives. By using 13C NMR, the number of carbons in side chains and hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl and methoxyl groups related to 100 aromatic rings could be estimated in tar and creosote. In creosote, after reaction with excess formaldehyde in alkaline medium, only 0,28 hydroxymethyl groups was detected per phenolic ring. This low amount of hydroxymethylation explains the lack of reactivity in curing observed when creosote was introduced in a standard adhesive formulation.

Joseph Neng Shun Kwong: a famous and obscure scientist

Many students and professionals in chemistry and chemical engineering related the name Kwong with one of the most remarkable equations of state with two parameters. In the same way, very few people know who Kowng was. This article shows some of the unknown personal and professional facts of Joseph Neng Shun Kwong, a person who devoted almost four decades of his life to the industrial research in the adhesives industry.

Adhesivos tipo poliuretano obtenidos a partir de aceite de ricino y almidón químicamente modificados

This study reports the preparation of polyurethane adhesives using polyols obtained from castor oil modified by a transesterification reaction with pentaerythritol and starch modified by glycosylation. The physical properties of the polyols such as hydroxyl value were determined and the infrared spectroscopic analysis of the polyols reported. The effect of varying the hydroxyl value in the polyols on physical properties of polyurethane coatings on wood and steel panels was determined. The characterization of polyurethane coatings carried out by IR spectroscopic analysis, scratch hardness resistance, impact resistance, lap shear strength, T-peel strength measurements, solvent resistance and chemical resistant determination were reported.

Pinnoiteteollisuudessa syntyvien maalijätteiden hyötykäyttö ja uudet liiketoimintamahdollisuudet

Tämän diplomityön tavoite on kartoittaa maalien ja lakkojen valmistuksessa syntyvien sivuvirtojen hyötykäyttöä ja hyötykäyttöpotentiaalia nykyisellään. Työn tarkoitus on toimia esiselvityksenä pinnoiteteollisuuden sivuvirtojen hyötykäyttöön liittyvien liiketoimintamahdollisuuksien syvemmälle analyysille. Teollisuuden sivuvirtoihin liittyvää tietoa kerätään tilastoista ja olemassa olevista raporteista sekä haastattelemalla teollisuus- ja palveluyritysten edustajia sekä alan asiantuntijoita. Sivuvirtojen teknisten hyötykäyttömahdollisuuksien ja liiketoiminnallisten mahdollisuuksien tarkastelua varten järjestetään työpajoja asiantuntijoille Apila Group Oy Ab:n asiantuntijaverkostossa. Neljässä haastatellussa tuotantolaitoksissa syntyi vuonna 2008 yhteensä 6 662 tonnia kiinteää jätettä ja lietteitä. 68 % näistä sivuvirroista hyötykäytettiin energiana tai polttoaineen valmistuksessa. Materiaalina sivuvirtoja hyötykäytettiin 16 % sivuvirroista, pääasiassa pahvia, paperia, metalleja sekä tynnyreitä ja kontteja. Myös merkittävä osa liuottimista otettiin talteen uudelleenhyödyntämistä varten. Tässä diplomityössä hyötykäyttömahdollisuuksien tarkempaa tarkastelua varten valittiin tavanomaisiksi jätteiksi luokiteltuja maalisivuvirtoja, joita haastatelluissa tuotantolaitoksissa syntyi noin 1 500 tonnia. Maalisivuvirtojen tärkeimmät materiaaliominaisuudet liittyvät niiden sisältämiin täyte- ja sideaineisiin, jotka muodostavat merkittävän osan maalien koostumuksesta. Selvityksen mukaan nämä ominaisuudet voidaan ottaa hyötykäyttöön erilaisissa yhdistelmämateriaaleissa, esimerkiksi ekstruusiopuristetuissa tai ahtopuristetuissa muovikuitukomposiiteissa. Komposiittien raaka-aineena käytetään jo erilaisia sivuvirtoja ja lisäksi erilaisten komposiittien markkinoiden ennustetaan kasvavan. Tämä voi tarjota mahdollisuuksia uusille palvelu-, t&k- tai tuotteistusliiketoiminnoille. Kuivilla maalijätteillä on myös hyvä lämpöarvo, jolloin energiahyötykäytön ja palamisjäännöksen materiaalihyötykäytön yhdistäminen mm. keramiikka- tai sementtiteollisuudessa voi tarjota mahdollisuuksia uusille liiketoiminnoille.