Dietary digestible lysine requirement and essential amino acid to lysine ratio for pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Analysis of the Nicotiana tabacum Stigma/Style Transcriptome Reveals Gene Expression Differences between Wet and Dry Stigma Species

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Influence of Intensive Agriculture on Dry Deposition of Aerosol Nutrients

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Different substances and dry-needling injections in patients with myofascial pain and headaches

Trigger point injections with different solutions have been studied mainly with regard to the management of myofascial pain (MFP) patient management. However, few studies have analyzed their effect in a chronic headache population with associated MFP. The purpose of this study was to assess if trigger point injections using lidocaine associated with corticoid would be better than lidocaine alone, as in comparison with dry-needling in for the management of local pain and associated headache management. Forty-five (45) myofascial pain patients with headaches that could be reproduced by activating at least one trigger point, were randomly assigned into one of the three groups: G1, dry-needling, G2, 0.25% lidocaine, at 0.25% and G3, 0.25% lidocaine at 0.25% associated with corticoid, and were assessed during a 12 week period. Levels of pain intensity, frequency and duration, local post-injection sensitivity, obtainment time and duration of relief, and the use of rescue medication were evaluated. Statistically, all three groups showed favorable results for the evaluated requisites (p <= 0.05), but only for post-injection sensitivity did the association of lidocaine with corticoid present the best results and ingestion of rescue medication.

Effects of processing on physical characteristics of diets with distinct levels of carbohydrates and lipids: the outcomes on the growth of pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

EFFECTS of SELENIUM SUPPLEMENTATION on CATTLE ANTI-RABIES HUMORAL IMMUNE RESPONSE and LEVELS of SERUM SELENIUM and CORTISOL

This study evaluated the effect of different concentrations of selenium (Se) supplementation on cattle anti-rabies humoral immune response, serum Se concentrations and cortisol levels. Sixty uncastrated male Nelore calves from 10 to 12 months grazing on Brachiaria decumbens forage were studied. The animals were assigned to one of four groups (n = 15 each), which received non-supplemented diets (Gc) or supplemented with daily and individual Selenium ( Se) concentrations of 3.6 mg (G(3.6)), 5.4 mg (G(5.4)) or 6.4 mg (G(6.4)). The calves were immunized on day 0 with one dose of commercial liquid inactivated rabies vaccination. on days 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120, the cattle underwent the same stressing procedures used for vaccination in the corral. Cattle blood samples were collected after vaccination and stressing procedures to determine serum Se levels, rabies antibody titers and serum cortisol. Se levels were also determined in forage samples collected from the paddocks in which the cattle were held. Se concentration in B. decumbens was 0.04 mg of Se/kg dry matter. Baseline Se levels obtained on day 0 were higher in Gc than in G(5.4) and G(6.4) (P = 0.005). Serum Se levels decreased in Gc throughout the experiment (P < 0.004), increased in G(3.6) (P < 0.000) and G(5.4) (P < 0.000) and were kept high from day 60 on in group G(6.4) (P < 0.002). Rabies antibody titers did not differ among control and supplemented groups. However, 120 days after vaccination rabies antibody titers were kept above protective levels (>= 0.5 UI/mL) only in group G(3.6) (P < 0.00002), whereas they dropped in the other groups (P < 0.05). Serum cortisol levels did not differ among the experimental groups (P = 0.79), reached peak levels on day 90 and returned close to baseline levels on day 120. Se and cortisol levels were not markedly correlated. Serum cortisol and rabies antibody titers were correlated only in group G(6.4), on day 60 (R = 0.513; P = 0.05) and 120 (R = 0.644; P = 0.009). Serum Se and rabies antibody titers were correlated only in group G(6.4), on day 60 (R = -0.580; P = 0.023). In conclusion: a) the profile of Se variation is different among groups receiving different concentrations of this element; b) the supplementation dosage of 3.6 mg Se/animal/day is efficient to treat/prevent marginal Se deficiency; c) individual supplementation with daily concentrations of 3.6 mg Se enhances the maintenance of rabies antibody titers in cattle; d) individual supplementation with daily concentrations of 3.6; 5.4 and 6.4 mg Se are ineffective in reducing serum cortisol; e) repeated cattle handling in corrals stress animals that adapt to these procedures, although serum cortisol does not return to baseline levels by 120 days; and f) the stress generated by repeated management in cattle in the corral does not diminish antibody titers after vaccination against rabies.

PLANT-TO-SEED TRANSMISSION of CURTOBACTERIUM FLACCUMFACIENS pv. FLACCUMACIENS IN A DRY BEAN CULTIVAR

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Kinetic properties of glycerophosphate oxidase isolated from dry baker's yeast

The glycerophosphate oxidase is a flavoprotein responsible for the catalysis of the oxidation of the glycerophosphate to dihydroxyacetone phosphate, through the reduction of the oxygen to hydrogen peroxide. The glycerophosphate oxidase from baker's yeast was specific for L-alpha-glycerol phosphate. It was estimated by monitoring the consumption of oxygen with an oxygraph. An increase of 32% in consumption of oxygen was obtained when the enzyme was concentrated 16-fold. The assay of enzyme was determined by the peroxidase chromogen method followed at 500 nm. The procedure for the standardization of the activity of the glycerophosphate oxidase from baker's yeast was accomplished, and the pH and temperature stability showed that the enzyme presented a high stability at pH 8.0, and the thermal stability was maintained up to 60 degrees C during I h. Such method allowed quantifying in the range 92-230 mM of glycerol phosphate, an important intermediate metabolite from lipid biosynthesis and glycolytic routes. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Productive and reproductive performance of heifers fed different levels of urea in the diet

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the nutrient intake, blood parameters, follicular diameter and performance of pre-puberty crossbred heifers fed isoproteic diets (14.1%CP) containing 0.0; 0.44; 0.88 and 1.32% urea on the total dry matter (DM) of the diet, with a 77:23 roughage:concentrate ratio. Twenty-four 18- month old heifers (Holstein x Zebu), 277.9 kg mean live weight (LW) were used, distributed in four treatments and six replications in a randomized complete design. The following were evaluated: dry matter intake (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), ether extract (EE), hemicellulose (HEM), plasmatic ureic nitrogen (PUN), plasmatic glucose, plasmatic total cholesterol, follicular diameter and daily weight gain (DWG). No influence of the urea levels in the diet was observed on NDF and HEM intake. A maximum intake was obtained of DM (8.75 kg day(-1)), CP (0.88 kg day(-1)), ADF (2.5 kg day(-1)) and EE (0.17 kg day(-1)) respectively for the levels 0.7, 0.8, 0.7 and 0.7% urea in total DM. The 0.6%; 0.77% and 0.6% urea levels in diet were the critical points for obtaining maximum response for the PUN (10.96 mg dL(-1)) and plasmatic glucose (84.97 mg dL(-1)) concentrations and, for follicular diameter (11.08 mm) on the 40(th); 24(th) and 31(st) day, respectively. The plasmatic total cholesterol concentration and DWG were not influenced by the urea added to the diet, with averages of 119.39 mg dL(-1) and 1.66 kg day(-1), respectively. It was concluded that urea can be added up to 1.32% on the total DM of the diet for pre-puberty crossbred heifers.

Resveratrol toxicity: Effects on risk factors for atherosclerosis and hepatic oxidative stress in standard and high-fat diets

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Fibre analysis and fibre digestibility in pet foods - a comparison of total dietary fibre, neutral and acid detergent fibre and crude fibre

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Fluctuations in Richness and Abundance of Social Wasps During the Dry and Wet Seasons in Three Phyto-Physiognomies at the Tropical Dry Forest of Brazil

The social wasp nests were quantified in three different plant physiognomies (forested Caatinga, shrubby Caatinga, and agricultural systems) to analyze the effect of environmental seasonality and plant physiognomy on the richness, nest abundance, and species composition of social wasps in the region of tropical dry forest of Brazil. The forested Caatinga physiognomy had the greatest richness of species (S = 16), followed by shrubby Caatinga (S 13) and by agricultural system (S = 12). The first axis of detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) explained 67.8% of the variability and shows a gradient of the fauna from agricultural system and shrubby Caatinga to forested Caatinga. In the first axis, wet season scores were much higher than those for the dry season in forested Caatinga. The second axis explained 18.7% of the variability and shows a separation of samples collected during the wet or the dry periods in shrubby Caatinga. This separation was less evident in the agricultural system. Variations in nest abundance were more intense in arbustive caatinga (45% decrease in number of active nests in the dry period), moderate in forested Caatinga (24% decrease in number of active nests in the dry period), and low in agricultural systems (8% decrease in the dry period).