E-Portfolios als Instrument zur Professionalisierung in der Lehrer- und Lehrerinnenausbildung

E-Portfolios haben in den letzten Jahren große Aufmerksamkeit in der aktuellen pädagogischen Fachdiskussion erfahren und können als einer der wesentlichen Trends bezeichnet werden. Mit der Bologna-konformen Überarbeitung der Lehrpläne an Hochschulen und Universitäten und der Ausrichtung de Studien an Kompetenzen (Outcome- statt Input-Orientierung) bzw. Lernerzentrierung haben immer mehr E-Portfolios den Eingang in die Curricula verschiendenster Aus- und Weiterbildungsstudien gefunden. Dieses Buch beschreibt die Arbeit mit E-Portfolios in der schulpraktischen Hochschulausbildung von Lehrerinnen und Lehrern mit dem Ziel, motivationale und technologische Faktoren der Nutzung von E-Portfolios durch Studierende zu bewerten und E-Portfolios sowohl als Werkzeug als auch als Methode in der Pädagogen- und Pädagoginnenbildung weiterzuentwickeln.

General Catalog 1987–1989, Iowa State University Bulletin

The Iowa State University Bulletin is a general catalog of information regarding fees, curricula and related policies and procedures.

Iowa State University Bulletin, General Catalog 1991–93

The Iowa State University Bulletin is a general catalog of information regarding fees, curricula and related policies and procedures.

General Catalog 1985–87, Iowa State University Bulletin

The Iowa State University Bulletin is a general catalog of information regarding fees, curricula and related policies and procedures.

Iowa State University Bulletin, General Catalog 1995–97

The Iowa State University Bulletin is a general catalog of information regarding fees, curricula and related policies and procedures.

Iowa State University Bulletin, General Catalog 1993–95

The Iowa State University Bulletin is a general catalog of information regarding fees, curricula and related policies and procedures.

General Catalog 1983–85, Iowa State University Bulletin

The Iowa State University Bulletin is a general catalog of information regarding fees, curricula and related policies and procedures.

General Catalog 1989–1991, Iowa State University Bulletin

The Iowa State University Bulletin is a general catalog of information regarding fees, curricula and related policies and procedures.

Die Entwicklung und Implementierung einer neuen staatlichen Schlussprüfung Humanmedizin am Beispiel Schweiz – Ergebnisse und Daten zur Prüfungsqualität der ersten 2 Kohorten sowie Überlegungen zur Qualitätssicherung und zur Weiterentwicklung der Prüfung

Hintergrund: Im Rahmen des neuen nationalen Medizinalberufegesetzes [http://www.admin.ch/ch/d/as/2007/4031.pdf], [http://www.bag.admin.ch/themen/berufe/07918/07919/index.html], der Entwicklung hin zu Kompetenz-basierten Curricula [1] und der Einführung der Bologna-Reform in den medizinischen Studiengängen [2] wurde in der Schweiz eine neue eidgenössische Schlussprüfung Humanmedizin unter Aufsicht des Bundes und in Zusammenarbeit mit den medizinischen Fakultäten in zwei Sprachen (D/F) entwickelt und 2011 erstmals durchgeführt. Projektbeschreibung: Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden die Rahmenbedingungen für die Implementierung aufgezeigt und die Entwicklung der Gesamtprüfung als Pass/Fail-Prüfung einschliesslich ihrer 2 Einzelprüfungen beschrieben. Die 1. Einzelprüfung besteht aus einer schriftlichen Prüfung (MCQ) an 2 Prüfungstagen zu je 4.5 h mit je 150 interdisziplinären, taxonomisch auf Anwendungswissen ausgerichteten Fragen. Die 2. Einzelprüfung umfasst eine strukturierte, klinisch-praktische CS-Prüfung (OSCE) mit insgesamt 12 Rotationsposten über je 13 min Dauer und je 2 min Rotationszeit zwischen den Posten. Zur Qualitätssicherung wurden zahlreiche Massnahmen ergriffen wie z.B. die Schulung der standardisierten Patienten anhand zentraler Standardisierungsvorlagen. Der Gesamtblueprint ist abgestimmt auf den Schweizer Lernzielkatalog Humanmedizin [http://sclo.smifk.ch] und beinhaltet die 2 Hauptdimensionen „General Objectives/CanMed Roles“ und „Problems as Starting Points“. Ergebnisse: Die Prüfung wurde an allen 5 Standorten 2011 und 2012 erfolgreich durchgeführt. Die Prüfungsresultate der ersten 2 Kohorten differenziert nach Gesamtprüfung und Einzelprüfungen zeigen in etwa die erwarteten Werte hinsichtlich der Bestehensquote. Die Metadaten zur Prüfungsqualität zeigen für beide Jahre, dass die angestrebte Messzuverlässigkeit der Prüfung mit einem Cronbach Alpha als Mass für die Reliabilität von im Mittel α=0.9 für die MCQ Einzelprüfung und von im Mittel α>0.8 für die CS-Einzelprüfung erreicht wurde. Diskussion und Schlussfolgerungen: Basierend auf den Erfahrungen und Daten der ersten 2 Prüfungskohorten kann gesagt werden, dass die Implementierung einer neuen nationalen Prüfung, die neben der neu ausgerichteten MCQ-Einzelprüfung erstmals mit einem strukturierten, objektivierbaren und national standardisierten Instrument klinische Fähigkeiten und Fertigkeiten misst, grundsätzlich gelungen ist. In diesem Kontext muss die Relevanz der intensiven Koordination und Abstimmung von der Gesetzgebung und den Verordnungsvorgaben bis hin zum Lernzielkatalog und dem korrespondierenden Gesamtblueprint der Prüfung hervorgehoben werden. Bezüglich der zukünftigen Entwicklung werden Aspekte der Qualitätssicherung und der Weiterentwicklung der Gesamtprüfung auch im Sinne von ergänzenden Prüfungsformaten diskutiert werden.

The Impact of a Brief Intervention on Medical Students' Readiness to Screen for DV - Changes in Decisional Balance and Self-Efficacy

Introduction: Domestic violence (DV) affects millions of Americans each year. Yet, there is a dearth of theory-based DV curricula, resulting in physicians unprepared to screen for DV. This study utilized a survey based on constructs from the Transtheoretical Model to assess the readiness of first- and second-year medical students to screen for DV. Information from this survey will be used to help institutionalize DV education into the medical curriculum. [See PDF for complete abstract]

Operationalizing Professionalism: A Course in Ethical Decision Making

All U.S. medical schools require some medical ethics education and must now ensure that their graduates, residents, and faculty exhibit competence in the area of professionalism and professional medical ethics. However, there remain many challenges to implementing formal ethics and professionalism education into medical school curricula. [See PDF for complete abstract]

Sexual Health Education from the Perspective of School Staff: Implications for Adoption and Implementation of Effective Programs in Middle School

Introduction: US teens are having sex early; however, the vast majority of schools do not implement evidence-based sexual health education (SHE) programs that could delay sexual behavior and/or reduce risky behavior. This study examines middle school staff’s knowledge, attitudes, barriers, self-efficacy, and perceived support (psychosocial factors known to influence SHE program adoption and implementation). Methods: Professional school staff from 33 southeast Texas middle schools completed an internet or paper-based survey. Prevalence estimates for psychosocial variables were computed for the total sample. Chi-square and t-test analyses examined variation by demographic factors. Results: Almost 70% of participants were female, 37% white, 42% black, 16% Hispanic; 20% administrators, 15% nurses/counselors, 31% non-physical education/non-health teachers, 28% physical education/health teachers; mean age = 42.78 years (SD = 10.9). Over 90% favored middle school SHE, and over 75% reported awareness of available SHE curricula or policies. More than 60% expressed confidence for discussing SHE. Staff perceived varying levels of administrator (28%-56%) support for SHE and varying levels of support for comprehensive sex education from outside stakeholders (e.g., parents, community leaders) (42%-85%). Overall, results were more favorable for physical education/health teachers, nurses/counselors, and administrators (when compared to non-physical education/non-health teachers) and individuals with experience teaching SHE. Few significant differences were observed by other demographic factors. Conclusions: Overall, study results were extremely positive, which may reflect a high level of readiness among school staff for adopting and implementing effective middle school SHE programs. Study results highlight the importance of several key action items for schools.

Improving executive functions in 5- and 6-year-olds: Evaluation of a small group intervention in prekindergarten and kindergarten children

Research suggests a central role of executive functions for children's cognitive and social development during preschool years, especially in promoting school readiness. Interventions aiming to improve executive functions are therefore being called for. The present study examined the effect of a small group intervention implemented in kindergarten settings focusing on basic components of executive functions, i.e., working memory, interference control and cognitive flexibility. A total of 135 children enrolled in Swiss prekindergarten (5-year-olds) and kindergarten (6-year-olds) were involved. Results revealed that the small group intervention promoted gains in all three included components of executive functions: prekindergarten children substantially improved their working memory and cognitive flexibility processes, whereas significant training effects were found for the kindergarten children in interference control. Implications of these findings for early intervention programs and for tailoring preschool curricula are discussed, particularly with respect to children's school readiness. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Education for specialization in prosthodontics in Switzerland and the role of EPA.

Advertisement for any dental treatment was rare in Switzerland. Then the use of digital media became popular, particularly in the field of implant- and esthetic-dentistry. In parallel to the dental schools of public universities, private universities and companies built up centers for continuing education that issue specialists diplomas and M.Sc. degrees. Prosthodontics itself is characterized by many sub-disciplines that incorporated their own associations. These also offer graduate training curricula which diminish the significance of specialization in prosthodontics. Specialized prosthodontists do not have a financial benefit in Switzerland where dentistry is not supported by any insurance. In other European countries funding of prosthodontic treatment depends on their healthcare systems. There are four specialties in Dentistry recognized by the European Union (EU). Specialization in prosthodontics was introduced in Sweden already in 1982 and today it is declared in about 20 European countries, while for others no recognized program exists. Thus there are great variations with more recognized specialists in former east European countries. In Switzerland the prosthodontic specialization curriculum was developed and guided by the Swiss Society for Reconstructive Dentistry, and only in 2001 it became fully acknowledged by the Federal Department of Health. The four Swiss Universities offer the 3-year program under the supervision of the society, while the government remains the executive body. In 2003 EPA tried to set up guidelines and quality standards for an EPA recognized specialization. In spite of these attempts and the Bologna Reform in Europe, it appears that the quality standards and the level of education still may differ significantly among European countries.

An investigation into the factors that encourage learner participation in a large group medical classroom

BACKGROUND: Effective lectures often incorporate activities that encourage learner participation. A challenge for educators is how to facilitate this in the large group lecture setting. This study investigates the individual student characteristics involved in encouraging (or dissuading) learners to interact, ask questions, and make comments in class. METHODS: Students enrolled in a Doctor of Veterinary Medicine program at Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, St Kitts, were invited to complete a questionnaire canvassing their participation in the large group classroom. Data from the questionnaire were analyzed using Excel (Microsoft, Redmond, WA, USA) and the R software environment (http://www.r-project.org/). RESULTS: One hundred and ninety-two students completed the questionnaire (response rate, 85.7%). The results showed statistically significant differences between male and female students when asked to self-report their level of participation (P=0.011) and their confidence to participate (P<0.001) in class. No statistically significant difference was identified between different age groups of students (P=0.594). Student responses reflected that an "aversion to public speaking" acted as the main deterrent to participating during a lecture. Female participants were 3.56 times more likely to report a fear of public speaking than male participants (odds ratio 3.56, 95% confidence interval 1.28-12.33, P=0.01). Students also reported "smaller sizes of class and small group activities" and "other students participating" as factors that made it easier for them to participate during a lecture. CONCLUSION: In this study, sex likely played a role in learner participation in the large group veterinary classroom. Male students were more likely to participate in class and reported feeling more confident to participate than female students. Female students in this study commonly identified aversion to public speaking as a factor which held them back from participating in the large group lecture setting. These are important findings for veterinary and medical educators aiming to improve learner participation in the classroom. Potential ways of addressing this challenge include addition of small group activities and audience response systems during lectures, and inclusion of training interventions in public speaking at an early stage of veterinary and medical curricula.