QoS online routing and MPLS multilevel protection: a survey

A survey of MPLS protection methods and their utilization in combination with online routing methods is presented in this article. Usually, fault management methods pre-establish backup paths to recover traffic after a failure. In addition, MPLS allows the creation of different backup types, and hence MPLS is a suitable method to support traffic-engineered networks. In this article, an introduction of several label switch path backup types and their pros and cons are pointed out. The creation of an LSP involves a routing phase, which should include QoS aspects. In a similar way, to achieve a reliable network the LSP backups must also be routed by a QoS routing method. When LSP creation requests arrive one by one (a dynamic network scenario), online routing methods are applied. The relationship between MPLS fault management and QoS online routing methods is unavoidable, in particular during the creation of LSP backups. Both aspects are discussed in this article. Several ideas on how these actual technologies could be applied together are presented and compared

Adding QoS protection in order to enhance MPLS QoS routing

In this paper, a method for enhancing current QoS routing methods by means of QoS protection is presented. In an MPLS network, the segments (links) to be protected are predefined and an LSP request involves, apart from establishing a working path, creating a specific type of backup path (local, reverse or global). Different QoS parameters, such as network load balancing, resource optimization and minimization of LSP request rejection should be considered. QoS protection is defined as a function of QoS parameters, such as packet loss, restoration time, and resource optimization. A framework to add QoS protection to many of the current QoS routing algorithms is introduced. A backup decision module to select the most suitable protection method is formulated and different case studies are analyzed

Partial disjoint path for multi-layer protection in GMPLS networks

In this paper, different recovery methods applied at different network layers and time scales are used in order to enhance the network reliability. Each layer deploys its own fault management methods. However, current recovery methods are applied to only a specific layer. New protection schemes, based on the proposed partial disjoint path algorithm, are defined in order to avoid protection duplications in a multi-layer scenario. The new protection schemes also encompass shared segment backup computation and shared risk link group identification. A complete set of experiments proves the efficiency of the proposed methods in relation with previous ones, in terms of resources used to protect the network, the failure recovery time and the request rejection ratio

Enhanced multi-layer protection in multi-service GMPLS networks

This paper focuses on QoS routing with protection in an MPLS network over an optical layer. In this multi-layer scenario each layer deploys its own fault management methods. A partially protected optical layer is proposed and the rest of the network is protected at the MPLS layer. New protection schemes that avoid protection duplications are proposed. Moreover, this paper also introduces a new traffic classification based on the level of reliability. The failure impact is evaluated in terms of recovery time depending on the traffic class. The proposed schemes also include a novel variation of minimum interference routing and shared segment backup computation. A complete set of experiments proves that the proposed schemes are more efficient as compared to the previous ones, in terms of resources used to protect the network, failure impact and the request rejection ratio

Preparing an Annotated Bibliography and overview of the Data Protection Act

Slides used in lecture, explaining coursework and providing an introduction to the Data Protection Act. Students should use these resources as guidance for the forthcoming coursework (annotated bibliography). Like all materials you can expect slides to address issues which come up future assessment activities

Data Protection Act Presentation

This is one of two presentations we have produced for the resource set part of the INFO2009 Assignment 2 Group Poster.

Data Protection and Computer Misuse Act Reference List

This is the reference lists for the resource set we have produced for the INFO2009 Assignment 2 Group Poster.

Data Protection and Computer Misuse Act Poster

This is the poster about the resource set we have produced for the INFO2009 Assignment 2 Group Poster.

Data Protection and Computer Misuse Act Poster (PDF Version)

This is the poster about the resource set we have produced for the INFO2009 Assignment 2 Group Poster.

INFO2009 Group 6 - Data Security & the Data Protection Act

Content related to the second INFO2009 assignment for Group 6's radio interview on data security and the DPA

Group 15 (Snav) - The Data Protection Act 1998

An online tutorial outlining the definitions and principles of the Data Protection Act. Contains questions on scenarios which allow the user to test their knowledge, as well as a downloadable space-shooter game which gets the user to answer Data Protection Act questions.

Data Protection Act links to film, slides, quesions; overview notes

Published on Jun 7, 2012 by icocomms This ICO training video helps answer questions about the Data Protection Act, its impact on the working environment and how to handle and protect people's information. (Produced by Central Office of Information, Crown Copyright 2006)

COMP1205 Data protection and security

Published on Jun 7, 2012 by icocomms This ICO training video helps answer questions about the Data Protection Act, its impact on the working environment and how to handle and protect people's information. (Produced by Central Office of Information, Crown Copyright 2006)

Les diverses formes pour la compensation dans la protection juridique de l’environnement: un défi pour l’épistémologie juridique

La compensation est un outil d’adaptation entre différents intérêts. Par rapport à l’environnement, il existe une diversité de formes qui appliquent de façon différente l’une de l’autre, la technique de la compensation. Autrement dit, des situations juridiques différentes appliquent la compensation comme une façon de régler un enjeu: on peut la trouver dans la forme d’indemnisation, comme dans de cas de la Fonderie du Trail et la Commission de Compensation des Nations Unies; de réglementation d’un dommage futur, étant une compensation ex ante facto, comme dans le cas de la Convention de Ramsar; et par des voies juridiques qui incitent le comportement privé à travers l’usage de certains outils de marché, comme les Mécanismes de Dèveloppement Propre, ou dans le domaine du droit national, la compensation de la biodiversité française, la «mitigation banking» américaine, la «Servidão Ambiental» Brésilienne, et l’écocompensation chinoise, entre autres. Le défi épistémologique se présente dans la diversité de sources, ainsi que d’acteurs et de domaines d’action dans le cadre juridique environnemental, en y exigeant un élargissement de la vision du droit étatique. Il s’agit aussi d’intégrer une interprétation systémique pour le rapport entre les systèmes juridiques, écologiques et économiques concernés. Il est possible d’utiliser quelques outils comme le pluralisme juridique, la théorie des systèmes et l’analyse économique du droit de l’environnement. Les concepts de corégulation et autorégulation peuvent aussi aider dans cet élargissement. D’ailleurs, des limites sont nécessaires pour l’équilibre entre la mise en oeuvre des intérêts écologiques et économiques. Ces limites sont données par le droit, par l’interprétation systémique, par l’État et par un renforcement de la responsabilité des entités privées. L’analyse presente d’abord les caractéristiques de la compensation dans des instruments économiques et juridiques. Ensuite, il est vérifié comment le pluralisme juridique, l’interprétation systémique, l’analyse économique et les concepts de corégulation et autorégulation peuvent-ils être utiles pour le regard épistémologique de la compensation, ainsi que pour son étude juridique.

Conceptual Rapprochement and the Analysis of the Historical, Normative and Jurisprudential Treatment of the Rural Workers, as Regards the Need for Special Protection

This article aims to present an approach to the issue of farm or rural zone workers, including a labour law study of agrarian legal decisions, so as to demonstrate their importance in respect to social, economic and cultural rights in Colombia. The study will serve to illustrate through the history, the applicable law and the jurisprudence, the different ways in which farmers have been treated from the time of the origin until the arrival of modern systems of industrialization. It calls into question the effectiveness of existing laws and the role of the courts, in spite of globalization, to maintain the minimum rights and guarantees of farm workers who are considered to be a vulnerable population. In conclusion, this study seeks to illustrate the current role of the Labor law and the National Health Service in the area of demonstrating of the existence or absence of mechanisms to protect workers in rural areas and the need to create some mechanisms that involve social justice given its prime importance in the Constitution of 1991.