Os distúrbios osteomusculares e suas consequências para os profissionais da odontologia

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Perfil de atividade e uso do recinto de Pinguim-de-Magalhães (Spheniscus magellanicus) em cativeiro

Os Pinguins-de-Magalhães (Spheniscus magellanicus) (Forster, 1781) são aves marinhas que se reproduzem em grandes colônias nas costas da Argentina, do Chile e nas Ilhas Malvinas. Quando animais desta espécie são mantidos em cativeiro, é frequente que deixem de exibir comportamentos típicos da espécie, tornando-se sedentários e apresentando baixo índice de reprodução. Nestas condições, por passarem muito tempo fora da água sustentando todo o peso do corpo sobre as patas apoiadas em piso firme, os pinguins podem desenvolver lesões nas patas denominadas pododermatites. Tendo em vista que o padrão temporal do comportamento é alterado por estressores e que o acompanhamento deste padrão pode contribuir para a determinação do bem estar animal, avaliamos neste estudo o padrão de atividade e de uso do recinto de três fêmeas e três machos residentes no Sabina Escola Parque do Conhecimento (Santo André, SP). Os animais foram observados por 2 a 3 dias em quatro períodos: janeiro, março, maio e julho de 2014. Foram realizadas seis varreduras sucessivas a cada 7 minutos nos seguintes intervalos de horários: 8h-8h50, 9h25-10h15, 10h50-11h40, 12h20-13h10, 13h40- 14h30 e 15h05-15h55. Em cada varredura foi registrado o estado comportamental (repouso, atividade ou não visível) e a área do recinto em que cada animal se encontrava (em quadrantes). Verificamos que os animais eram ativos na maior parte das observações visíveis: 73,4% das varreduras obtidas em janeiro, 65,8% em março, 89,0% em maio e 86,3% em julho. O coeficiente de atividade foi diferente entre os intervalos de horário: teste de Friedman em janeiro (Fr(3)=20,5; p=0,001), março (Fr(3)=19,9; p=0,001), maio (Fr(3)=15,4; p=0,01) e julho (Fr(3)=17,1; p=0,005); sendo que nos primeiros intervalos da manhã os animais eram mais ativos do que à tarde (post-hoc p<0,01). O uso da região frontal do recinto era maior pela manhã, momento sem visitação pública, nos meses de...

Saúde do trabalhador na odontologia: o cirurgião-dentista em foco

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Actitud de los docentes de las facultades de Odontologia Brasilenas ante los aspectos bioeticos, eticos y legales del tratamiento odontológico

The study consist on an analysis of attitude by professors of Brazilian Dental Schools before the aspects bioethical, ethic and legal dental treatment aspects. The data collect occurred by semi-structured questioners send by e-mail and correspondence. It was applied the content analysis, by categorical analysis technique, according to Bardin. About bioethical aspects, 94,6% cited that the decision of treatment should be realized between professional and patient, because it don t interfere on negative form (100%). Everybody consider important the interaction professional/patient, because it establishes the respect and mutual agreement between them (61,8%). Tangent at ethic aspects, 95,5% show all alternatives for determined case, even knowing that can lost patient, explaining on the technique and laical form to clear doubts(61,9%). About legal aspects, 82,4% allege that dental surgeon should treat his patient like consumer whereas offer techniques, materials and know through profession. And, like legal prove on occasional lawsuit, 57,1% mentioned that professional don t need of contract necessarily, but a good documentation about patient and e assigned by him. It concluded that these aspects should be teached always to Dentistry academics, whereas they re inherent at profession, to not stay vulnerable at future ethic, judges and other problems.

Responsabilidad profesional del cirujano odontólogo: ¿qué piensan los abogados?

The number of lawsuits against dental surgeons has increased considerably in the recent years. Probably this is due to a change in the behavior of the patients, from a passive role in the past to a more demanding stance now. A transversal study was carried out to evaluate the point of view of lawyers in Araçatuba, SP, Brazil, about the professional liability of dentist, the major reasons for treatment failure, the dental specialties more involved in legal actions, their attitudes if they were submitted to an unsuccessful dental treatment, their opinion on what the dentist should do when a patient does not accept the treatment provided, and, finally, what a dentist should do when facing a civil liability action. A questionnaire was sent to 318 lawyers, and 151 of them answered it. The results show that for most lawyers an occasional failure in the treatment occurs due to professional incompetence and, in their opinion, the specialty more involved in legal problems is orthodontics (64.7%). Of the lawyers interviewed, 27.0% affirmed they would seek another dentist and also a lawyer, if they were subjected to an unsuccessful dental treatment. For 36.5% of them, the dentist should give further information and explain the reasons why the treatment did not meet the patient's expectations. According to 36.1% of the interviewees the best policy to be adopted by the dentist in case of a civil liability action would be an extra judicial settlement.

Alterações antropométricas de lesados medulares após treinamento intervalado em natação

The goal of this study was to assess the alterations in some anthropometric measures of sedentary subjects with spinal cord injury after a swimming interval training program with the use of a lifejacket. The study included 17 male spinal cord injured subjects, divided into two groups: 11 subjects in the training group (TG) and 6 in the control group (CG).The protocol employed a stroke of breaststroke, in work periods of moderate to severe, and stroke in the back stroke in periods of active recovery. An anthropometric evaluation was applied before the application of the training protocol and another (reevaluation) after 8 weeks. In the TG, the results obtained after the swimming program showed a significant change (p < 0.05) in the supra-iliac (SICF) and in the triciptal cutaneous folds (TCF), arm and waist circumference measures, from the first evaluation to the reevaluation. In the CG there were no significant changes observed in any of the variables studied. When comparing the two groups after the swimming training program, the average of the variable SICFT in the TG was significantly lower than the average for the CG. Generally speaking, the out comings showed the swimming protocol efficiency in promoting desirable anthropometric changes in spinal cord injured subjects while a reduction of fatty tissue in the arms and abdominal region and an increase of muscular tissue in the upper limbs of those subjects also occurred.

A influência da carga imposta pela mochila escolar em alunos do ensino fundamental e médio: uma contribuição para estudos ergonômicos

This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the load carried by students in primary and secondary schools, state Vespasian /MG, and quantify the percentage established between backpack weight and body mass of these young people carry every day. The study included 916 students of both genders. Ages ranged from 10-19 years. 541 students (59.06%) carried the load backpack ranging from 10.02 to 33.43% of his body mass. Students with younger age, female students and those who opted for the backpack model designed dorsal attachment tended to carry a load higher than 10% of his body weight. 224 (24.45%) students complain of back pain and shoulder. It was concluded that the cargo is inadequate from the point of view of biomechanics and ergonomics, especially for younger individuals and females, since they are in growth phase, and this exposes them to an overhead increased risk of spinal injuries, with consequent repercussions in adulthood.

Fatores ergonômicos críticos de mochos odontológicos e sua relação com a produtividade e satisfação de cirurgiões dentistas

The purpose of the ergonomics is to generate adequate working conditions, by the correct use of equipment and appropriate anatomic positions. Ergonomics has become essential in the dentist's life while in the dental practice. The misuse of equipment in performing tasks or the wrong choice of equipment can initiate various problems like back pain, bursitis, repetitive strain injury (RSI), limitation of movement, and stress. Using a survey that was implemented with professional dentists linked to Paulista Association of Dental Surgeons (APCD) and graduate students at the Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) in the São José dos Campos (SP) region, this study intends to propose an adequate research instrument to identify ergonomic critical factors of dental stools and their relation to productivity and satisfaction of dentists. The survey was developed with Google Docs Forms tool and was designed by analysis of other studies, existing surveys and other papers in this area. Relevant content were discussed and developed questions about the stool used by dentists in their activities, the occurrence of any problems arising from the exercise of their profession and the views of respondents about the influence of using the dental stool in these cited problems as well as their productivity. Due to obstacles encountered during the project, particularly bureaucratic issues, the survey cannot be implemented as needed, resulting in a test with reduced number of answers. The users' opinion varies according to the stool used, bringing some difficulty to generalizing the answers, but if treated properly, it is possible to obtain relevant conclusions about the main aspects perceived by users in relation to the stool and the needs pointed as most important

Fatores ergonômicos críticos de mochos odontológicos e sua relação com a produtividade e satisfação de cirurgiões dentistas

The purpose of the ergonomics is to generate adequate working conditions, by the correct use of equipment and appropriate anatomic positions. Ergonomics has become essential in the dentist's life while in the dental practice. The misuse of equipment in performing tasks or the wrong choice of equipment can initiate various problems like back pain, bursitis, repetitive strain injury (RSI), limitation of movement, and stress. Using a survey that was implemented with professional dentists linked to Paulista Association of Dental Surgeons (APCD) and graduate students at the Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) in the São José dos Campos (SP) region, this study intends to propose an adequate research instrument to identify ergonomic critical factors of dental stools and their relation to productivity and satisfaction of dentists. The survey was developed with Google Docs Forms tool and was designed by analysis of other studies, existing surveys and other papers in this area. Relevant content were discussed and developed questions about the stool used by dentists in their activities, the occurrence of any problems arising from the exercise of their profession and the views of respondents about the influence of using the dental stool in these cited problems as well as their productivity. Due to obstacles encountered during the project, particularly bureaucratic issues, the survey cannot be implemented as needed, resulting in a test with reduced number of answers. The users' opinion varies according to the stool used, bringing some difficulty to generalizing the answers, but if treated properly, it is possible to obtain relevant conclusions about the main aspects perceived by users in relation to the stool and the needs pointed as most important

Entering behavior of Gasteruption brachychaetum Schrottky (Hymenoptera, Gasteruptiidae) into a nest of Hylaeus Fabricius (Hymenoptera, Colletidae)

Entering behavior of Gasteruption brachychaetum Schrottky (Hymenoptera, Gasteruptiidae) into a nest of Hylaeus Fabricius (Hymenoptera, Colletidae). Nests of Hylaeus aff. guaraniticus (Schrottky, 1906) were parasited by females of Gasteruption brachychaetum Schrottky, 1906 in trap nests in Sao Paulo(Brazil). This is the first host record of a Gasteruptiidae in the Neotropical Region. The behavior of a G. brachychaetum female entering a host's nest is described as follows: an inquiline female hovered near the host's nest, landed and detected that a female of H. aff. guaraniticus was inside the nest, waited for the host female to fly out, entered backwards into the nest, remained there for almost six minutes, and then went out the nest. The development time of immature stages of G. brachychaetum varied between 16 and 299 days.

Qualidade de vida no trabalho e distúrbios osteomusculares relacionados ao trabalho entre profissionais de enfermagem

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a associação de Qualidade de Vida no Trabalho (QVT) com os distúrbios osteomusculares (DORT) entre profissionais de enfermagem que trabalham em bloco cirúrgico. MÉTODOS: Estudo de abordagem quantitativa, descritivo, transversal e correlacional, do qual participaram 211 trabalhadores de Enfermagem de 11 hospitais de Londrina-PR, Brasil. Para coleta de dados, foram utilizados três instrumentos: caracterização sociodemográfica e profissional, Escala Visual Analógica e o Questionário Nórdico. RESULTADOS: A maioria dos participantes era de auxiliares de enfermagem (62,6%), do sexo feminino (87,1%), casados (54,5%), com idade média de 40 anos. Dentre os participantes, 38,9% apresentavam queixas osteomusculares na região inferior das costas e 37,9%, na região dos ombros. Neste estudo, a QVT obteve associação estatisticamente significante com os distúrbios osteomusculares na região lombar e dos ombros nos últimos 12 meses (p=0,00). CONCLUSÃO: A ausência de lombalgia contribuiu significativamente para elevar a medida de QVT (p=0,010), embora o modelo final de regressão tenha explicado, apenas 22,6% da variância da medida de QVT.

Mapas de dor corporal aprimoram os relatos das queixas dolorosas em pacientes com dor orofacial

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Identificar as queixas dolorosas dos pacientes é essencial para determinar diagnósticos e intervenções terapêuticas adequadas em dor orofacial (DOF). Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a frequência das queixas de dor relatadas comparando-as àquelas marcadas pelos pacientes em mapas de dor. MÉTODO: Os dados foram coletados dos prontuários de 532 pacientes da Clínica de Dor Orofacial da Faculdade de Odontologia de Araraquara. Os indivíduos responderam a um questionário informando suas queixas de dor e completaram um mapa corporal indicando as áreas dolorosas. A frequência dos relatos foi comparada à frequência dos locais identificados nos mapas. Foram consideradas nove regiões anatômicas: cabeça, face, pescoço, ombros, braços, tórax, abdômen, costas e pernas. Também foram calculados sensibilidade, especificidade e valores kappa comparando os relatos de dor aos mapas, os últimos considerados padrão-ouro. RESULTADOS: A média etária da amostra foi de 33,5 ± 13,8 anos, 33,9 ± 13,9 anos para as mulheres e 31,7 ± 13,1 anos para os homens. Foi observada maior prevalência de dor entre as mulheres. Em ambos os gêneros, as regiões com mais queixas de dor estavam localizadas na parte superior do corpo e uma diferença significativa entre os relatos de dor e os desenhos de dor foi observada para as regiões abaixo do pescoço. Os mapas de dor corporal demonstraram superioridade sobre os relatos de dor na identificação das queixas dolorosas durante a anamnese. CONCLUSÃO: O relato da queixa principal não foi um método eficiente para conhecer todas as queixas dolorosas, pois os mapas corporais evidenciaram a presença de dores adicionais em pacientes com DOF.

Los manglares de la costa brasileña: revision preliminar de la literatura

Los manglares ocurren intermitentemente a lo largo del litoral brasileño desde Cabo Orange (4°21'N) en Amapá hasta la ciudad de Laguna (28°30'S). En este trabajo se sugiere la división del litoral en 7 trechos que comparten características geomorfológicas y rangos de condiciones meteorológicas similares. Estes trechos son: Litoral Guianense, Golfão Amazónico, Litoral de Ponta Coruçá a Ponta Mangues Secos, Litoral de Ponta Mangues Secos al Cabo Calcanhar, Litoral del Cabo Calcanhar al Recôncavo Baiano, Litoral Oriental y Costa Cristalina. El mayor desarrollo del manglar ocurre en los trechos Guianense y del Gofão Amazónico. Los manglares se desarrollhan por todo el litoral aún en los sectores donde la precipitación es en el orden de 500 mm/año. En las costas expuestas se desarrolla en las áreas anegadas detrás de medanos, canales, lagunas y márgenes de los estuarios, penetrando en ocasiones 30-40 km. Coloniza además las márgenes de las grandes bahías hasta los 28°30'S donde la temperatura anual es de 19.6°C y la temperatura media del mes más frío es de 15.7°C. En el trecho del Litoral Cristalino, el manglar alcanza su límite latitudinal en el estado de Santa Catarina. Rhizophora alcanza 27°53'S mientras que Avicennia continúa hasta los 28°30'S en Laguna. En la isla de Santa Catarina se encuentran manglares bien desarrollados dominados por Avicennia. Estos manglares alcanzan un porte promedio de 7.0 ± 0.4 m, tienen un DAP de 17.9 cm, densidades totales (≥ 2.5 cm) de 431 ± 93 árboles/ha y áreas basimétricas (≥ 2.5 cm) de 7.42 ± 0.80 m2/ha. Las áreas basimétricas bajas se deben al dominio de los rodales por pocos ejemplares de diámetros moderados. Debido a estas bajas densidades, la copa es rala y los bosques son extremadamente abiertos