GABA, serotonin, muscarinic receptors - their second messengers and transcription factors functional regulation in the brain regions of hypoxic neonatal rats: Resuscitation with glucose, oxygen and epinephrine

The present study was designed to investigate the protective effect of glucose, oxygen and epinephrine resuscitation on impairment in the functional role of GABAergic, serotonergic, muscarinic receptors, PLC, BAX, SOD, CAT and GPx expression in the brain regions of hypoxia induced neonatal rats. Also, the role of hormones - Triiodothyronine (T3) and insulin, second messengers – cAMP, cGMP and IP3 and transcription factors – HIF and CREB in the regulation of neonatal hypoxia and its resuscitation methods were studied. Behavioural studies were conducted to evaluate the motor function and cognitive deficit in one month old control and experimental rats. The efficient and timely supplementation of glucose plays a crucial role in correcting the molecular changes due to hypoxia, oxygen and epinephrine. The sequence of glucose, epinephrine and oxygen administration at the molecular level is an important aspect of the study. The additive neuronal damage effect due to oxygen and epinephrine treatment is another important observation. The corrective measures by initial supply of glucose to hypoxic neonatal rats showed from the molecular study when brought to practice will lead to healthy intellectual capacity during the later developmental stages, which has immense clinical significance in neonatal care.

Automated Transcription System for Malayalam Language

Malayalam is one of the 22 scheduled languages in India with more than 130 million speakers. This paper presents a report on the development of a speaker independent, continuous transcription system for Malayalam. The system employs Hidden Markov Model (HMM) for acoustic modeling and Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficient (MFCC) for feature extraction. It is trained with 21 male and female speakers in the age group ranging from 20 to 40 years. The system obtained a word recognition accuracy of 87.4% and a sentence recognition accuracy of 84%, when tested with a set of continuous speech data.

Relativistic ab initio calculations for ion-atom collisions

Within the independent particle model we solve the time-dependent single-particle equation using ab initio SCF-DIRAC-FOCK-SLATER wavefunctions as a basis. To reinstate the many-particle aspect of the collision system we use the inclusive probability formalism to answer experimental questions. As an example we show an application to the case of S{^15+} on Ar where experimental data on the K-K charge transfer are available for a wide range of impact energies from 4.7 to 90 MeV. Our molecular adiabatic calculations and the evaluation using the inclusive probability formalism show good results in the low energy range from 4.7 to 16 MeV impact energy.

Retardation effects in ion-ion collisons [collisions]

The modification of the two center screened electronic Coulomb potential due to relativistic kinematical effects is investigated in the Coulomb gauge. Both nuclear and electronic charges were approximated by Gaussian distributions. For ion velocities v/c =0.1 the effect may roughly be approximated by a 0.1% increase in the effective strength for the monopole term of the two center potential. Thus for ion kinetic energies not exceeding a few MeV/nucleon this relativistic contribution induces small effects on the binding energy of the 1 \omega-electrons except for super critical charges.

{2p_\pi}-{2p_\sigma} crossing in heavy symmetric ion-atom collisions: I. Level structure

Ab initio self-consistent DFS calculations are performed for five different symmetric atomic systems from Ar-Ar to Pb-Pb. The level structure for the {2p_\pi}-{2p_\sigma} crossing as function of the united atomic charge Z_u is studied and interpreted. Manybody effects, spin-orbit splitting, direct relativistic effects as well as indirect relativistic effects are differently important for different Z_u. For the I-I system a comparison with other calculations is given.

Interpretation of quasimolecular L X-rays in heavy-ion collisions

Using a relativistic selfconsistent correlation diagram a first interpretation of the shape and position of L MO X-rays is given within a quasi-adiabatic model.

Influence of occupation number of single particle levels on K - K charge transfer in collisions of 90 keV - Ne{^9+} on Ne

The influence of the occupation of the single particle levels on the impact parameter dependent K - K charge transfer occuring in collisions of 90 keV Ne{^9+} on Ne was studied using coupled channel calculations. The energy eigenvalues and matrixelements for the single particle levels were taken from ab initio self consistent MO-LCAO-DIRAC-FOCK-SLATER calculations with occupation numbers corresponding to the single particle amplitudes given by the coupled channel calculations.

Application of inclusive probability theory to heavy ion-atom collisions

Using the independent particle model as our basis we present a scheme to reduce the complexity and computational effort to calculate inclusive probabilities in many-electron collision system. As an example we present an application to K - K charge transfer in collisions of 2.6 MeV Ne{^9+} on Ne. We are able to give impact parameter-dependent probabilities for many-particle states which could lead to KLL-Auger electrons after collision and we compare with experimental values.

Interpretation of the anisotropy of M MO radiation in slow I on Au collisions

A comparison between experimental and calculated spectral shape and energy dependence of the M MO x-ray anisotropy in heavy-ion collisions of I on Au is presented. The calculation is performed within the kinematic-dipole model of anisotropy using MO x-rays determined from SCF relativistic correlation diagrams.

Kr - Kr correlation diagram and its use in heavy-ion collisions

A realistic self-consistent charge correlation diagram calculation of the Kr{^2+} - Kr{^2+} system has been performed. We get excellent agreement for the 4(3/2)_u level with an experimentally observed MO level at large distances. Possible reasons for discrepancies between experiment and theory at small distances are discussed.

Evidence for an additional coupling of the innermost shells in very heavy quasi-molecular ion-atom collisions

Due to the tremendous spin-orbit splitting of quasi-molecular levels in superheavy collision systems (Z = Z_1 + Z_2 {\ge\approx} 137) bombarding energy 0.5-6 MeV N{^-1}, unusual couplings may occur around Z \simeq 165. Experimental evidence for such a theoretically predicted coupling is discussed.

Threshold behaviour of L x-ray excitation in Xe - Ag collisions

In the collision system Xe - Ag, the thresholds for excitation of quasimolecular L radiation and characteristic Ag L radiation have been found to lie at about 5 MeV and 1 MeV, respectively. These results are discussed on the basis of ab initio calculations of the screened interaction potential and the electron-correlation diagram.