817 resultados para College students -- Tobacco use -- Canada


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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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The entering at the University requires new social skills and their deficits may bring to students academic and interpersonal diffi culties. Few studies have addressed the infl uence of undergraduate periods and gender diff erences regarding social skills shown by college students, including frequency and quality which they occur and previous and consequent interaction variables. The main objective of this article is to describe the social skills shown by college students over undergraduate years. For specifi c objectives this study intends (a) the comparison of student groups in diff erent years (fi rst/second; fi rst/third; second/third) of full-time and nocturne periods, of men and women and (b) the presentation of functional analysis of interactions, considering the most frequent behaviors and contexts. For that, 85 students of Design course were analyzed through the following instruments: the Social Skills Questionnaire to College Students, Behaviors and Contexts; and the Social Skills Inventory (SSI). The results indicate diff erences between men and women and between full-time students and nocturne ones, and the greatest diff erences were in comparison between years, indicating that the fi rst and second years require greater investments in interventions, because they present greater diffi culties in communication behaviors, expressiveness and confl ict resolution. Furthermore, implications, limitations and suggestions for research are discussed.

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The interpersonal development can stimulate quality social relationship and promote people´s health. Interpersonal relationships are demanded by the university context, which requires the students to develop and to express socially skillful behaviors. However, diffi culties in interpersonal relationship in the university are common. Characterization studies can help the identifi cation of diffi culties and behavioral potentialities of students and promote effi cient trainings with college students This research aimed to: a) describe the prevalence of reports of university students who sought for psychological help, as the behavior called social skills, (b) identify the partners (family, boyfriend (a), friends, colleagues, teachers) with whom such responses are issued, (c) describe consequences reported by students that occur in the interaction with such parties. Data were obtained from semi structured interviews and IHS-Del Prette instrument. The interviews data were categorized by the analysis content and IHS-Del Prette data were computed according to concerning instructions. The outcomes describe potentialities and diffi culties that the students presented in relation to the social skills according to different aspects: university, work, love relationship, friends and family. The behaviors reported with higher frequency are related to speaking in public, talking to the partner about the relationship, speaking with friends and family members and fl irt. It was also observed that in all the categories the behaviors had as consequence more punishing than reinforcing events. The outcomes obtained of IHS-Del Prette found out that 50% of the sample showed [ok] poor social skills repertoire demanding training.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of physical activity confronting to the real and ideal body image of 65 individuals of both gender (27 women and 38 men) aged between 18 and 37 years old, all students of a Physical Education College of Santo André´s City - SP. The instruments used were the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, Short version (IPAQ, 2005) and Test for assessment of Body Image proposed by Stunkard et al., (1983) and adapted by Marsh and Roche (1996). According to the results, male subjects are more actives compared with female, as well as for the real and ideal body image males showed no significant difference, however, the females showed differences between the real and the ideal body image, between the gender no significant differences existed on the real and ideal body image. We can conclude that the students of this Physical Education College mostly presents in moderate or high level of physical activity, showing that the male are pleased with the real and ideal body image, and for a willing female body silhouette thinner ideal than real, with no significant differences between genders, and thus leading us to believe that the physical education College lead the students to experience practical activities becoming them lifestyle most active in search of a better quality of life and wellness.

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Studies have shown that aversive conditions at the university may have great influence on academic achievement and the development of psychiatric disorders such as depression. In university context, social relations have been investigated over the years, but are scarce publications relating mental health and social skills. Thus, this paper compared a group of college students with a clinical depression with a group without clinical depression for the consequences and feelings that differents responses of social skills may have in social interactions with various interlocutors. A total of 128 students participated, 64 for clinical depression and 64 non-clinical. Questionário de Avaliação de Comportamentos e Contextos para Universitários – QHC – Universitários, Inventário de Fobia Social (Mini-Spin), Inventário de Depressão de Beck (BDI) and Entrevista clínica estruturada para o DSM-IV (SCID-I) were applied. The data were analyzed by test t of Student. The results show that students with depression have a great difficulty about the social skills regardless of which require more or less assertion and general way for all social interactions, either family, friends, roommate and partner.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Pós-graduação em Estudos Linguísticos - IBILCE

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PIBID's subproject from the Letras course at a public university from the interior of Sao Paulo has, as a vision, the teaching of languages in a different way, where the culture is something to be known, not only mentioned, and, because of that, students feel close to the language learning process, for the language is not something to be learned just as grammar, it is, in fact, to be learned as something more complex than that, making the connection between student and language and its values. The students have, as an objective the knowledge and formation in teaching, by participation in public schools where they could put the theory learned during the Letras course in the university in practice with students that could benefit from learning new languages. The public school, mentioned in this research, offered the opportunity for the PIBID students to participate in a project that already existed in this school, where the students were supposed to produce a script based in a tale, and with the script, they were supposed to produce a short movie and a trailer. In 2014, in the first year of the participation of PIBID in the project, PIBID students were asked to choose a tale in the languages that are currently part of the subproject, for the students could use as a base to the production of the short movie. This project is called Luz, Câmera… Action! and the main objective of this research was to verify the participation of PIBID in the project. For such, it was used a semi-structured open questionnaire, which sought to investigate how students and supervisors from the school understood and analyzed PIBID's participation in the project

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Pós-graduação em Fisiopatologia em Clínica Médica - FMB

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Com o objetivo de investigar os efeitos de variáveis sobre o seguimento de regras, 24 estudantes universitários foram expostos a um procedimento de escolha de acordo com o modelo. A tarefa era apontar para os estímulos de comparação em sequência. Na Fase 1, a sequência correta era estabelecida por reforço diferencial em esquema de reforço contínuo. Nas Fases 2 e 3, as contingências de reforço eram mantidas inalteradas, enquanto as regras discrepantes de tais contingências (sugestão e ordem) eram manipuladas. Nas Condições 1 e 2, nas Fases 2 e 3, eram apresentadas a sugestão e a ordem, respectivamente. Nas Condições 3 e 4, era o inverso. Apenas na Fase 1 das Condições 1 e 3 eram feitas perguntas acerca do comportamento que produz reforço. 100% dos participantes não seguiram a sugestão e 60% não seguiram a ordem. Os resultados sugerem que a história do comportamento alternativo ao especificado pela regra, justificativas e perguntas são variáveis que podem interferir no comportamento de seguir regras discrepantes das contingências de reforço. Os resultados têm implicações para o esclarecimento das funções das contingências de reforço e de regras na explicação do comportamento.

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Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de histórias pré-experimentais sobre o seguir regras, 16 estudantes universitários foram expostos a um procedimento informatizado de escolha segundo o modelo. A tarefa era apontar cada um dos três estímulos de comparação em sequência. Oito participantes, quatro flexíveis e quatro inflexíveis, foram submetidos a cada uma das duas condições de quatro fases. Na Fase 1, a sequência correta era estabelecida por contingências. Reforço para a emissão da sequência correta foi mantido durante as três fases - na Condição 1, o programa de reforço contínuo (CRF) e na Condição 2, a relação fixa de quatro (FR4). Em ambas as condições, a Fase 2 começou com a apresentação de uma regra discrepante, a Fase 3 começou com uma regra correspondente, e Fase 4 começou com uma regra discrepante. Seguindo a regra discrepante não produziu o reforço programado, mas seguindo a regra produzida correspondente reforço. Na Condição 1 (CRF) , os 8 participantes deixaram de seguir a regra discrepante, independentemente de serem ßexíveis ou inßexíveis. Na Condição 2 (FR4), os inßexíveis seguiram e os ßexíveis deixaram de seguir a regra discrepante. Sugere-se que os efeitos de histórias pré-experimentais são modulados por variáveis atuais.

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Este estudo apresenta um procedimento para verificar a existência de "graus de relacionamento" diferentes entre estímulos equivalentes por meio de uma medida quantitativa de compartilhamento de funções. Dois grupos de estudantes universitários participaram do estudo. Os participantes do grupo experimental estabeleceram classes de equivalência entre figuras abstratas e fotografias de faces expressando alegria, raiva e nojo. Em seguida, avaliaram algumas das figuras abstratas usando um instrumento de diferencial semântico. O mesmo instrumento foi utilizado na avaliação das faces e figuras pelos participantes do grupo controle, não treinados a estabelecer relações entre esses estímulos. Esses últimos participantes avaliaram as figuras como neutras e as avaliações que fizeram das faces corresponderam às avaliações das figuras equivalentes a elas feitas pelos participantes do grupo experimental. A comparação entre os valores atribuídos às faces e às figuras dá uma medida quantitativa do grau de relacionamento entre esses estímulos e essa medida pode ser usada no estudo de parâmetros da formação de classes como o número de nódulos.