Karyotypic and morphological divergence between two cryptic species of Eigenmannia in the Amazon basin with a new occurrence of XX/XY sex chromosomes (Gymnotiformes: Sternopygidae)

Esp��cies de Eigenmannia est��o amplamente distribu��das na regi��o Neotropical, com oito esp��cies v��lidas atualmente reconhecidas. Popula����es de Eigenmannia de tr��s localidades do leste da Amaz��nia foram investigadas usando t��cnicas citogen��ticas e morfol��gicas, revelando dois t��xons designados aqui comoEigenmannia sp. "A" e Eigenmannia sp. "B". As esp��cies diferem em tr��s caracteres morfom��tricos, dois mer��sticos e um osteol��gico. Eigenmannia sp. "A" apresenta 2n = 34 (22 m/sm+12st/a) e Eigenmannia sp. "B" apresenta 2n = 38 (14 m/sm+24st/a) e cromossomos sexuais de diferencia����o simples, do tipo XX/XY. Em ambas esp��cies a Heterocromatina Constitutiva (HC) rica em bases A-T est�� distribu��da na regi��o centrom��rica de todos os cromossomos. Eigenmannia sp. "B" tamb��m apresenta blocos de HC na regi��o intersticial dos pares cromoss��micos 8, 9 e X que coraram positivamente para CMA₃, indicando regi��es ricas em G-C. A NOR est�� localizada no bra��o curto do par 17 em Eigenmannia sp. "A" e no bra��o curto do par 14 em Eigenmannia sp. "B". FISH com sondas de rDNA hibridizaram em regi��es de tamanhos diferentes entre os hom��logos, sugerindo heteromorfismo. A diferencia����o do cromossomo X em Eigenmannia sp. "B" pode ser o resultado de amplifica����o de sequ��ncias repetitivas de DNA.

As metamorfoses do diabo na modernidade: a seculariza����o do mito e sua apropria����o pela ind��stria cultural no s��culo XX

Coordena����o de Aperfei��oamento de Pessoal de N��vel Superior (CAPES)

Leituras recomendadas para as Escolas Normais no Brasil e na Fran��a (s��culo XIX): transfer��ncias culturais e de modelos pedag��gicos / Recommended readings for Teacher Training Schools in Brazil and France (19th century): transfers of culture and pedag...

Com o objetivo de contribuir para a democratiza����o da mem��ria escolar no Brasil, em especial, da hist��ria da forma����o de professores prim��rios nas d��cadas finais do s��culo XIX brasileiro (caso paulista) e franc��s, apresentam-se, resultados de pesquisas de doutorado, desenvolvidas mediante abordagem hist��rica centrada na an��lise da configura����o textual de tr��s documentos: 1. lista de livros da caixa n�� 1 adquirida por Paulo Bourroul, Diretor da Escola Normal de S��o Paulo (1882-1884), quando de sua viagem �� Paris em 1883; 2. lista de livros contidos no relat��rio de Jos�� Estacio Corr��a de S�� e Benevides, Diretor interino da Escola Normal de S��o Paulo em 1884; 3. Catalogue des biblioth��ques des ��coles Normales (1887), publicados pelo Ministro da Instru����o P��blica e de Belas Artes da Fran��a, Jules Ferry. Constatou-se importantes aspectos da cultura escolar relativos ao ���ensinar normalistas a ensinar��� leitura e escrita decorrentes das transfer��ncias culturais e de modelos pedag��gicos na rela����o/representa����o Brasil-Fran��a.

Objetos de ensino: a renova����o pedag��gica e material da escola prim��ria no Brasil, no s��culo XX

This article aims at analyzing the role of the objects of learning in the propositions for innovation of primary schools during the 20th century, highlighting the changes in the composition of school subjects having in mind the objects that were introduced and marked out as relevant for school modernization and those that remained or were redefined in terms of their finality and uses. The examination of three significant moments of the implementation of innovations in the elementary school is intended: the modernization by the intuitive method at the turn of the century; the propositions of Escola Nova between the 1930s and the 1950s; and the renovation represented by educational technology in the 1960s and 1970s.

A contribui����o dos estudos hist��ricos para o desenvolvimento da Diplom��tica nos s��culos XVIII e XIX

Diplomatics rises as a study field in the 17th century with a juridical purpose related to the verification of authenticity of ���diplomas���. Along the 18th and 19th centuries, Diplomatics is deeply influenced by the European scientific and historiographical movements and gets the status of a scientific discipline devoted to the study of the authenticity of documents as a basis for historical research. This article characterizes Diplomatics during the mentioned period in order to point out the main historical factors which have contributed to the development of the discipline, especially in terms of the author that have been responsible for the theoretical foundation of Diplomatics.

A transforma����o e revaloriza����o do espa��o do centro hist��rico de Santos/SP

The city of Santos always had its importance recognised by the respectful role of flowing off the coffee production between the end of 19th and beginning of 20th centuries. All effervescence of this period brought changes to the central area of the city, located near the port. Beginning in the 1970s, some changes in the politics and in the city's urban space made its cafes, theaters, stores and traditional residencies find itselves in decadence imposed by the negligence of the public power. The Historic Downtown of Santos changed to a forgotten and depreciated space and remained that way for many years, reflecting negatively in the preservation of the arquitetonic heritage of the city. The present project aims to analyse the transformation of the current space of the Hitoric Downtown of Santos from the beginning of the 20th century and its recent revaluation through the public politics of the city

Algumas reflex��es sobre a condi����o da mulher brasileira da col��nia ��s primeiras d��cadas do s��culo XX

This article, about reflections on the condition of Brazilian women from the Colony to the first decades of the twentieth century, reveals the historical position of them and the attitudes and behaviors related to gender and sexuality. Subdued, it was treated as a sexual object, arousing all sorts of misogyny by men. Rebel, veiled or ostensibly, could serve their own desires. Throughout history, the Church and medical institutions which jointly accounted for, significantly, established the meaning and place of women. In Colony period, the woman is a ward from the Catholic ideology, but from the nineteenth century, after Independence, this power control arises to Medicine. The physician submits the religious discourse, naturalizing the status of women as one that breeds, namely the insertion of the medical issues of family scientifically legitimate colonial patriarchy. This is accentuated in the early twentieth century, when medicine consolidated setting standards and rules for marriage, to motherhood and family life. We note how the feminine universe was (and it is nowadays) ambivalent, with "one foot" in virtue and another in sin, with a tendency to contain and another to trespass. On the one hand we have the home and motherhood, validated in marriage, in which the woman is cared for and dependent on her husband. Reflecting on the motherhood of Virgin Mary, comes to the sacred dimension of the idealized woman saint by the Church. At the same time, however, feels the need for freedom, identity and independence, needing to give a voice to the desire to have their sexuality and all that it is due in full. The manifestation of the desire and the call for sexual satisfaction, and put in permanent conflict personal, psychological and social split between moral entrenched across generations and cultural transformations resulting from decades of the 20th Century.

Palavras viajeiras: circula����o do conhecimento pedag��gico em manuais escolares (Brasil/Portugal, de meados do s��culo XIX a meados do s��culo XX)

Na presente publica����o apresenta-se an��lises de um conjunto de manuais escolares que circularam na Escola Normal brasileira e portuguesa entre meados do s��culo XIX e meados do s��culo XX a partir de diferentes olhares, reeditando em outra chave o processo original de circula����o de ideias entre Brasil e Portugal no qual esses materiais se inserem. Orientados por outros estudos que tratam do mesmo tema, os autores realizaram recolha nos dois pa��ses a fim de comprovar a circula����o do corpus emp��rico que, ao final, foi definido como fonte. Assim, chegou-se ao seguinte conjunto de manuais did��ticos: Elementos de Pedagogia de Affreixo & Freire (1870); Curso Pr��tico de Pedagogia Destinado aos Alunos-Mestres das Escolas Normaes Primarias e aos Instituidores em Exerc��cio de Daligault (1874); Li����es de Pedagogia Geral e de Hist��ria da Educa����o de Pimentel Filho (1875); Li����es de Pedologia e Pedagogia Experimental de Faria de Vasconcelos (1910); Li����es de Metodologia, de Fonseca Lage (1920); A arte da leitura, de M��rio Gon��alves Viana (1949) e Li����es de Pedagogia, de Aquiles Arch��ro Junior (1955). Os pesquisadores utilizam diferentes lentes para tecer suas an��lises e, cada um segundo sua especialidade de pesquisa, aprofunda aspectos que, juntos, comp��em um painel interpretativo sobre o processo de escolariza����o e seus espa��os, a normatiza����o do trabalho docente, os princ��pios que nortearam a sele����o cultural para a escola prim��ria, a constitui����o de modos e m��todos de ensino para realizar os objetivos educacionais e a especificidade que assumem os materiais e o ensino da leitura e da escrita nessa institui����o. Todas as an��lises reiteram a import��ncia dos impressos na consolida����o da escola prim��ria portuguesa e brasileira, notadamente no que se refere ��s prescri����es feitas nos manuais escolares que, em tr��nsito, configuram-se como palavras viajeiras.

O lugar do desenho no s��culo XX: dimens��es e conceito

The following work proposes an approach to drawing based upon a language which is diluted and also introduced in the hybridization perceived in the 21st Century. Based on a shift of languages in visual arts which refers to appropriations and to the expansion of possibilities for the procedure and the physicality of the artistic work, it looks into the place of drawing, its dimensions and concepts. While it is an expressive vehicle, the drawing constitutes an indispensable element for the development of expression forms, transformed and diversified over centuries. In the 21st Century, its plurality presents it in several dimensions. When it is expanded in the space, it not only makes sure that it not bi dimensional, as well as it is asserted in its essence, besides coded methods. The text is structured around theoretical and practical researches based on Ostrower, Derdyk, Canclini and author/artist.

O Guarani: produto cultural midi��tico

P��s-gradua����o em Letras - IBILCE

La articulaci��n de las relaciones entre Canarias y Madrid: el papel de los diputados canarios en las Cortes durante el siglo XIX y primer tercio del XX

<p>[ES] Estado de la cuesti��n sobre las relaciones entre Canarias y Madrid a lo largo del siglo XIX y primer tercio del XX, hasta la llegada de la II Rep��blica. Este sistema que se articula sobre la obtenci��n de favores personales y concesiones para las islas por parte de la Administraci��n, hace imprescindible la presencia de gestores (diputados) cualificados en Madrid que representar��n los intereses de la oligarqu��a canaria.</p>