995 resultados para Cecilia Meireles
Resumo:
Flavonoids are one of the most important compound groups applied as medicine given their antioxidant properties, but several intrinsic properties can be improved through structural modifications to their molecules. Here, the synthesis and characterization of a new gallium (III) complex with quercetin is described. Electrochemical properties, as well as antioxidant and cytotoxic activities, were investigated and compared to the free flavonoid molecule. The mononuclear complex obtained, [Ga(C15H9O7)3].2H2O.2CH3OH.CH3CH2OH, seems more active as a DPPH radical scavenger given its lower oxidation potential compared to quercetin. The new complex cytotoxic responses have shown to be more effective than those of the free flavonoid and of lapachol used as a control.
Resumo:
Cellulose acetates (CA) with different degrees of acetylation were synthesized from cellulose extracted from corn stover. Membranes were prepared for the ultrafiltration process with pure polymers and blend form of CA utilizing a dioxane/acetone system. The membranes were characterized according to their transport properties. The blend form materials presented the best results for application in ultrafiltration experiments. M-TAC/DAC (corn stover triacetate and diacetate) and M-TAC/DAC-Rho (corn stover triacetate and Rhodia diacetate) presented rejection to egg albumin protein of 87.39% and 80.50%, respectively. Thus, MWCO of 45 kDa was determined for these materials.
Resumo:
The aim of this study was to produce membranes using the adapted cuprammonium method. The cellulose utilized was obtained from recycled agroindustrial residues: sugarcane bagasse, corn stover and soybean hulls. The levels of Cu (II) ions in regenerated cellulose membranes produced with cellulose from bagasse, corn stover and soybean hulls were 0.0236 wt%, 0.0255 wt% and 0.0268 wt%, respectively. These levels were approximately 15 times lower than those observed in previous studies (0.3634 wt%). Cellular viability data show that membranes produced from bagasse cellulose do not present toxicity to the cellular cultures studied. These results demonstrate an evolution in production of regenerated cellulose membranes from agroindustrial residues mainly due to a decrease in the Cu (II) ions level, showing the possibility of application of these systems with improved membranes processing.
Resumo:
The seed oils from four plants (Scheelea phalerata, Butia capitata, Syagrus romanzoffiana, Terminalia cattapa) found in Mato Grosso do Sul were extracted at good yields. Alkaline transesterification of these seed oils to esters using methanol and ethanol was studied and also produced good yields. Oleic acid (30.5/32.3%), lauric acid (30.7/32.9%) methyl and ethyl esters, were the main components of transesterification of the oils from Scheelea phalerata and Syagrus romanzoffiana. Lauric acid (42.2%), capric acid (15.9%) and caprylic acid (14.6%) methyl and ethyl esters were the main ester components of transesterification of the oil from Butia capitata. Oleic acid (37.8%), palmitic acid (33.5%) and linoleic acid (22.6%) methyl and ethyl esters were the main components of transesterification of oil from Terminalia catappa. Based on differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) studies, the first crystallization peak temperature of esters was observed. Esters derived from oils of the family Arecaceae (Scheelea phalerata, Butia capitata, Syagrus romanzoffiana) showed the lowest points of crystallization, despite having high levels of saturated fat. Esters of Terminalia cattapa oil, rich in unsaturated fat, showed the highest crystallization temperature. This difference in behavior is probably related to the high concentration of esters derived from lauric acid and palmitic acid.
Resumo:
Low-cost tungsten monometallic catalysts containing variable amounts of metal (4.5, 7.1 and 8.5%W) were prepared by impregnating alumina with ammonium metatungstate as an inexpensive precursor. The catalysts were characterized using ICP, XPS, XRD, TPR and hydrogen chemisorption. These techniques revealed mainly WO3-Al2O3 (W6+) species on the surface. The effects of the content of W nanoparticles and reaction temperature on activity and selectivity for the partial hydrogenation of 3-hexyne, a non-terminal alkyne, were assessed under moderate conditions of temperature and pressure. The monometallic catalysts prepared were found to be active and stereoselective for the production of (Z )-3-hexene, had the following order: 7.1WN/A > 8.5 WN/A ≥ 4.5 WN/A. Additionally, the performance of the synthesized xWN/A catalysts exhibited high sensitivity to temperature variation. In all cases, the maximum 3-hexyne total conversion and selectivity was achieved at 323 K. The performance of the catalysts was considered to be a consequence of two phenomena: a) the electronic effects, related to the high charge of W (+6), causing an intensive dipole moment in the hydrogen molecule (van der Waals forces) and leading to heterolytic bond rupture; the H+ and H- species generated approach a 3-hexyne adsorbate molecule and cause heterolytic rupture of the C≡C bond into C- = C+; and b) steric effects related to the high concentration of WO3 on 8.5WN/A that block the Al2O3 support. Catalyst deactivation was detected, starting at about 50 min of reaction time. Electrodeficient W6+ species are responsible for the formation of green oil at the surface level, blocking pores and active sites of the catalyst, particularly at low reaction temperatures (293 and 303 K). The resulting best catalyst, 7.1WN/A, has low fabrication cost and high selectivity for (Z )-3-hexene (94%) at 323 K. This selectivity is comparable to that of the classical and more expensive industrial Lindlar catalyst (5 wt% Pd). The alumina supported tungsten catalysts are low-cost potential replacements for the Lindlar industrial catalyst. These catalysts could also be used for preparing bimetallic W-Pd catalysts for selective hydrogenation of terminal and non-terminal alkynes.
Resumo:
Kirjallisuusarvostelu
Resumo:
O efeito do agente causal do crestamento bacteriano comum na eficiência fotossintética e na produção do feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris) foi quantificado. Dois experimentos de campo foram conduzidos durante a safra das águas de 1997, em Piracicaba-SP, com duas cultivares, IAC-Carioca e Rosinha. Diferentes níveis de severidade foram obtidos variando-se o número de inoculações com o patógeno. A severidade da doença, avaliada com auxílio de escala diagramática, não apresentou relação linear significativa (P>0,01) com a produção, enquanto a duração da área foliar sadia (HAD) relacionou-se linearmente de forma significativa (P<=0,01) com a produção nos dois experimentos (R² entre 0,66 e 0,78). A fotossíntese foi relacionada com área foliar doente por meio da equação Px/P0=(1-x )beta, onde Px é a fotossíntese líqüida da folha com severidade x, P0 é a fotossíntese líquida média das folhas sadias, x é a severidade da doença e beta expressa a relação entre lesão virtual e lesão visual. Os valores de beta, determinados por regressão não-linear, foram de 3,19±0,14 e 3,08±0,18 para as cultivares IAC-Carioca e Rosinha, respectivamente. A incorporação de beta ao cálculo de HAD, de modo geral, não melhorou significativamente o ajuste dos dados.
Resumo:
Kirjallisuusarvostelu
Resumo:
O antúrio é uma planta semi-herbácea de folhas verdes vistosas, formato cordiforme e inflorescências com espatas de diversas cores de acordo com a cultivar, onde tanto a folhagem quanto as inflorescências são de importância ornamental. A antracnose causada por Colletotrichum gloeosporioides é uma das principais doenças nessa cultura, estando presente em vários plantios comerciais brasileiros. Os sintomas manifestam-se sobre as folhas, na forma de lesões pardas predominantes nas bordas ou junto às nervuras. Nas espatas ocorrem pequenas manchas escuras, que evoluem para uma podridão encharcada, prejudicando a comercialização das hastes. Essa pesquisa objetivou verificar o efeito da idade da espata, da quantidade de pontos e época de inoculação no desenvolvimento dos sintomas da antracnose, bem como a reação de cultivares de antúrio quando inoculadas com diferentes isolados de C. gloeosporioides (Cg). A idade da espata influenciou o desenvolvimento da lesão para os dois isolados avaliados. Em espatas no estádio 1, sem a completa abertura, as lesões formadas foram significativamente maiores do que aquelas formadas em espatas nos estádios 4 e 5. As maiores lesões causadas pelos isolados do patógeno foram formadas com cinco pontos de ferimento nas duas cultivares de antúrio (cvs. Tropical e Cananéia). A época de inoculação não influenciou no tamanho da lesão, nas duas cultivares avaliadas. Os menores períodos de incubação (PI) para o isolado Cg 1 foram observados nas cultivares Astral, Tropical, Netuno e Farao, diferindo significativamente das demais cultivares. Nas cultivares Sonate, Astral, Tropical, Netuno e Farao foram observados os menores PI para o isolado Cg 2. A menor área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença (AACPD) resultante da inoculação com Cg 1 foi observada em Sonate, que diferiu das demais cultivares. As menores AACPD ocasionadas pelo isolado Cg 2 foram observadas em Laguna e Midori, que diferiram das cultivares Cananéia, Sonate, Astral, Tropical e Netuno.
Resumo:
O efeito dos produtos acibenzolar S-metil ester (ASM, Bion®), fosfito de potássio (Hortifós PK®) e de um fertilizante foliar (Nutex Axcell®) foi avaliado sobre a germinação de esporos e no crescimento micelial de Phoma costarricensis. O efeito desses produtos também foi avaliado na severidade da mancha de Phoma em mudas de cafeeiro. O percentual de germinação dos conídios de P. costarricensis não foi afetado pelas doses de fosfito e ASM, mas reduções no crescimento micelial do fungo foram observadas. A AACPD e a severidade da doença foram menores em todos os tratamentos quando comparados com a testemunha inoculada. Nas plantas tratadas com o fungicida tebuconazole, utilizado como padrão, foi observada redução de 50,9% na severidade da doença. Os menores valores de severidade e de AACPD foram observados nas plantas tratadas com ASM 0,1 g/L; Fosfito 2,5 mL/L; Fosfito 5,0 mL/L e o fertilizante Nutex Axcell® 4,0 mL/L.