Degradação foto-fenton de carbono orgânico total em efluentes da indústria de beneficiamento de castanha de caju

At the cashew nut processing industry it is often the generation of wastewaters containing high content of toxic organic compounds. The presence of these compounds is due mainly to the so called liquid of the cashew nut (CNSL). CNSL, as it is commercially known in Brazil, is the liquid of the cashew nut. It looks like an oil with dark brown color, viscous and presents a high toxicity index due to the chemical composition, i.e. phenol compounds, such as anacardic acid, cardol, 2-methyl cardol and monophenol (cardanol). These compounds are bio resistant to the conventional treatments. Furthermore, the corresponding wastewaters present high content of TOC (total organic carbon). Therefore due to the high degree of toxicity it is very important to study and develop treatments of these wastewaters before discharge to the environmental. This research aims to decompose these compounds using advanced oxidative processes (AOP) based on the photo-Fenton system. The advantage of this system is the fast and non-selective oxidation promoted by the hydroxyl radicals (●OH), that is under determined conditions can totally convert the organic pollutants to CO2 and H2O. In order to evaluate the decomposition of the organic charge system samples of the real wastewater od a processing cashew nut industry were taken. This industry was located at the country of the state of Rio Grande do Norte. The experiments were carried out with a photochemical annular reactor equipped with UV (ultra violet) lamp. Based on preliminary experiments, a Doehlert experimental design was defined to optimize the concentrations of H2O2 and Fe(II) with a total of 13 runs. The experimental conditions were set to pH equal to 3 and temperature of 30°C. The power of the lamps applied was 80W, 125W and 250W. To evaluate the decomposition rate measures of the TOC were accomplished during 4 hours of experiment. According to the results, the organic removal obtained in terms of TOC was 80% minimum and 95% maximum. Furthermore, it was gotten a minimum time of 49 minutes for the removal of 30% of the initial TOC. Based on the obtained experimental results, the photo-Fenton system presents a very satisfactory performance as a complementary treatment of the wastewater studied

Produtividade fabril I: método para rápido aumento da produtividade fabril

O método para rápido aumento da produtividade fabril, aplicável principalmente à indústria brasileira de manufatura (17% do PIB), fundamenta-se exclusivamente na redução ou eliminação do tempo inativo do homem, da máquina e do material, que é a grande causa da ineficiência. O método exige a utilização de apenas cinco das mais simples, elementares e conhecidas técnicas e é aplicável às vinte situações mais freqüentes (objetos de estudo) na indústria de manufatura. Nossa experiência atesta que o método é capaz de aumentar a produtividade fabril em valor superior a 30%, em poucos meses e de forma perene (houve um caso de aumento de 160% em toda uma seção de usinagem de uma empresa multinacional). Sua aplicação e a implantação das medidas dele decorrentes são feitas com extrema facilidade e, por isto, os resultados surgem muito rapidamente. Atinge portanto seu objetivo: proporcionar aumento da produtividade fabril em curto espaço de tempo. Os demais artigos da série detalharão os objetos de estudo.

Um estudo algorítmico de problemas logísticos na indústria de petróleo e gás natural

This work consists on the study of two important problems arising from the operations of petroleum and natural gas industries. The first problem the pipe dimensioning problem on constrained gas distribution networks consists in finding the least cost combination of diameters from a discrete set of commercially available ones for the pipes of a given gas network, such that it respects minimum pressure requirements at each demand node and upstream pipe conditions. On its turn, the second problem the piston pump unit routing problem comes from the need of defining the piston pump unit routes for visiting a number of non-emergent wells in on-shore fields, i.e., wells which don t have enough pressure to make the oil emerge to surface. The periodic version of this problem takes into account the wells re-filling equation to provide a more accurate planning in the long term. Besides the mathematical formulation of both problems, an exact algorithm and a taboo search were developed for the solution of the first problem and a theoretical limit and a ProtoGene transgenetic algorithm were developed for the solution of the second problem. The main concepts of the metaheuristics are presented along with the details of their application to the cited problems. The obtained results for both applications are promising when compared to theoretical limits and alternate solutions, either relative to the quality of the solutions or to associated running time

Ácaros associados ao cafeeiro (Coffea spp.) no estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Parte I. Mesostigmata

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Diferenças regionais do cultivo de café no Brasil

Brazil is one of the major coffee producers in the world, because of this, the goal of this study was to assess the regional differences of coffee cultivation for the reference crops 2001/2002 and 2002/03 by means of a life cycle assessment (LCA) in order to generate detailed production inventory data as well as quantify the potential environmental impacts of this crop. All information considered in this study (use of water, fossil based energy, fertilizers, pesticides and correctives) was taken from data collected from the producing farms. Four Brazilian coffee producer regions located at the Southeastern region were evaluated: Sul de Minas Gerais and Cerrado Mineiro in Minas Gerais State, and Mogiana and Alta Paulista regions in São Paulo State. The data refer to a production of 25.2 million kg of green coffee. Depending on the considered region, the production of 1,000 kg of green coffee requires, on average, approx. 9,300 to 13,000 kg of total energy, 70 to 130 kg of diesel, 6,500 to 12,700 kg of process water, 270 to 340 kg of fertilizers (NPK), 2.0 to 13.0 kg of pesticides, 230 to 600 kg of correctives, and yield around 1,600 to 1,900 kg/ha. Despite 20% of the coffee growers showing a good environmental performance, i.e. consumption of pesticides, fertilizers and correctives lower than the regional averages, this study has also identified some farms that can probably reduce the amount of some inputs and enhance their environmental performance.

Avaliação da toxicidade e caracterização de hidrocarbonetos presentes em águas de rios que recebem efluente de indústria petroquímica

Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Biologia Celular e Molecular) - IBRC

Inovação e atividades inovativas em indústrias de baixa e média-baixa tecnologias: um estudo da indústria de alimentos processados

Pós-graduação em Economia - FCLAR

Indústria petroquímica brasileira: fatores que definem a localização da implantação das refinarias da Petrobrás - o município de Paulínia (1968-1980)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Desidratação osmótica e secagem de maçãs: I. Comportamento do tecido em soluções osmóticas. II. Modelagem matemática de difusão

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Influência do consumo do café (com e sem cafeína) ou da cafeína isolada sobre a fibrose e a promoção da hepatocarcinogênese química em ratos Wistar machos

Pós-graduação em Patologia - FMB

CARACTERÍSTICAS DAS ROCHAS DA FORMAÇÃO CORUMBATAÍ UTILIZADAS NA INDÚSTRIA DE REVESTIMENTO CERÂMICO.

A Formação Corumbataí é atualmente utilizada com sucesso pela indústria de revestimento cerâmico no pólo de cerâmica de Santa Gertrudes. Este engloba os municípios de Santa Gertrudes, Rio Claro, Cordeirópolis, Limeira, Piracicaba e Araras. De acordo com os estudos geológicos realizados, as argilas da Formação Corumbataí foram divididas em cinco litofácies cerâmicas, sendo elas: maciça, laminada, intercalada I, intercalada II e alterada. De acordo com suas características químicas, são consideradas como argilas com teores médios de elementos fundentes, com os valores da soma dos óxidos alcalinos (Na2O + K2O) variando de 2,9% na litofácies alterada até valores de 4,3% na litofácies intercalada I. Os argilominerais predominantes são a illita e a caulinita (presentes em todas as litofácies), além da montmorillonita que ocorre com freqüência nas litofácies intercalada I e II e laminada. Outros minerais importantes são: quartzo, feldspato do tipo albita, hematita e calcita. Os resultados cerâmicos possibilitaram enquadrar as litofácies cerâmicas dentro do Grupo BIIb na Classificação de Revestimentos Cerâmicos (BII – valores de resistência à flexão da ordem de 180-300 Kgf/cm2; b – valores de absorção de água (Abs) de 6 a 10%), porém, alguns valores de Abs ficaram acima de 10% nas litofácies intercalada I, intercalada II e na alterada.

Ocorrência de plantas daninhas em cultivo consorciado de café e nogueira-macadâmia

Arborization can benefit coffee plantations by reducing the wind speed and temperature variation in the crop. It is also possible that the incident radiation can affect the weed populations and reduce the need for their control. This study aimed at assessing the weeds population and distribution, in arabica coffee intercropped with three macadamia cultivars, six years after planting, in Dois Córregos, São Paulo State, Brazil. Treatments consisted of a 3x3+1 factorial scheme, i.e., coffee intercropped with three macadamia cultivars (HAES 816, IAC 4-20 and IAC 9-20) and three sampling positions of weeds in the intercropping (in the macadamia tree canopy projection, among the macadamia tree canopies projections and in the single rows), plus an additional treatment (sole coffee). The weeds incidence and control, as well as their phytosociological characterization, were evaluated. For coffee intercropped with macadamia, the weeds occurrence and number of species were smaller than for sole coffee. For the projection in the canopy and among canopies of macadamia trees, there was an average decrease of 82% in the occurrence of weeds, in comparison with the sole coffee. The IAC 9-20 cultivar was more efficient in reducing the occurrence of weeds, when intercropped with coffee, for presenting a taller canopy, with a larger diameter.

Influência da temperatura e do pH do meio sobre a resistência à corrosão das ligas Al(20204-T3), Al(7010-T7) e Al(7050-T7) utilizadas na indústria aeronáutica

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEG

Uso fertilizante do subproduto da agroindústria processadora de goiabas I: atributos químicos do solo

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Uma aplicação do planejamento de experimentos e carta de controle em uma indústria de cosmésticos: ciclo DMAIC

Pós-graduação em Engenharia de Produção - FEB