Dissimilaridade ambiental em variedades de milho cultivadas em diferentes densidades populacionais

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Genética e Melhoramento de Plantas) - FCAV

Análise de pedigree e estimativas de parâmetros genéticos para características de importância econômica em bovinos Tabapuã

Pós-graduação em Genética e Melhoramento Animal - FCAV

Assinaturas de seleção em bovinos da raça Canchim

Pós-graduação em Genética e Melhoramento Animal - FCAV

Estresse hídrico e osmocondicionamento de sementes de espécies e híbridos de eucalipto

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Genética e Melhoramento de Plantas) - FCAV

Associação genética entre o perfil de ácidos graxos e outras características da carcaça e carne de bovinos da raça Nelore

Pós-graduação em Genética e Melhoramento Animal - FCAV

Análise da heterocedasticidade em bubalinos utilizando informações genômicas

Pós-graduação em Genética e Melhoramento Animal - FCAV

Heterochromatin and molecular characterization of DsmarMITE transposable element in the beetle Dichotomius schiffleri (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Desenvolvimento de tratamentos térmicos visando ganhos magnéticos em aços com ultra baixa concentração de carbono

The relationship between the microstructure and the magnetic properties of soft magnetic materials, have been studied by different researchers who seek to employ electrical systems, increasing their life span and reduce their energy consumption. Following this same line the Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory developed a new synchrotron light source, the Sirius, where magnetic materials with high magnetic permeability values are being studied for use in accelerator dipoles. The low carbon steel is a ferromagnetic material that has a great relationship between cost and magnetic permeability. Aiming to raise the values of permeability of the material, heat treatments were done and evaluated the magnetic properties, microstructure and mechanical properties to correlate them. It was noted that the thermal annealing were the most effective, and the annealing performed with a small time threshold, which only phenomenon observed was the primary recrystallisation, was the most elevated values of magnetic permeability of the material, due to the average grain size ideal achieved. The heat treatments do not guide the magnetic domains of the material and not influence the mechanical properties of the material due to lack of carbon in the microstructure. The annealing treatments were shown to be an alternative to raising the values of the magnetic permeability of the material and facilitate the implementation of ultra low carbon steel in the dipoles of Sirius

Estudo da associação de polimorfismos no gene MC1R com cor de pele e cor de cabelo para fins forenses

Melanin is a very important pigment to human species, and besides defining skin, eyes and hair color, it is also involved in sun exposure protection. This pigment is classified into two subtypes: pheomelanin, which is responsible for lighter pigmentation and eumelanin, the dark pigment related. Due to this type of melanin variation it is possible to found different phenotypes of hair and skin color. The genetics MC1R variations are described as the most important for diversity in pigmentation, and this gene is directly related to the complex process of melanin synthesis. The use of these variations to phenotype prediction using genetic information has been used in Europe countries to infer physical features from biological samples, with the purpose of directing searches of criminal suspects and victims identification. The aim of this study was to analyze 8 major MC1R polymorphisms in a sample of Brazilian individuals. Analyzing 91 individuals, we observed with higher frequencies the polymorphisms rs1805005:G>T, rs2228479:G>A and rs885479:G>A, which are related to skin and hair colors, as previously showed in literature. These data suggest the possibility of predicting phenotype from genetic polymorphisms in Brazilian population. However it will be necessary to analyze a larger number of individuals to be able to confirm these associations and to perform a more detailed statistical analysis

Caracterização molecular do gene que codifica a TCTP (Translationally Controlled Tumor Protein) em tomate (Solanum lycopersicum cv. Santa Clara)

The gene encoding TCTP (Translationally Controlled Tumour Protein) is present in all eukaryotes and its product is involved in various cellular processes. Although well characterized in mammals, there are only few works available in the literature related to the analysis of this protein in plants. In this present work, the expression of the gene encoding TCTP was analyzed in different organs/tissues of tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum cv. Santa Clara). A quantification performed by RT-qPCR revealed the presence of TCTP transcript in all tissues/organs analyzed, with the highest expression level found in leaves. With the exception of fruits in intermediate stage of maturation, for which a small increase on the expression was detected, there was minimal variation in the relative expression of TCTP in other organ/tissues. In parallel, the effects of the constitutive expression of TCTP were investigated using transgenic tobacco lines able to overexpress this protein at different levels (T1, T2 and T3). Seedlings of these lines, and of a non-transgenic control line, were grown in MS culture medium for 21 days. At the end of this period, the length of roots and leaves was taken and the seedlings were photographed. According to Tukey's test, the analysis of the mean root length revealed a significant difference between T1 and T3 lines when compared to the control, although the same was not observed for the T2 line. For leaves, according to Kruskal-Wallis test, there was a statistical difference between the averages of leaf growth obtained for the different lines evaluated. According to these results, we can conclude that TCTP shows an ubiquitous expression in tomato plants, with the highest expression detected in leaves, and also that its overexpression promoted a higher root and leaf development in two of three transgenic tobacco lines tested

Avaliação do padrão de metilação dos genes ESR1, ESR2 e PGR nas linhagens celulares derivadas do câncer de mama

Breast cancer has received an increasing attention because it is one of the most common cancer type and a leading cause of morbity and mortality among women worldwide. This disease has been considered as a heterogeneous condition, demonstrating a large spectrum of clinical and histopathological variability. In the last two decades, several studies have been conducted to identify new molecular markers of cancer cells, including the alterations of DNA methylation, which is the major epigenetic mechanism associated with the control of gene expression. The hypermethylation of promoter-associated CpG islands contributes to the loss of function of several cancer-related genes, including those encoding to the estrogen receptor (ESR) and progesterone receptor (PGR). This study aimed to determine the methylation patterns of CpG islands of the genes encoding the estrogen receptor α (ESR1 gene, promoters A and B), estrogen receptor β (ESR2 gene) and progesterone receptor (PGR gene, promoter A and B) in 15 cell lines derived from breast cancer. The DNA methylation analysis was based on the “Methylation Specific-Polymerase Chain Reaction” (MSP), which provides a qualitative assessment of the methylation status of a specific CpG island. The results revealed heterogeneous data: the promoter region of ESR1A showed complete methylation in one cell line (BT549) and only two cell lines showed partial methylation (MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-453), while the others lineages presented unmethylated alleles. The promoter region of isoform ESR1B was unmethylated in the cell lines BT549, SKBR3 and T47D; partial methylation were observed in the cell lines MDA-MB- 231, MCF-7 and ZR-75-30, while the others cell lines presented complete methylation. All lineages showed complete or partial methylation of the ESR2 gene. The methylation pattern of the promoter A of the PGR ...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Comparação do transporte mucociliar de indivíduos fumantes e abstênicos de um programa de cessação tabágica

Sabe-se que as substâncias presentes na fumaça do cigarro provocam alterações no sistema respiratório, incluindo alterações no transporte mucociliar. Objetivo: Comparar o transporte mucociliar de indivíduos tabagistas e abstênicos, e correlacioná-lo à função pulmonar e a história tabagística. Metodologia: Foram avaliados 65 indivíduos, divididos em 2 grupos, grupo abstênico (G1) e grupo controle (G2). Primeiramente, foi realizada uma entrevista inicial para obtenção de dados pessoais, antropométrico e histórico tabágístico. Após foram avaliados quanto à função pulmonar (espirometria), quantificação do monóxido de carbono no ar exalado (COex) e do transporte mucociliar nasal (tempo de trânsito de sacarina-TTS). Todas as avaliações foram realizadas após um período de doze horas, 7 e 15 e 30 dias de abstinência do cigarro. Método estatístico: A descrição dos resultados foi apresentada como média e desvio padrão. Para comparação dos grupos foi utilizado ANOVA para medidas repetidas, não paramétrico, seguido do teste Volm-hidak. O nível de significância utilizado foi de p<0.05. Resultados: Houve diferença estatística entre o TTS no grupo abstênico a partir de 15 dias em relação ao valor basal. Não houve correlação entre o transporte mucociliar basal e as variáveis. Conclusão: Indivíduos que cessam o hábito tabagístico, após 15 dias de abstinência, já é possível verificar melhora na depuração mucociliar e esta se mantém na faixa de normalidade até o 30º dia

Caracterização da diversidade genética em queixadas (Tayassu pecari) e catetos (Pecari tajacu) isolados em um fragmento florestal

A fragmentação de ambientes naturais é um processo que pode ocasionar a redução e isolamento das populações de mamíferos. Entre os mamíferos tropicais mais afetados pela fragmentação estão os pecarídeos. Neste trabalho, foi analisada a variabilidade genética das populações de dois pecarídeos simpátricos, os catetos (Pecari tajacu) e as queixadas (Tayassu pecari), isoladas em um fragmento de Mata Atlântica do sudeste do Brasil (a Estação Ecológica de Caetetus, EEC). Por conta desse isolamento, esperava-se encontrar baixo grau de variabilidade genética, além de evidência de endogamia e gargalo populacional para ambas as espécies. Comparando-se as duas espécies, devido as suas diferenças comportamentais e por terem sido registrados vários bandos de catetos e apenas um de queixadas na EEC, esperava-se que a variabilidade genética estimada para queixadas fosse menor do que para catetos. Foram genotipadas 16 amostras de queixadas e 17 de catetos para cinco locos de microssatélites. Contrariando a hipótese de que a diversidade genética seria menor em queixadas do que em catetos, foram encontrados níveis de diversidade similares para ambas as espécies (número médio de alelos = 2,60 para queixada e 2,80 para catetos; riqueza alélica = 2,52 para queixadas e 2,54 para catetos; e heterozigosidade média observada = 0,50 para queixada e 0,48 para cateto e esperada = 0,41 para queixada e 0,38 para cateto). Houve evidência de gargalo populacional recente para queixadas, mas não para catetos, o que pode estar relacionado à maior vulnerabilidade daquela espécie a fragmentação do habitat e à caça. Entretanto, os coeficientes de endocruzamento FIS (-0,16 para queixadas e -0,18, para catetos) encontrados não foram positivos e nem significativos (p > 0,02), não evidenciando endogamia para ambas as espécies. O fato de não ter sido encontrada evidência... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

Desenvolvimento de um banco de dados genético brasileiro para marcadores STR do cromossomo x

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Abordagem multivariada na análise de diversidade genética em cruzamentos para alto teor de óleo em soja

The soybean crop is considered a high expression around the world. In plant breeding programs, knowledge of genetic diversity is extremely important and in this context, are frequently used multivariate analyzes. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the genetic divergence between soybean crosses through multivariate techniques. In total, 16 crosses were evaluated, which were in the F2 generation of inbreeding. The evaluated characteristics were plant height at maturity, height of the first pod, number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, number of nodes per plant, hundred seed weight, grain yield and oil content. For the analyzes was used Euclidean distance, methods of hierarchical clustering UPGMA and Ward and principal component analysis. Genetic distances estimated using Euclidean distance ranged from 1.24 to 8.13, with the smallest distance observed between crosses C1 and C4, and the greatest distance between the C2 crosses and C6. The methods UPGMA clustering and Ward met crossings in five different groups. The principal component analysis explained 86.2% of the variance contained in the original eight variables with three main components. The APM characters, NV, NR, NN, PG% and oil were the main contributors to genetic divergence among traits. Multivariate techniques were crucial to the analysis of genetic diversity, and the methods of Ward and UPGMA clustering and principal components have consistent results in this way, the simultaneous use of these tools in genetic analysis of crosses is indicated