La société St-Jean-Baptiste de Sherbrooke 1858 - 1980

Depuis un certain nombre d'années, l'histoire régionale et l'histoire locale ont connu un essor considérable. La région des Cantons de l'Est et la ville de Sherbrooke, plus spécifiquement, n'échappent pas à cette orientation historiographique. Plusieurs thèses, mémoires ou études sont venus compléter notre connaissance de la réalité historique de Sherbrooke et de la région. Tous les aspects de l'histoire y trouvent leur compte, comme dans l'histoire nationale. Les historiens sortent de l'ombre les personnages et les événements qui ont marqué la vie politique, économique, religieuse, sociale et culturelle de la communauté qu'ils étudient. Ils ont ainsi raison du temps qui travaille contre la mémoire, collective comme individuelle. L'étude que je présente aujourd'hui s'inscrit dans la vague qui a poussé les historiens à éclairer le milieu où ils vivent et à concourir ainsi, de plus ou moins loin, à l'évaluation de l'histoire nationale déjà reçue. Môn mémoire consiste à présenter et à interpréter l'histoire de la Société St-Jean-Baptiste de Sherbrooke, une Société qui s'est très tôt inscrite dans le développement de la ville de Sherbrooke, puis du diocèse. On pourrait penser qu'il appartient à l'histoire sociale et culturelle uniquement. Mais l'orientation que la SSJB de Sherbrooke a prise au cours du 20e siècle et le climat politique dans lequel elle évolue depuis une vingtaine d'années, notamment, font que mon mémoire déborde largement l'aspect socio-culturel de l'histoire de Sherbrooke et du diocèse Saint-Michel. Il a donc une extension que je n'avais pas prévue au moment du choix de mon sujet.

Relatório da Comissão Geológica do Reino acerca da viagem feita aos diversos países da Europa pelo Membro Carlos Ribeiro em 1858

Relatório original, datado de 31 de Janeiro de 1859, do espólio do "Arquivo Histórico do LNEG"

Dinâmicas nas (re)configurações da cultura organizacional : a Casa de Infância de Santo António (1858-2008)

Tese de Doutoramento, Educação (Sociologia da Educação), 11 de Julho 2013, Universidade dos Açores.

Conflitos ambientais e progresso técnico na indústria mineira e metalúrgica em Portugal (1858-1938)

This chapter explores the relationship between environmental conflicts and technical progress, trying to understand, in the case of large mines of the Iberian Pyrite Belt, in Alentejo, how emerging environmental problems conditioned the performance or led to the search for alternative technical solutions, taking as chronological limit for this observation the beginning of World War II. In the absence of the archives of the companies, the research was based on existing administrative documents in the state archives (mining engineers reports, the licensing of mining activities), on reports and documents published in specialized mining press, in particular, the Bulletin of the Ministry of Public Works, Trade and Industry, the Journal of Public Works, Trade and Industry (both in Portuguese), and finally in the local press. Despite that limitation, the information available shows that in global competition markets, the success of the British enterprise in Santo Domingo had the active search for new technical solutions for the creation and adaptation of existing knowledge to local problems in order to maximize the mineral resources available. The early development of the hydrometallurgical processes for the treatment of poor ores, named ‘natural cementation’, can be explained as the way these companies tried to solve problems of competitiveness, boosting economies of scale. Thus, they transferred the environmental costs previously limited to agriculture to more fragile social groups, the poor fishermen of Guadiana River and of Vila Real de Santo António. Therefore, the hydrometallurgy of pyrites was developed locally, pioneered in Santo Domingo that allowed the survival and expansion of the British company from the late 1870s, that is, at a time when most small mines shut since they were not able to compete globally. Through different consented and regulated processes (judicial), through conflict or parliamentary mediation, the State imposed exceptionally additional costs to companies, either for compensation, the imposing the application of remediation measures to reduce the environmental damage in some cases, thus contributing to derail some projects. These cases suggest that the interaction between local conflicts, corporate behavior and technological progress proves to be complex. This article aims to contribute to the debate on economic and social history between the environment and technological progress, arguing that the fixed costs and economic imponderable social risks were factors that encouraged the companies to search for new solutions and to introduce innovations since that would allow the expansion of their activity. In this process the companies sometimes faced environmental dilemmas and unforeseen costs with consequences on the economy of firms. The nature of the knowledge needed to address the environmental problems they created, however, is of a very different nature from that knowledge needed to face the environmental burdens that were inherent to the development of its activity.

Ángeles López de Ayala (1858-1926): icono del librepensamiento en la España de entre siglos

Durante las dos últimas décadas del siglo XIX y las primeras del XX, España fue escenario de diferentes proyectos políticos y sociales asociados al republicanismo y las ideologías de izquierdas. Sus promotores hablaban de conseguir la regeneración del país mediante la reorganización de la sociedad. Se trataba, según ellos, de sacar al país del atraso en el que se encontraba y de acercarlo a aquellos países en los que el progreso se había impuesto a las fuerzas partidarias de mantener las viejas y caducas estructuras sociales y regímenes políticos. Entre estos grupos progresistas el discurso dominante era el de un cambio social y político radical. Volvían con nostalgia su mirada hacia atrás, teniendo como modelo la Primera República y sus ideales, y aspiraban a implantar la Segunda República. Su discurso anticlerical y antimonárquico promovía una revolución social y política, que cambiase totalmente el país en todos sus aspectos: costumbres, política, educación, y también que reinventase las relaciones de género, y redefiniese el papel de la mujer en la nueva sociedad...

Effect of high densities on growth, stress response and plasma amino acid levels in senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis, Kaup 1858)

Dissertação de mest. em Aquacultura e Pescas, Faculdade de Ciências do Mar e do Ambiente, Univ. do Algarve, 2006

Diets of the sole Solea vulgaris Quensel, 1806 and Solea senegalensis Kaup, 1858 in the lower estuary of the Guadiana River (Algarve, southern Portugal): Preliminary results

The feeding habits of two major species of sole, the common sole Solea vulgaris Quensel, 1806 and the Senegalese sole Solea senegalensis Kaup, 1858 were studied in the lower estuary of the Guadiana River (Algarve, southern Portugal). An evaluation of the number, weight, and feeding coefficient of prey types showed that S. vulgaris feed on a limited variety of prey (only Polychaeta and Tanaidacea) and present low-intensity feeding activity, with small differences in diet between seasons. S. senegalensis also have a low-diversity diet (with only one more taxa, Amphipoda), but exhibit more intense feeding activity which varies seasonally, although with little seasonal variation in the relative importance of the main preys. The diet composition of these two species suggests feeding specialization.

Entre a arte e o engenho: a formação de professores do ensino primário em Évora (1884-1919)

O presente texto pretende dar um contributo para o estudo da formação de professores do ensino primário em Évora, nos finais do século XIX e as duas primeiras décadas do Século XX. Para tal, impõe-se-nos enquadrar a formação de professores do ensino primário em Portugal, caracterizar a rede escolar e os professores do distrito de Évora da segunda metade do Século XIX e, a partir daí, descrever o funcionamento da Escola Normal de 2a classe de Évora, estabelecida no edifício da Igreja de S. Pedro e inaugurada em 1884. Após uma curta existência de oito anos, esta escola foi encerrada e deu lugar à Escola Distrital de Habilitação para o Magistério Primário de Évora, criada em 1896. Apesar de alguma instabilidade institucional (com mudanças nos curricula e na duração da formação), entre 1884 e 1919, estas duas escolas habilitaram dezenas de professores do ensino primário que leccionaram no distrito de Évora. Between art and ability: The primary teachers' formation in Évora (1884 -1919). ABSTRACT: The following text has the purpose of contributing for the study of primary teachers' formation in Évora by the end of the nineteenth century and the first two decades of the twentieth century. Therefore, we first need to understand the frame given by the teachers' formation of the primary school in Portugal, to characterize the school network and the teachers of Évora district of the second half of the nineteenth century and, from that, describe the function of Escola Normal de 2a classe of Évora, established in the building of S. Pedro's church and first opened in 1884. After a short eight years of existence, this school was closed and gave place to Escola Distrital de Habilitação for the Magistério Primário of Évora, created in 1896. Despite some institutional instability (with changes in the curricula and length of the formation), between 1884 and 1919, this two schools qualified several primary teachers for the district of Évora.

El liberalismo positivista en Costa Rica: la lucha entre ladinos e indígenas en Orosi: 1881-1884

Introducción Nuestro interés al presentar esta sección documental, obedece  no a la introducción de un asunto en verdad novedoso, sino a un intento de complementación de otros temas tratados en la Revista de  Historia sobre los cuales existen pocos e insuficientes estudios históricos. Por otra parte son varias las obras que han comentado acerca del liberalismo y su concomitante enfrentamiento entre indígenas y ladinos en Centro América, pero casi siempre en el caso de Costa Rica, se ha hecho énfasis en sus particularidades, dando a entender que esta clase de enfrentamientos no se produjeron o si se dieron fue esporádicamente y pacíficamente. Sin negar en ningún momento las verdaderas particularidades del caso, presentamos ante los lectores un ejemplo histórico  de esta misma naturaleza, que se produjo en el pueblo de Orosi entre los años 1881 y 1884 y que toca además otros tópicos de interés agrario, urbano e ideológico en general.

El liberalismo positivista en Costa Rica: la lucha entre ladinos e indígenas en Orosi: 1881-1884

Introducción Nuestro interés al presentar esta sección documental, obedece  no a la introducción de un asunto en verdad novedoso, sino a un intento de complementación de otros temas tratados en la Revista de  Historia sobre los cuales existen pocos e insuficientes estudios históricos. Por otra parte son varias las obras que han comentado acerca del liberalismo y su concomitante enfrentamiento entre indígenas y ladinos en Centro América, pero casi siempre en el caso de Costa Rica, se ha hecho énfasis en sus particularidades, dando a entender que esta clase de enfrentamientos no se produjeron o si se dieron fue esporádicamente y pacíficamente. Sin negar en ningún momento las verdaderas particularidades del caso, presentamos ante los lectores un ejemplo histórico  de esta misma naturaleza, que se produjo en el pueblo de Orosi entre los años 1881 y 1884 y que toca además otros tópicos de interés agrario, urbano e ideológico en general.

Entre lo simbólico y lo real: las leyes anticlericales de 1884 en Costa Rica

ResumenEstudia el impacto de la legislación anticlerical dictada en Costa Rica en 1884 sobre el quehacer del clero costarricense. Enfatiza en la ley de la secularización de los cementerios, la prohibición de celebraciones religiosas fuera de los templos y el análisis de las finanzas eclesiásticas.AbstractA study of the impact of anti-Church legislation adopted in 1884 in Costa Rica, as regards the activities of Costa Rican clergy. The article focuses on the secularization of cemeteries, the prohibition of religious celebrations outside the churches, and an analysis of the financial situation of the Church.

Determination of stress-strain characteristics of railhead steel using image analysis

True stress-strain curve of railhead steel is required to investigate the behaviour of railhead under wheel loading through elasto-plastic Finite Element (FE) analysis. To reduce the rate of wear, the railhead material is hardened through annealing and quenching. The Australian standard rail sections are not fully hardened and hence suffer from non-uniform distribution of the material property; usage of average properties in the FE modelling can potentially induce error in the predicted plastic strains. Coupons obtained at varying depths of the railhead were, therefore, tested under axial tension and the strains were measured using strain gauges as well as an image analysis technique, known as the Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). The head hardened steel exhibit existence of three distinct zones of yield strength; the yield strength as the ratio of the average yield strength provided in the standard (σyr=780MPa) and the corresponding depth as the ratio of the head hardened zone along the axis of symmetry are as follows: (1.17 σyr, 20%), (1.06 σyr, 20%- 80%) and (0.71 σyr, > 80%). The stress-strain curves exhibit limited plastic zone with fracture occurring at strain less than 0.1.

Spotlight on ... Philately : a tale of two postage stamps - following the things

I found it on eBay: ‘Jamaica GB used in 1858 6d x 2 sg Z5 used on piece A01 [Kingston] 1858’. Offered for sale by a stamp dealer on the Isle of Man was a scrap of blue paper, apparently part of an old envelope or torn off a sealed, folded letter, on which was stuck an attached pair of British postage stamps, each bearing the image of a young Queen Victoria