云南吕合中新世木贼属草问荆比较种及其古生态学研究

位于我国西南边陲的云南省今天以丰富的植物种类、复杂的植被类型，被誉为“绿色明珠”和“植物王国”，其现今格局的形成无疑是长期历史演化的结晶。探讨其植物区系成分的由来、植被演替的规律及其与环境的关系已经成为研究的热点问题。 新生代是云南植物王国形成和环境演变过程中的关键地质时期。本论文以新生代晚第三纪中新世吕合地区植物群为研究的切入点，对其中的木贼属（Equisetum L.）化石做了深入研究。 木贼属为早期陆地维管植物楔叶类唯一的现存代表，过去报道和研究的化石记录多集中在古生代和中生代，新生代的较少。 本文首次报道云南吕合中新世地层中发现的以地下根状茎和块茎形式保存的木贼属草问荆比较种（E. cf. pratense Ehrhart）。化石根状茎分明显的节和节间， 节部簇生1-4 串串珠状的块茎（每串块茎数目2-4 个），单个块茎椭圆形、圆球形、卵形或纺锤形，通常位于串珠末端的块茎顶端较尖。 木贼属现存两亚属：问荆亚属（8 个种，气孔与表皮齐平，地上茎一年生， 通常分枝，孢子囊穗顶端钝）和木贼亚属（7 个种，气孔凹陷于表皮，地上茎宿存，通常不分枝，孢子囊穗顶端尖）。问荆亚属中，除溪木贼（E. fluviatile L.） 和E. bogotense Kunth 外，其余6 个种都有块茎，而从未在木贼亚属中发现过块茎。具块茎的问荆亚属6 个种中，仅发现草问荆有2-3 个串联的块茎，其余种均为单个块茎。鉴于吕合发现的化石根状茎上着生块茎之特征和现代草问荆的情形一致，表明二者之间亲缘相近，故将吕合化石标本鉴定为草问荆比较种。 前人在北美、欧洲和亚洲的早白垩世到第三纪地层中，报道过14 种具根状茎和块茎的木贼类化石，其中具串珠状块茎的仅5 种。这些化石种与吕合标本有明显区别，如美国怀俄明州始新世的E. haydenii Lesquereux 根状茎的节部收缩，块茎有分枝。美国蒙大纳州渐新世至中新世的E. cf. arcticum Heer 和中国吉林始新世的E. hunchunense Guo 块茎在根状茎节上轮生。尽管据报道加拿大白垩纪E. perlaevigatum Cockerell 和辽宁北票早白垩世Equisetites longevaginatus Wu 有串珠状块茎结构，但原文提供的照片显示却只有单个块茎。 根据将今论古的原理，似可将化石的现存最近亲缘种草问荆的生境和物候调查结论，推演到发现草问荆比较种的云南吕合中新世地点及相应层位上。这样，不仅可以推测当时环境湿润，而且化石沉积的时间应为块茎形成的秋冬季节。结合前人在该产地发现喜热的亚热带成分壳斗科青冈属、栲属、金缕梅科枫香属等花粉和喜湿的桦木科桤木属花粉、杉科落羽杉型木以及红杉属的枝叶和球果，表明云南吕合中新世植被类型为常绿落叶阔叶混交林，气候类型为温暖湿润的亚热带气候。

The 1958 pearl oyster fishery, Gulf of Mannar

The continental shelf between the three and twelve fathom lines, off the Ceylon coast in the Gulf of Mannar is popularly known as the Pearl Banks. Though the area of this plateau is extensive the pearl oysters are concentrated on restricted areas known as "paars". The more productive of these are the Cheval Group of paars and the Moderagam Paar. The Peria Paar and Twynam's Paar though covering larger areas are not dependable as oyster beds. The True Vankalai, Peria Paar Karai and Muthuvarathu Paars are small in extent, but have yielded oysters on a commercial scale. Although the Ceylon Pearl Banks has been commercially fished for centuries, the first scientific investigation of its pearl oysters on an intensive scale was started by Herdman in 1902 (1902-06) and later continued by Hornell (1905-41), Shipley (1904-06), Pearson (1911-33), Jameson (1912-13), Southwell (1910-14) and Malpas (1922-39).

The Pearl Banks inspection: April, 1970

The last major pearl fishery in the Gulf of Mannar was held in February-March, 1958, when about 4.5 million oysters were collected from the south-west Cheval Paar by dredging. (Sivalingam 1961). Subsequently, two smaller fisheries, one in 1960 and another in 1961 took place. In these two fisheries one million oysters and four hundred thousand oysters respectively were collected from the Cheval paar by dredging. (De Fonselm 1953). Inspections of the Banks were carried out in 1962, 1963, 1964 and 1965. (Balasuriya 1964 and Silva 1965 and 66). Since then inspections were not possible due to one of two reasons or both the non-availability of operational dredges and a suitable vessel for this type of work.The "Pesalai" a 235-ton stern trawler was made available by the Ceylon Fisheries Corporation management for the 1970 inspection. Two new 6-foot dredges turned out by the Government Factory were also available for this work. However, the survey was limited to 3 days-the period for which the vessel had been released. It was further limited to those areas of the banks over 6 fathoms in depth because of the risk in operating a large vessel in shallower depths.

Highly efficient spin transport in epitaxial graphene on SiC

Spin information processing is a possible new paradigm for post-CMOS (complementary metal-oxide semiconductor) electronics and efficient spin propagation over long distances is fundamental to this vision. However, despite several decades of intense research, a suitable platform is still wanting. We report here on highly efficient spin transport in two-terminal polarizer/analyser devices based on high-mobility epitaxial graphene grown on silicon carbide. Taking advantage of high-impedance injecting/detecting tunnel junctions, we show spin transport efficiencies up to 75%, spin signals in the mega-ohm range and spin diffusion lengths exceeding 100μm. This enables spintronics in complex structures: devices and network architectures relying on spin information processing, well beyond present spintronics applications, can now be foreseen. © 2012 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved.

Zwischen Widerstandsrecht und starkem Staat. Ein Beitrag zur deutschen Rezeptionsgeschichte von Hobbes

Williams, H. and Wischke, M. (2004). Zwischen Widerstandsrecht und starkem Staat. Ein Beitrag zur deutschen Rezeptionsgeschichte von Hobbes. In K. Graf Ballestrem, V. Gerhardt, H. Ottmann and M. Thompson, Politisches Denken. Jahrbuch 2004 (pp.25-42). Berlin: Duncker & Humblot.

Erich Lessing: Arresting Time. Reportage Photography 1948-1973

Crawford, Alistair, Erich Lessing: Arresting Time. Reportage Photography 1948-1973 (New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 2005) RAE2008

Osobliwości środkowoeuropejskiej przestrzeni literackiej: ironiczni moraliści i ludyczni myśliciele

Autorka, stawiając pytanie o zasadność pojęcia Europy Środkowej, przypomina historię różnic poglądowych pomiędzy czeskimi a polskimi uczonymi na temat (nie)istnienia wspólnoty na tym terytorium: ci pierwsi w XIX wieku głosili ideę panslawizmu, w 30-tych latach XX wieku potrzebę syntezy kultur i literatur słowiańskich, a po II wojnie światowej przeciwstawiali słowiańskość Zachodowi, co wywoływało krytykę tych drugich. Stąd wynika odmienne rozumienie obszaru środkowoeuropejskiego – w Czechach przeważnie lokowanego w granicach Austro-Węgier, zaś w Polsce pojmowanego znacznie szerzej. Natomiast pewnego rodzaju spójny wyróżnik Europy Środkowej można znaleźć w literaturze, przytaczany bywa szczególnie gatunek powieści (np. Kafki, Haška, Musila, Gombrowicza), poprzedzony – jak przypomina autorka – polską gawędą i popularnym w Polsce szkicem fizjologicznym. Zawarty w nich element humoru, przeszedł w stadium satyry, a następnie groteski, tworząc dzięki temu niepowtarzalny odcień humoru środkowoeuropejskiego, często określanego jako drugi wyróżnik omawianego terytorium. Zdaniem autorki, środkowoeuropejska specyfika ściśle związana jest z kodem euroatlantyckim, a w tym właśnie kontekście zawsze powinna być rozpatrywana.

Investigation of nicknames in a bilingual environment

The author examines the use of nicknames by the Hungarians in Slovakia. Since the state and the verbal representation of nicknames are strongly influenced by the Hungarian-Slovak bilingual environment, the appearing contact phenomena in the anthroponymic corpus are also investigated in this study. In addition, the paper deals with written nicknames found in written sources, the denomination motives of nicknames used in modern language, sociolinguistic, dialectological, etymological, morphological, and stylistic peculiarities found in the onomastic corpus. The usage of nicknames of adults and students is confronted and discussed with reference to an empirical and comparative study.

Warianty realizacji austriackości w wybranych autorów (Joseph Roth, Stefan Zweig, Franz Theodor Csokor i Ődön von Horváth) w odniesieniu do kategorii granicznych starego i nowego świata

Wydział Neofilologii:Instytut Filologii Germańskiej

The ‘Faust’ or ’Lucifer’ Sonata? On Liszt’s idea of programme music as exemplifi ed by his Piano Sonata in B minor

The musicological tradition places Liszt’s Sonata in B minor within the sphere of compositions inspired by the Faustian myth. Its musical material, its structure and its narrative exhibit certain similarities to the ‘Faust’ Symphony. Yet there has appeared a diff erent and, one may say, a rival interpretation of Sonata in B minor. What is more, it is well-documented from both a musical and a historical point of view. It has been presented by Hungarian pianist and musicologist Tibor Szász. He proposes the thesis that the Sonata in B minor has been in fact inspired by Milton’s Paradise Lost, with its three protagonists: Adam, Satan and Christ. He fi nds their illustrations and even some key elements of the plot in the Sonata’s narrative. But yet Milton’s Paradise Lost and Goethe’s Faust are both stories of the Fall and Salvation, of the cosmic struggle between good and evil. The triads of their protagonists – Adam and Eve, Satan, and Christ; Faust, Mephisto and Gretchen – are homological. Thus both interpretations of the Sonata, the Goethean and the Miltonian, or, in other words, the Faustian and the Luciferian, are parallel and complementary rather than rival. It is also highly probable that both have had their impact on the genesis of the Sonata in B minor.

Online and Offline Character Recognition Using Alignment to Prototypes

Nearest neighbor classifiers are simple to implement, yet they can model complex non-parametric distributions, and provide state-of-the-art recognition accuracy in OCR databases. At the same time, they may be too slow for practical character recognition, especially when they rely on similarity measures that require computationally expensive pairwise alignments between characters. This paper proposes an efficient method for computing an approximate similarity score between two characters based on their exact alignment to a small number of prototypes. The proposed method is applied to both online and offline character recognition, where similarity is based on widely used and computationally expensive alignment methods, i.e., Dynamic Time Warping and the Hungarian method respectively. In both cases significant recognition speedup is obtained at the expense of only a minor increase in recognition error.

Shifting Loyalties: World War I and the Conflicted Politics of Patriotism in the British Caribbean

This dissertation examines how the crisis of World War I impacted imperial policy and popular claims-making in the British Caribbean. Between 1915 and 1918, tens of thousands of men from the British Caribbean volunteered to fight in World War I and nearly 16,000 men, hailing from every British colony in the region, served in the newly formed British West Indies Regiment (BWIR). Rousing appeals to imperial patriotism and manly duty during the wartime recruitment campaigns and postwar commemoration movement linked the British Empire, civilization, and Christianity while simultaneously promoting new roles for women vis-à-vis the colonial state. In Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago, the two colonies that contributed over seventy-five percent of the British Caribbean troops, discussions about the meaning of the war for black, coloured, white, East Indian, and Chinese residents sparked heated debates about the relationship among race, gender, and imperial loyalty.

To explore these debates, this dissertation foregrounds the social, cultural, and political practices of BWIR soldiers, tracing their engagements with colonial authorities, military officials, and West Indian civilians throughout the war years. It begins by reassessing the origins of the BWIR, and then analyzes the regional campaign to recruit West Indian men for military service. Travelling with newly enlisted volunteers across the Atlantic, this study then chronicles soldiers' multi-sited campaign for equal status, pay, and standing in the British imperial armed forces. It closes by offering new perspectives on the dramatic postwar protests by BWIR soldiers in Italy in 1918 and British Honduras and Trinidad in 1919, and reflects on the trajectory of veterans' activism in the postwar era.

This study argues that the racism and discrimination soldiers experienced overseas fueled heightened claims-making in the postwar era. In the aftermath of the war, veterans mobilized collectively to garner financial support and social recognition from colonial officials. Rather than withdrawing their allegiance from the empire, ex-servicemen and civilians invoked notions of mutual obligation to argue that British officials owed a debt to West Indians for their wartime sacrifices. This study reveals the continued salience of imperial patriotism, even as veterans and their civilian allies invoked nested local, regional, and diasporic loyalties as well. In doing so, it contributes to the literature on the origins of patriotism in the colonial Caribbean, while providing a historical case study for contemporary debates about "hegemonic dissolution" and popular mobilization in the region.

This dissertation draws upon a wide range of written and visual sources, including archival materials, war recruitment posters, newspapers, oral histories, photographs, and memoirs. In addition to Colonial Office records and military files, it incorporates previously untapped letters and petitions from the Jamaica Archives, National Archives of Trinidad and Tobago, Barbados Department of Archives, and US National Archives.

AN EXAMINATION OF 19TH CENTURY AUSTROGERMAN VIOLIN SONATAS

For my dissertation recital project, I traced the course of the violin-piano sonata in Austro- German in the 19th century, after Beethoven. My project presented works in three general categories. First, I presented works that are frequently-played standards of the violin sonata repertoire, works by Johannes Brahms, Franz Schubert, and Robert Schumann. The Second category is works by composers better known for their other compositions: Felix Mendelssohn and Richard Strauss. Finally, I choose the works seldom played these days, but worth of consideration, by Carl Maria von Weber and Max Reger. For my first recital, I performed Schubert's Violin Sonata, No. 1, Op. 137 in D major, Schumann's Violin Sonata, No. 1, Op. 105 in a minor, and Brahms' Violin Sonata, No.3, Op. 108 in d minor, with Naoko Takao as pianist. My second recital included works of Weber's Sonata, No. 1, Op. lob, in F major, Mendelssohn's Sonata, in F major (1838), and Schumann's Sonata, No.Z,Op.121 in d minor with Grace Cho. I concluded my final recital with the works of Reger's Violin Sonata, No. 1, Op. 1 in d minor and Strauss' Violin Sonata, Op. 18 in E flat major, Soo-Young Jung at the piano. All three programs are documented in a digital audio format available on compact disc, with accompanying programs also available in digital format.