Análise morfológica in vitro da ação de antifúngicos em cepas de Fonsecaea pedrosoi

A cromoblatomicose (CBM) é uma doença causada por implantação transcutânea de várias espécies de fungos melanizados. O estado do Pará é a principal área endêmica do país, sendo Fonsecaea pedrosoi o principal agente etiológico. O tratamento desta doença não é padronizado e diversas formas de intervenção são relatadas na literatura. Por outro lado, os testes de susceptibilidade in vitro aos fármacos antifúngicos podem ajudar na escolha do esquema terapêutico e na identificação de cepas resistentes. Este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar a susceptibilidade in vitro ao itraconazol (ITZ), ao cetoconazol, (CTZ), ao fluconazol (FCZ) e a terbinafina (TBF) em 20 isolados clínicos de Fonsecaea pedrosoi, bem como as possíveis alterações morfológicas induzidas por ITZ ou TBF na Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM) e em altas concentrações. Os testes de susceptibilidade foram conduzidos de acordo com as recomendações do Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI, documento M38-A2). As concentrações finais de ITZ, TBF e CTZ em cada teste variaram de 16 a 0.03 μg/mL e de 64 a 0.125 μg/mL para o FCZ. A CIM para cada fármaco utilizado foi obtida após cinco dias de incubação a 30°C, sendo definida como a mínima concentração do fármaco capaz de reduzir em 100% o crescimento visual do fungo quando comparado com o grupo controle. O ITZ demonstrou ser o fármaco mais efetivo in vitro contra conídios de F. pedrosoi (CIM ₉₀= 1μg/mL). A TBF apresentou baixa atividade in vitro, com 70% das cepas apresentando CIM ≥ 0.5 μg/mL. Quando se analisa morfologicamente os conídios tratados com a CIM para ITZ observa-se um aumento no diâmetro celular, a presença de conídios em processo de divisão e formação de pequenas cadeias. Na maior concentração do teste de susceptibilidade (16 μg/mL) observou-se a irregularidade no contorno celular, o desprendimento de material pigmentado da parede celular e a vacuolização. Em 32 μg/mL e 64 μg/mL notou-se a ruptura da parede celular e conídos amorfos. Não foram observadas - em nenhuma das concentrações analisadas - alterações morfológicas significativas induzidas pela TBF. Além disso, a 5-Fluorocitosina (5-FC) e o FCZ não impediram o crescimento dos conídios, mesmo em altas concentrações. No entanto, alterações ultraestruturais foram notadas após tratamento com 5-FC 64 μg/mL. Portanto, sugere-se um comportamento morfológico diferente de conídios frente ao ITZ ou TBF durante os testes de susceptibilidade in vitro. Em síntese, dentre os fármacos estudados, ITZ apresentou a melhor atividade antifúngica in vitro, enquanto a 5-FC somente provocou alterações estruturais em hifas e conídios na mais alta concentração utilizada no estudo.

Use of synthetic aperture radar for recognition of Coastal Geomorphological Features, land-use assessment and shoreline changes in Bragança coast, Pará, Northern Brazil

Imagens de radar de abertura sintética (SAR) vem sendo bem mais utilizadas do que antes nas aplicações de geociências em regiões tropicais úmidas. Nesta investigação, uma imagem RADARSAT-1, na banda C, polarização HH adquirida em 1998 foi usada para o mapeamento costeiro e avaliação da cobertura da terra na área de Bragança, norte do Brasil. Imagem do radar aerotransportado GEMS-1000, na banda X, polarização HH, adquirida em 1972 durante o projeto RADAM foi também utilizada para avaliar as variações costeiras ocorridas nas últimas três décadas. A pesquisa tem confirmado a utilidade da imagem RADARSAT-1 para o mapeamento geomorfológico e avaliação da cobertura da terra, particularmente em costas de manguezal de macromaré. Além disso, um novo método para estimar as variações da linha de costa baseado na superposição de vetores extraídos de diferentes imagens SAR, com alta acurácia geométrica, tem mostrado que a planície costeira de Bragança tem estado sujeita a severa erosão responsável pelo recuo de aproximadamente 32 km² e acreção de 20 km², resultando em uma perda de área de manguezal de aproximadamente 12 km². Como perspectiva de aplicação, dados SAR orbitais e aerotransportados provaram ser uma importante fonte de informação tanto para o mapeamento geomorfológico, quando para o monitoramento de modificações costeiras em ambientes tropicais úmidos.

Viabilidade técnica e econômica de povoamentos de eucalyptus spp. Sob diferentes espaçamentos visando a produção de biomassa para energia

Pós-graduação em Ciência Florestal - FCA

Influence of spray mixture volume and flight height on herbicide deposition in aerial applications on pastures

The objective of the present study was to analyze the influence of spray mixture volume and flight height on herbicide deposition in aerial applications on pastures. The experimental plots were arranged in a pasture area in the district of Porto Esperidião (Mato Grosso, Brazil). In all of the treatments, the applications contained the herbicides aminopyralid and fluroxypyr (Dominum) at the dose of 2.5 L c.p. ha-1, including the adjuvant mineral oil (Joint Oil) at the dose of 1.0 L and a tracer to determine the deposition by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) (rhodamine at a concentration of 0.6%). The experiment consisted of nine treatments that comprised the combinations of three spray volumes (20, 30 and 50 L ha-1) and three flight heights (10, 30 and 40 m). The results showed that, on average, there was a tendency for larger deposits for the smallest flight heights, with a significant difference between the heights of 10 and 40 m. There was no significant difference among the deposits obtained with the different spray mixture volumes.

About the thermal stability and pore elimination in the ordered hexagonal mesoporous silica SBA-15

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

The Influence of Small Quantities of Oxygen in the Structure, Microstructure, Hardness, Elasticity Modulus and Cytocompatibility of Ti-Zr Alloys for Dental Applications

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Ultrasonographic, computed tomographic, and operative findings in dogs infested with giant kidney worms (Dioctophyme renale)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Seasonality of Pelecinus polyturator (Drury) (Hymenoptera, Pelecinidae) in the Atlantic Rainforest of Sao Paulo State, Brazil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Participation of the dorsal periaqueductal grey matter in the hypoxic ventilatory response in unanaesthetized rats

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Concurrent training effect on muscle fibers in Wistar rats

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Comparison of the performance of natural latex membranes prepared with different procedures and PTFE membrane in guided bone regeneration (GBR) in rabbits

This work assessed the performance of membranes made of natural latex extracted from Hevea brasiliensis prepared with three different methods: polymerized immediately after collection without the use of ammonia (L1); polymerized after preservation in ammonia solution (L2); and polymerized after storage in ammonia, followed by Soxhlet technique for the extraction of substances (L3). Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane was used as control. Two 10-mm diameter bone defects were surgically made in the calvaria of thirty adult male New Zealand rabbits. Defects (total n = 60) were treated with guided bone regeneration (GBR) using L1, L2, L3 or PTFE membranes (n = 15 for each membrane). Ten animals were euthanized after 7, 20 and 60 days postoperatively so that five samples (n = 5) of each treatment were collected at each time, and bone regeneration was assessed microscopically. The microscopic analysis revealed defects filled with blood clot and new bone formation at the margins of the defect in all 7-day samples, while 20-day defects were mainly filled with fibrous connective tissue. After 60 days defects covered with L1 membranes showed a significantly larger bone formation area in comparison to the other groups (P < 0.05, ANOVA, Tukey). Additionally, bone tissue hypersensitization for L1 and PTFE membranes was also investigated in six additional rabbits. The animals were subjected to the same surgical procedure for the confection of one 10-mm diameter bone defect that was treated with L1 (n = 3) or PTFE (n = 3). Fifty-three days later, a second surgery was performed to make a second defect, which was treated with the same type of membrane used in the first surgery. Seven days later, the animals were euthanized and samples analyzed. No differences among L1 and PTFE samples collected from sensitized and non-sensitized animals were found (P > 0.05, Kruskal-Wallis). Therefore, the results demonstrated that latex membranes presented performance comparable to PTFE membranes, and that L1 membranes induced higher bone formation. L1 and PTFE membranes produced no hypersensitization in the bone tissue.

Multi-vortex State Induced by Proximity Effects in a Small Superconducting Square

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Characterizing background heterogeneity in visual communication

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Theoretical Referents in Knowledge Organization: A Domain Analysis of the Knowledge Organization Journal

Aiming at contributing to the epistemological characterization of the area of knowledge organization, our goal is to analyze the KO journal, since its creation in 1993, as a knowledge domain, from a nuclear community of the most productive and greater impact authors, analyzing the dialogue among citing authors and cited ones, and also the co-citations established by the citing authors. We worked with a corpus of 310 articles published between 1993 and 2011 produced by a total of 360 authors. The relatively more productive authors, a group geographically concentrated in Europe (37%), North America (44%) and Asia (19%), is clearly explained by the historical European origin of the ISKO and by an increasing North American presence along the years. Of the 33 most cited authors, 22 were co-cited in at least 6 works, which suggests that they are the theoretical referential nucleus of the area, in the studied journal. Finally, we observe that the area reveals theme cohesion and coherence in its production, enabling us to clearly visualize its theoretical referential nucleus and to confirm the role performed by the KO magazine as a catalyzing agent of international theoretical construction in the area.

Anurans from the Serra da Bocaina National Park and surrounding buffer area, southeastern Brazil

Here, we review the species of anuran amphibian from the Serra da Bocaina National Park and its buffer area, in the Atlantic Forest of southeastern Brazil, comparing the data from a recent survey with museum records. We surveyed adult and larval anurans in ponds, marshes, and streams discontinuously from May 2008 to January 2011. In total, 63 anuran species were previously known to occur at the Park and its surrounding buffer area. In our survey, we recorded 46 species, of which five represented new records, and 22 appeared only in the historical list. Seven topotypic populations were not found in the present study. We suggest that conservation strategies for anurans in the Serra da Bocaina should also consider the surrounding areas that are subjected to anthropogenic pressure, due to the high diversity recorded, high altitudinal variation in species distribution, and various vegetation formations.