Política de formação continuada de professores: a repercussão do Programa Pró-Letramento no trabalho de professores de escolas públicas

Trata da Política de Formação Continuada de professores no Brasil, tendo como objeto de estudo o Pró-Letramento, um programa de formação continuada de professores de escolas públicas, na modalidade à distância (semipresencial), que visa à melhoria da aprendizagem da leitura/escrita e matemática nas séries iniciais do ensino fundamental realizado pelo MEC, em parceria com universidades que integram a Rede Nacional de Formação Continuada de Professores e com os sistemas de ensino. O problema de pesquisa consiste na seguinte preocupação: O programa Pró-Letramento é parte da política educacional vigente de precarização, intensificação do trabalho docente e responsabilização dos professores pelos resultados dos sistemas educacionais? Esta investigação foi norteada pelas seguintes questões motivadoras: O programa Pró-Letramento tem contribuído para melhoria do trabalho docente? Que concepções de formação continuada e trabalho docente estão presentes nesta política educacional? O Pró-Letramento tem reforçado a responsabilização dos professores pelo desempenho dos alunos? O objetivo consistiu em analisar a repercussão do Pró- Letramento no trabalho de professores que atuam em escolas públicas, que participaram ou estão participando da formação continuada oferecida por esse programa no período compreendido entre os anos de 2008 a 2011, no Pólo Belém, com base no momento atual de discussão das políticas educacionais brasileira. Como objetivos específicos, essa investigação acadêmica pretendeu identificar se o Pró-Letramento integra uma política de valorização do magistério que visa à melhoria das condições de trabalho, remuneração e atuação profissional; investigar que concepção de formação continuada está presente nesta política educacional, se restrita a conhecimentos práticos ou mais amplos no sentido de propiciar a compreensão do contexto social em que se processa a atuação profissional e, verificar se o Pró-Letramento tem reforçado a responsabilização dos professores pelo desempenho dos alunos, da escola e do sistema ou a intensificação do trabalho docente. Os procedimentos teórico metodológicos consistiram em levantamento bibliográfico, análise de documentos e em pesquisa de campo, mediante a realização de entrevista semiestruturada. Para a análise dos dados foi realizada análise do conteúdo. A presente investigação apontou como principais resultados, com base no aporte teórico elencado e no relato das professoras entrevistadas, que a formação continuada em serviço e a distância basilar nas propostas de programas governamentais têm sido apresentadas como uma formação que é desenvolvida de forma aligeirada, pouco fundamentada teoricamente, descontínua e descontextualizada o que implica em débitos para atuação profissional dos professores e, que as professoras cursistas do Pró-Letramento não têm contado com condições adequadas de trabalho, carreira, remuneração e formação continuada. Com base nas considerações finais, constata-se que existe a necessidade de efetivação de uma política de formação capaz de formar um profissional com condições de compreender os processos sociais e de relacioná-los ao contexto de sua atuação profissional, e com isso romper com uma política de formação de professores, pautada em uma perspectiva utilitarista e individualizadora de formação continuada de professores e dissociada da garantia de valorização do magistério e condições adequadas de trabalho.

Desenvolvimento de uma proposta metodológica para educação em energia: um estudo de caso com estudantes de EJA

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

A educação matemática nos anos iniciais: análise de necessidades de formação profissional de docentes no contexto do SARESP

Pós-graduação em Educação para a Ciência - FC

Processos de pesquisa e de estudo e a formação de professores: alguns aspectos teórico-metodológicos

Both the research and the university extension projects and the experiences of the students have an important role for the training of the teachers. Bring these issues of the quotidian aspects in the school to be analyzed by students to favor closer relations between theory and practice considering a specific academics context, historicizing and contextualizing both of them. Added to this, it allows for analyzing didactic issues in the interrelationship between the organizational aspects and the school community aspects. From these aspects, and considering our practice in teaching and researching in the university, we intend to address in this article to analyze theoretical and methodological aspects of research processes and the study aspects which, in our view, are important and add quality in the role of teacher training in both the initial and continuing education. We use the research and the study terms, because we believe that the developments of the both are fundamental to the methodological emphasis of the study process.

Influência de procedimentos educativos sobre os conceitos de berçários

The duality care-education is an aspect to be considered in the routine of childhood education institutions that have a nursery. The concepts of professionals who work in the nursery interfere with the developed practice, and require great concern regarding the continuing education. The objective of this study was to verify the effects of educational procedures on the concepts related to functions and benefi ts of the nursery for the child – from the professionals who work in a childhood education institution. These professionals were teachers and development assistants from municipal nurseries of Marília, interviewed four times – initially, after each of the two rearing procedures, and six months after the procedures. These procedures consisted of educational workshops, once a week, for one month, and 15 hours of supervised practices in the nursery. Both practices focused on the activities and their benefi ts to the child’s development. We found that the educators’ knowledge comes from common sense, and that educational workshops provided changes on their information levels, which were strengthened by supervised practice. The analysis indicates that the initial and continuing education of professionals need to consider specifi c aspects of child development, so more adequate concepts are built.

Os desafios e as possibilidades de ensinar ciências nos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental: uma investigação com professores

Pós-graduação em Educação para a Ciência - FC

Experimentação e educação ambiental: contribuições metodológicas

During the last centuries, the human being have been considered the center of the universe. The man believed that nature was at his disposal. Appropriated their processes, their cycles changed, redefined their spaces. Today, when faced with an environmental crisis which threatens the planet life, including the human life, the Science Education can contribute to a reconstruction of man-nature relationship in other terms. The transformation of teaching practices in the school environment, to be reflective, it is still a process that challenges the vast majority of teachers. As has been indicated by Guerra (2004), among others, the traditional teaching of content delivery is still very strong and certainly more deeply embedded in ideas and activities of the teachers who focus on environmental education. With it, a theory and pedagogical discourses in critical-reflexive actions is still a major obstacle. Therefore, new proposals for education and continuing education activities need to be formulated and presented based on the characteristics and needs breathing. Therefore propose changes in the way of teaching, where there is more room for a theory and praxis alone or with a only scientific truth. The scenery of society requires that knowledge is constructed to interconnect all disciplines, joining theory and practice so we can understand the whole and their relations in an integrated manner. It was proposed here a way to build a school and applying theoretical and practical activities involving experimental and seeking to meet the principles of Environmental Education for the training of citizens aware and critical. At the same time cares to use textbooks very rich in its pedagogical character that are present in schools and often are, forgotten and unused by teachers. From this way, I chose to Experimentoteca, ...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Manifestações da sexualidade infantil: percepção de pais e professoras de crianças de 0 a 6 anos

This article presents a descriptive-qualitative study aimed at investigating the perception of seven teachers, 5 parents and 18 mothers about the sexual expression of children until 6 years old, through a questionnaire with semi-open questions for content analysis. The sexual behavior identified by adults at home or school refers mainly to gender issues and the discovery of the body: the children reproduce conceptions of masculine and feminine, they manipulate their own bodies or that of others, and they talk about dating, kissing in the mouth and sex. The teachers have a higher perception of the children’s sexual behaviors than their parents at home, because they are more explicit in school. Teachers report that the observed behaviors cause anxiety and discomfort, while the parents report that they usually talk with their children about the theme. In general, there are reports of little knowledge about how to deal with children’s sexual manifestations: for teachers, who have little academic training in the area of sexuality, and for the family, who show some personal and moral difficulties. It was concluded that participants understand children as having sexuality because they perceive different expressions of infant sexuality that are typical in the development. It is necessary to invest in teachers’ academic and continuing education in early childhood, and in a joint work with family and school, in search of a positive experience of an emancipatory sexual education for children.

A (des)informação dos gestores/as e professores/as em sexualidade e educação sexual-relato de uma experiência

The present study aimed to know the training and guidance for managers and teachers in sexuality, in order to ascertain whether there was a demand for a training course covering these topics. The participants of this study of the qualitative and quantitative nature were managers and teachers of a municipality in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, more precisely 40 professionals who were invited to participate in a study by answering a questionnaire with semi-enclosed 20 questions. The purpose of this instrument was to know their training and information on sexuality. In general, in various questions about the trajectory of these professionals, contained in the questionnaire, it was evident the lack of training in sexuality and related issues, denouncing the training demand in this area. Considering this, it was developed and implemented a training course on sexuality for these professionals, which was conceived to treat different subjects in order to instigate in them a rethinking about the importance of sex education in the school environment. The results obtained so far show the mobilization of them in order to implement the proposed sex education in the school where they are working. Anyway, we know that there is much to do considering contributing in training of sexuality education, but this initiative shows that it necessary to provide more opportunities for initial and continuing education for these professionals.

Odontologia baseada em evidências: otimizando a prática e a pesquisa

Clinical decisions in dentistry are often based on the knowledge obtained during graduation, clinical experience, information shared with colleagues and professor, textbooks, seminars, conferences and continuing education courses. However, it is necessary to know if this information is derived from scientifically validated researches since too much information may complicate this process. Initially in medicine and later in other health areas a method which enables a critical evaluation of scientific papers related to a specific issue and also, whenever it is possible, an evaluation of the results by meta-analysis,was developed by Cochrane in order to reduce the bias towards all information obtained. The aim of this work is to present some aspects of the Evidence Based Dentistry (EBD) and to show how this methodology can be used to better substantiate scientifically the clinical decision of the dentist and improve researches design with scientific validity. The paper discusses editorial trends focused on the EBD, shows the differences between a systematic and a conventional review, describes data about Cochrane and the advantages of scientific evidence synthesis and the implications of EBD for clinical practice and research as well as recommendation grades and evidence levels of general scientific studies.

Infecção viral respiratória comunitária e hospitalar em pacientes submetidos a transplante de células tronco hematopoiéticas

Pós-graduação em Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (Biotecnologia Médica) - FMB

O projeto EMAI: uma análise sobre seus pressupostos políticos, filosóficos e pedagógicos e a questão da autonomia

Pós-graduação em Educação para a Ciência - FC

O professor de biologia e a possibilidade de uso de diferentes abordagens de ensino com materiais midiáticos a fim de desenvolver a criticidade do aluno do ensino médio

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

O professor de biologia e a possibilidade de uso de diferentes abordagens de ensino com materiais midiáticos a fim de desenvolver a criticidade do aluno do ensino médio

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Gender inequity in the provision of care for hip disease: population-based cross-sectional study

Objectives To examine gender differences along the care pathway to total hip replacement. Methods We conducted a population-based cross-sectional study of 26,046 individuals aged 35 years and over in Avon and Somerset. Participants completed a questionnaire asking about care provision at five milestones on the pathway to total hip replacement. Those reporting hip disease were invited to a clinical examination. We estimated odds ratios (ORs) [95% confidence intervals (CI)] for provision of care to women compared with men. Results 3169 people reported hip pain, 2018 were invited for clinical examination, and 1405 attended (69.6%). After adjustment for age and disease severity, women were less likely than men to have consulted their general practitioner (OR 0.78, 95%-CI 0.61–1.00), as likely as men to have received drug therapy for hip pain in the previous year (OR 0.96, 95%-CI 0.74–1.24), but less likely to have been referred to specialist care (OR 0.53, 95%-CI 0.40–0.70), to have consulted an orthopaedic surgeon (OR 0.50, 95%-CI 0.32–0.78), or to be on a waiting list for total hip replacement (OR 0.41, 95%-CI 0.20–0.87). Differences remained in the 746 people who had sought care from their general practitioner, and after adjustment for willingness and fitness for surgery. Conclusions There are gender inequalities in provision of care for hip disease in England, which are not fully accounted for by gender differences in care seeking and treatment preferences. Differences in referral to specialist care by general practitioners might unwittingly contribute to this inequity. Accurate information about availability, benefits and risks of hip replacement for providers and patients, and continuing education to ensure that clinicians interpret and correct patients' assumptions could help reduce inequalities.