非传粉小蜂的食性及其对榕树- 传粉小蜂系统稳定性的影响

榕树与其传粉小蜂形成了高度专一的互惠共生系统。非传粉小蜂则是该系统的资源掠夺者, 但它与 该系统共存的机制仍不清楚。于2003 年12 月—2004 年4 月在西双版纳以聚果榕( Ficus racemosa L. ) 为材料, 研究了寄生在聚果榕榕果内的5 种非传粉小蜂的食性及相互关系, 以探讨非传粉小蜂与榕树- 传粉小蜂系统共 存的机制。结果表明: 寄生在聚果榕榕果内的5 种非传粉小蜂中, 仅Platyneura testacea Motschulsky 和Platyneu2 ra mayri Rasplus 能刺激子房发育成瘿花, 是造瘿者; Apocrypta sp . , Apocrypta westwoodi Grandi 和Platyneura a2 graensis Joseph 不能刺激子房发育成瘿花, 是拟寄生者。传粉小蜂的拟寄生者和造瘿者对传粉小蜂有负的影响, 但在蚂蚁和造瘿者的拟寄生蜂作用下, 这种负面影响并不显著, 而且它们对榕树繁殖没有显著影响。对小蜂自 然种群的分析表明, 传粉小蜂处于优势地位。说明在自然情况下传粉小蜂的拟寄生者和造瘿者的种群维持在一 个较低水平, 对榕树- 传粉小蜂系统稳定性影响较小, 故能与之长期共存。

Origin of rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in China: evidence from mitochondrial DNA control region sequence analysis

A fragment of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region (similar to700 bp) was sequenced in 104 individuals from 20 breeds (three Chinese domestic breeds, five recently derived breeds and 12 introduced breeds) of domestic rabbits, Oryctolagus cuniculus . Nineteen sites were polymorphic, with 18 transitions and one insertion/deletion, and eight haplotypes (A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7 and A8) were identified. Haplotype A1 was the most common and occurred in 89 individuals. In the 25 Chinese rabbits, only haplotype A1 was observed, while four haplotypes (A1, A3, A5 and A6) were found in 26 recently derived individuals. Haplotype A2 was shared by seven individuals among three introduced strains. The other six haplotypes accounted for 0. 96-1. 92% of the animals. Combined with the published sequences of European rabbits, a reduced median-joining network was constructed. The Chinese rabbit mtDNAs were scattered into two clusters of European rabbits. These results suggest that the (so-called) Chinese rabbits were introduced from Europe. Genetic diversity in Chinese rabbits was very low.

特异突触可塑性干扰肽在小鼠吗啡条件化位置偏爱表达过程中的作用

在作为成瘾检测手段的条件化位置偏爱模型中,环境背景和成瘾药物间的关联性学习起着关键的作用.突触可塑性作为学习记忆可能的物质基础,在药物成瘾方面的研究也越来越多,但其表现形式,长时程增强(LTP)或者长时程抑制(LTD)在成瘾过程中所发挥的具体作用尚不得而知.因此,本文利用生物信息学手段,设计并合成了旨在分别阻断LTP和LTD的干扰肽,研究其对小鼠吗啡条件化位置偏爱的影响.结果发现,干扰肽Pep-A2和Pep-A3能够分别特异地阻断海马CA1区的LTP和LTD,在测试前尾静脉注射具有穿膜特性的LTP/LTD特异性干扰肽(Tat-A2/Tat-A3),均能阻断或损伤吗啡诱导的条件化位置偏爱的表达.此发现提示我们,LTP和LTD在成瘾性异常记忆的过程中均发挥着重要的作用.

The survey of sexual maturity in Mugil cephalus so measuring sex hormones and histologic studies

In this study the process of female gray mullet brooders was carried out by using histological study and masurment of sex steroids. Results of histological studies showed that oocyte of gray mullet brooders in Gomishan Rearing Center conditions of develop to the end of yolk globule stage. The results were observed with oocyte in chromatin nucleolar stage (first stage) with means of diameter of 20 p m, in August, perinucleolar stage (second stage) in September with mean diameter of 87 p m, yolk vesicle stage (third stage) in October with mean diameter 200 p m and yolk granules stage (forth stage) from October to November with average diameter of 180 — 650 p m. For the reason of stopping oocyte develop at the end of fourth stage, hormonal induction to final oocyte maturation and ovulation was used. For this purpose, carp pituitary , HCG and LRH-A2 with different combinations were used in two stages, second injection was used 24 hours after first injection. 15 females brooders were divided in 5 groups, different hormonal combinations were injected to four groups and to fifth group as control, only saline, was injected. The process of female brooder rippening in hormonal induction was studied via masurment of sex steroids including 17 a - hydroxy progestrone, estradio1-17)6 and testosterone. Blood samples were collected from caudal vein during first injection, 24, 30 and 48 hours after the first injection. At the same time, for distinguishing histological changes the sample has been attained from the gonads Sex stroid fluctuation patterns in different brooder groups that injected hormon were similar, however hormonal composition had similar effects. All brooder that their oocyte in the beginning of hormonal injection were At the end of fourth stage with oocyte diameter average of 600 p m received to final maturation and ovulation. The brooder that its oocytes were At the begining or mid-fourth stage did not show ovulation but hormonal induction caused oocyte develop at the beginning of fifth stage. Study of 17-hydroxy progestrone fluctuation showed that the maximum level of this steroid (0.347 ng/ml) measured 30 hours after the first injection and was significantly higher (p< 0.05) than those of control group. So, 17-hydroxy progestrone is probably precursor of maturation inducing steroid (MIS). However the maximum level of that observed was coincident with germinal vesicle breakdown, oil droplets coalescence and dissolution of yolk granuls The maximum levels of esteradiol— 17/0 and testosterone (3.778 and 16.801ng/ml,respectively) in spawned brooders,were observed 24 hours after the first injection. levels of those steroids were significantly higher (p<0.05) than control group. Maximum level of sex steroids in the brooders that did not spawn to the end of treatment was observed with more delay than those in spawned brooders. Therefor maximum level of 17a-hydroxy progestrone (0.264 ng/ml) in those brooders observed in fourth sampling time and the maximum levels of estradio1-17a and testosterone (2.944 and 18.993 ng/ml, respectivly)observed in third sampling time that was significantly higher (p<0.05) than those of control group. For the study of stress effect on brooders during the hormonal induction, level of cortisol was measured in every sampling time. level of cortisol had high fluctuation that showed handling level and stress effect on brooders. However maximum level of cortisol in majority of brooders was dominant in third sampling time that was coincident with final maturation.

Studies on diversity of Hara's Laft-Khamir and Sout Beaches of the Gheshm polychaete

One of the most important marine ecologic phenomenon , is the study of animal community among the bed or benthic fauna. Macrobenthoses are the graet part of the benthic faune , that are more biomasses than meiofauna and microfauna. To study polychaetes diversity of Mangroves, located in Khoore-Khooran , sampling was conducted on a bimonthly and carried out from December 2001 to October 2002. Bottom samples were collected by Van Veen grab (0.025 m2)at 6 station from 2 transect Insitu measurement of temperature , pH , Do and salinity were done . Atotal of polychaetes werw identified within study 32 Family and 43 Genus . Cirriphormia and Nephtys were the most dominant genus in the studies . The range fomumerical abundance of polychaets was between 3006 per m2 in the station A3 to 559individual per mein the station A1 and the variation was done to different bottom , texture the variable environment conditions govrtneng the different parts of each creeks as well as within creeks . Application of diversity indices (Shannon H') on the dominant polychates assambladges has higher H' in the Azar and lower 1-1/ in the Mehr . and the stations B3 has the highest H' and the station A2 has the lowest H' Application of diversity and Richness, Evennes were studied and showed that the station A3 has the lowest evenness and the most individual , and station A1 has the middle pollution.

DNA sequence analysis of the triose phosphate isomerase gene from isolates of Giardia lamblia

Objective To confirm the genetic relation between Giardia lamblia (G. lamblia) isolates from different geographic regions of China and other countries. Methods Genomic DNA were extracted from the trophozoites or cysts of Giardia lamblia. The triose phosphate isomerase (tim) gene was amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. PCR products were digested with endonuclease and sequenced. The data of sequencing were analyzed with the DNAstar software and compared with that of the isolates acquired from GenBank. Results Of nine isolates of Giardia lamblia from China (C1, C2, CH2 and CH3), Cambodia (CAM), Australia (A1 and A2) and America (BP and CDC), respectively, 3 (A1, A2 and CAM) fit into Group 1 (WB), 2 (CH2 and CH3) into Group 2, and 4 (C1, C2, BP and CDC) into Group 3 (GS). The results confirmed the genetic relatedness of G. lamblia isolates from all over the world. Conclusion Genotyping isolates of G. Lamblia provides important information for establishing the phylogenetic relationship or for the epidemiological evaluation of the spreading of this organism.

蛋白质的二级结构和mRNA 的二级结构的相关性研究

利用置信度为95 的特征字研究了蛋白质二级结构以及其对应mRNA 二级结构, 发现 蛋白质二级结构和mRNA 二级结构有明显的相关性. 规则二级结构A2螺旋, B2折叠以及包含 有Turn 的边界明显倾向于mRNA 二级结构的茎区, 而避免出现在环区.

金属离子对湖南产五步蛇蛇毒磷脂酶A_2活性的影响

测定结果示，对湖南产五步蛇蛇毒磷脂酶Ａ２，Ｋ＋可使酶活性增加，而Ｆｅ３＋等则不同程度地抑制酶活性

制备式等电聚焦鉴定湖南产五步蛇蛇毒磷脂酶A_2的等电点及纯度

制备式等电聚焦测得湖南产五步蛇蛇毒磷脂酶Ａ２为单一的吸收峰（ＯＤ２８０），等电点为５．３２，证明了作者前报道的纯化的磷脂酶Ａ２为纯品

尖吻蝮蛇毒出血毒素DaHT-3 的红外光谱测定

　目的　观察蛇毒出血毒素结构的变化对功能的影响。　方法　利用傅利叶变换红外光谱仪对尖吻 蝮蛇毒出血毒素(DaHT23) 在溶液中酰胺I 带吸收光谱的研究, 探测了此出血毒素在溶液中的自然构象 和加入EDTA 螯合剂除去金属离子后构象的变化。　结果　此出血毒素在水溶液中的自然构象分别是: A2 螺旋为3118%、B2折叠为5611%、转角为1211%; 而在去除金属离子情况下A2螺旋和B2折叠减少, 转角 和无规卷曲增加, 即加入螯合剂后其A2螺旋、B2折叠、转角和无规卷曲分别变为11%、2614%、4612% 和 1615%。由于结构的变化, 它的出血活性和蛋白水解酶活性均被丧失。　结论　金属离子, 特别是锌离子 在维系蛇毒出血蛋白酶分子中的二级结构中起着很重要的作用。

污水处理厂中浮游生物群落DNA指纹及其与水质指标的关系

以武汉龙王嘴污水处理系统为研究对象,揭示了污水处理各阶段中浮游生物群落的DNA指纹拓扑结构,进而探索了其与浮游生物群落结构和环境理化因子的关系.首先建立了污水处理系统中浮游生物群落总DNA提取方法,然后用原核与真核特异性引物对流程(A2/O氧化沟工艺)中不同阶段的浮游生物群落总DNA进行PCR扩增,用变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)检测,并对平行水样分别进行常规理化因子和浮游生物物种的检测与鉴定.结果显示,各采样点理化因子、物种组成与浮游生物DNA指纹的统计分析结果十分吻合,厌氧、缺氧和好氧阶段间差异较小,进

厚颌鲂人工繁殖初报及胚胎发育观察

从长江支流泸州龙溪河收集野生厚颌鲂 ,直接或经驯养后进行人工繁殖 ,并对胚胎发育过程进行了描述 ,旨在为厚颌鲂资源的增殖与开发提供参考。 3次未催产的人工授精实验 1次成功 ,受精率 12 0 % ;16次催产试验共注射了 32尾雌鱼 ,平均催产率 6 2 5 % ;12次有效催产的平均受精率 6 2 1% ,孵化率 4 4 7%。每千克鱼注射 3mgPG +3ugLRH A2 ,可以获得较好的催产效果。胚胎发育过程可分为 18个时期 ,温度对发育进程具有显著的影响。

兰州北山生物结皮中陆生藻种类组成与群落结构

通过对沙井驿、刘家堡、九州台、白塔山、小牛圈沟等样点采集的生物结皮样的培养和鉴定 ,研究了兰州市北山生物结皮中陆生藻种类组成及其群落结构 .结果发现 ,该地陆生藻共计 5 3种 ,其中蓝藻 34种 ,绿藻 7种 ,硅藻10种 ,裸藻 2种 .蓝藻中以丝状种类占优势 (6 5 % ) ,绿藻中仍以球状种类居多 (5 7% ) ,但也有不少丝状个体(43% ) .黄土结皮以非洲席藻为第一优势种 ,石崖表具鞘微鞘藻占绝对优势 ,人工草丛中小球藻最丰富 ;种类数在砾质黄土中最多 (2 3) ,黄粘土中最少 (16

土壤藻生物量及其在荒漠结皮的影响因子

土壤藻生物量方法方面的不统一和操作性误差已长时间影响着土壤藻的研究进展。以沙坡头不同龄荒漠土壤为样点 ,通过直接计数、培养计数、体积换算等方法的比较分析 ,提出了土壤藻生物量相对规范的测定和计量方法——体积法 ;测定当地无灌溉人工区结皮中生物量为 5 .99～ 8.5 8mm3/g dry soil,灌溉区1 .2 8mm3/g dry soil,最高值出现在 8月份 ,最低值出现在 2月份 ;与当地小气候、土壤理化性质等 33项环境因子逐步回归显示 ,它们与当地降水量、土壤中总钾、水解氮、Fe3+ 、粗

宁夏回族自治区沙坡头地区半荒漠土壤中藻类的垂直分布

对沙坡头地区半荒漠土壤中藻类植物的垂直分布进行了为期一年多的采样、分析 ,结果发现结皮层有藻类植物 2 4种 ,蓝藻及其丝状种类的比例最大 ;结皮下 0～ 5 0 mm和 5 0～ 1 0 0 mm层次分别有 1 5种、1 0种 ,且都以硅藻及单细胞种类最丰富 ;深层次出现的种类在浅层次都出现 ;1 0 0 mm以下层次没有任何藻种发现。生物量从表及里随深度的增加而锐减 ,99%的分布在结皮层 ;就结皮层中 78%的在 0～ 0 .1 mm层次 ,96%在 0～ 1 .0 mm深度。种类数变化在结皮层和结