780 resultados para 956.94054


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Extensive investigations of sedimentary barium were performed in the southern South Atlantic in order to assess the reliability of the barium signal in Antarctic sediments as a proxy for paleoproductivity. Maximum accumulation rates of excess barium were calculated for the Antarctic zone south of the polar front where silica accumulates at high rates. The correspondence between barium and opal supports the applicability of barium as a proxy for productivity. Within the Antarctic zone north of today's average sea ice maximum, interglacial vertical rain rates of excess barium are high, with a maximum occurring during the last deglaciation and early Holocene and during oxygen isotope chronozone 5.5. During these periods, the maximum silica accumulation was supposedly located south of the polar front. Glacial paleoproductivity, instead, was low within the Antarctic zone. North of the polar front, significantly higher barium accumulation occurs during glacial times. The vertical rain rates, however, are as high as in the glacial Antarctic zone. Therefore there was no evidence for an increased productivity in the glacial Southern Ocean.

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Introducción: El dolor está considerado como un grave problema en el entorno residencial afectando entre un 49 y un 83% de los residentes. El proceso evolutivo de la enfermedad de Alzheimer puede conllevar dificultades de comunicación y comprensión de las escalas de evaluación de dolor, dificultando su evaluación y tratamiento. El objetivo principal de este estudio fue validar la versión espa˜nola del PAINAD (PAINAD-Sp) y evaluar su aplicabilidad en un Centro Gerontológico en Espa˜na. Material y métodos: Veinte usuarias diagnosticadas de demencia avanzada fueron observadas por 5 observadores con diferentes perfiles profesionales durante 5 min en 3 condiciones: reposo, durante actividad agradable y en situación de dolor. La PAINAD-Sp fue administrada simultáneamente a una escala analógica visual. Resultados: Los resultados muestran que el alfa de Cronbach se encontraba entre 0,467 y 0,827 (con una media de 0,692, que subía si el ítem de respiración se eliminaba). La fiabilidad interjueces variaba entre 0,587 y 0,956. La correlación entre la medida total en PAINAD-Sp y en una Escala Visual Analógica fue estadísticamente significativa (p < 0,05) en todas las medidas y variaba entre 0,517 y 0,868. Conclusiones: Los resultados del estudio muestran que la escala PAINAD-Sp es eficaz para medir el dolor en personas con demencia sin capacidad de comunicación. Esta escala puede ser usada por diferentes profesionales de la salud con poco entrenamiento y presenta una buena fiabilidad.

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En los últimos años en América Latina, y también a nivel mundial, el acceso de la población a las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC) ha cobrado gran masividad, expandiéndose de forma heterogénea entre los distintos sectores de la sociedad, y adquiriendo relevancia en el campo de la investigación social. En varios países de la región los Estados nacionales han impulsado la implementación de planes masivos de alfabetización digital (como el Plan Ceibal en Uruguay, el Prouca en Brasil, el Plan Conectar Igualdad en la Argentina y otros). Así, tanto desde agencias estatales, organismos internacionales y regionales (CEPAL, OIT, OSILAC), como desde el campo académico, se han producido distintas perspectivas e interpretaciones sobre el desarrollo de las TIC. Sin desconocer los aportes de las perspectivas centradas en el estudio del acceso y de las brechas digitales, en esta ponencia nos enfocaremos en los procesos de apropiación de las TIC. Al respecto, presentaremos las conclusiones preliminares de una investigación en curso acerca de las experiencias de apropiación, los usos y prácticas que despliegan jóvenes de sectores populares y sectores medios - alto urbanos del Gran La Plata en su vida cotidiana en relación a las TIC

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En los últimos años en América Latina, y también a nivel mundial, el acceso de la población a las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC) ha cobrado gran masividad, expandiéndose de forma heterogénea entre los distintos sectores de la sociedad, y adquiriendo relevancia en el campo de la investigación social. En varios países de la región los Estados nacionales han impulsado la implementación de planes masivos de alfabetización digital (como el Plan Ceibal en Uruguay, el Prouca en Brasil, el Plan Conectar Igualdad en la Argentina y otros). Así, tanto desde agencias estatales, organismos internacionales y regionales (CEPAL, OIT, OSILAC), como desde el campo académico, se han producido distintas perspectivas e interpretaciones sobre el desarrollo de las TIC. Sin desconocer los aportes de las perspectivas centradas en el estudio del acceso y de las brechas digitales, en esta ponencia nos enfocaremos en los procesos de apropiación de las TIC. Al respecto, presentaremos las conclusiones preliminares de una investigación en curso acerca de las experiencias de apropiación, los usos y prácticas que despliegan jóvenes de sectores populares y sectores medios - alto urbanos del Gran La Plata en su vida cotidiana en relación a las TIC

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En los últimos años en América Latina, y también a nivel mundial, el acceso de la población a las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC) ha cobrado gran masividad, expandiéndose de forma heterogénea entre los distintos sectores de la sociedad, y adquiriendo relevancia en el campo de la investigación social. En varios países de la región los Estados nacionales han impulsado la implementación de planes masivos de alfabetización digital (como el Plan Ceibal en Uruguay, el Prouca en Brasil, el Plan Conectar Igualdad en la Argentina y otros). Así, tanto desde agencias estatales, organismos internacionales y regionales (CEPAL, OIT, OSILAC), como desde el campo académico, se han producido distintas perspectivas e interpretaciones sobre el desarrollo de las TIC. Sin desconocer los aportes de las perspectivas centradas en el estudio del acceso y de las brechas digitales, en esta ponencia nos enfocaremos en los procesos de apropiación de las TIC. Al respecto, presentaremos las conclusiones preliminares de una investigación en curso acerca de las experiencias de apropiación, los usos y prácticas que despliegan jóvenes de sectores populares y sectores medios - alto urbanos del Gran La Plata en su vida cotidiana en relación a las TIC

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The chemical composition of surface associated metabolites of two Fucus species (Fucus vesiculosus and Fucus serratus) was analysed by means of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to describe temporal patterns in chemical surface composition. Method: The two perennial brown macroalgae F. vesiculosus and F. serratus were sampled monthly at Bülk, outer Kiel Fjord, Germany (54°27'21 N / 10°11'57 E) over an entire year (August 2012 - July 2013). Per month and species six non-fertile Fucus individuals were collected from mixed stands at a depth of 0.5 m under mid water level. For surface extraction approx. 50 g of the upper 5-10 cm apical thalli tips were cut off per species. The surface extraction of Fucus was performed according to the protocol of de Nys and co-workers (1998) with minor modifications (see Rickert et al. 2015). GC/EI-MS measurements were performed with a Waters GCT premier (Waters, Manchester, UK) coupled to an Agilent 6890N GC equipped with a DB-5 ms 30 m column (0.25 mm internal diameter, 0.25 mM film thickness, Agilent, USA). The inlet temperature was maintained at 250°C and samples were injected in split 10 mode. He carrier gas flow was adjusted to 1 ml min-1. Alkanes were used for referencing of retention times. For further details (GC-MS sample preparation and analysis) see the related publication (Rickert et al. submitted to PLOS ONE).

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Surface samples, mostly from abyssal sediments of the South Atlantic, from parts of the equatorial Atlantic, and of the Antarctic Ocean, were investigated for clay content and clay mineral composition. Maps of relative clay mineral content were compiled, which improve previous maps by showing more details, especially at high latitudes. Large-scale relations regarding the origin and transport paths of detrital clay are revealed. High smectite concentrations are observed in abyssal regions, primarily derived from southernmost South America and from minor sources in Southwest Africa. Near submarine volcanoes of the Antarctic Ocean (South Sandwich, Bouvet Island) smectite contents exhibit distinct maxima, which is ascribed to the weathering of altered basalts and volcanic glasses. The illite distribution can be subdivided into five major zones including two maxima revealing both South African and Antarctic sources. A particularly high amount of Mg- and Fe-rich illites are observed close to East Antarctica. They are derived from biotite-bearing crystalline rocks and transported to the west by the East Antarctic Coastal Current. Chiorite and well-crystallized dioctaedral illite are typical minerals enriched within the Subantarctic and Polarfrontal-Zone but of minor importance off East Antarctica. Kaolinite dominates the clay mineral assemblage at low latitudes, where the continental source rocks (West Africa, Brazil) are mainly affected by intensive chemical weathering. Surprisingly, a slight increase of kaolinite is observed in the Enderby Basin and near the Filchner-Ronne Ice shelf. The investigated area can be subdivided into ten, large-scale clay facies zones with characteristic possible source regions and transport paths. Clay mineral assemblages of the largest part of the South Atlantic, especially of the western basins are dominated by chlorite and illite derived from the Antarctic Peninsula and southernmost South America and supported by advection within the Circumantarctic Deep Water flow. In contrast, the East Antarctic provinces are relatively small. Assemblages of the eastern basins north of 30°S are strongly influenced by African sources, controlled by weathering regimes on land and by a complex interaction of wind, river and deep ocean transport. The strong gradient in clay mineral composition at the Brazilian slope indicate a relatively low contribution of tropically derived assemblages to the western basins.

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Using satellite radar interferometry observations of Greenland, we detected widespread glacier acceleration below 66° north between 1996 and 2000, which rapidly expanded to 70° north in 2005. Accelerated ice discharge in the west and particularly in the east doubled the ice sheet mass deficit in the last decade from 90 to 220 cubic kilometers per year. As more glaciers accelerate farther north, the contribution of Greenland to sea-level rise will continue to increase.

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The occurrence of hand grindstones at the Cogotas I archaeological sites is considered to be a common feature. Given that a distant-provenance raw material is frequently involved, determination of its source is a basic factor in the search for a better understanding of resource management and for any Political Economy approach. To progress in these directions an overall study should be planned, using selected grindstones with a view to covering diverse sub-zones of the Cogotas I dispersal area, especially because of its considerable distance from the granite basement source. Such a study may today includes diverse analytical procedures combining successive geographic, petrographic, mineralogical and geochemical criteria. To check the plausibility of the proposed methodology, a preliminary test has been carried out on two granite grindstones, obtained at the archaeological excavation at the Castronuño (Valladolid) Cogotian site, which is fifty km away from an inferred source area that was presumably located at Peñausende (Zamora). The result obtained validates the proposed operational process, yielding a generalizable knowledge to other similar situations.

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AIMS: Our aims were to evaluate the distribution of troponin I concentrations in population cohorts across Europe, to characterize the association with cardiovascular outcomes, to determine the predictive value beyond the variables used in the ESC SCORE, to test a potentially clinically relevant cut-off value, and to evaluate the improved eligibility for statin therapy based on elevated troponin I concentrations retrospectively.

METHODS AND RESULTS: Based on the Biomarkers for Cardiovascular Risk Assessment in Europe (BiomarCaRE) project, we analysed individual level data from 10 prospective population-based studies including 74 738 participants. We investigated the value of adding troponin I levels to conventional risk factors for prediction of cardiovascular disease by calculating measures of discrimination (C-index) and net reclassification improvement (NRI). We further tested the clinical implication of statin therapy based on troponin concentration in 12 956 individuals free of cardiovascular disease in the JUPITER study. Troponin I remained an independent predictor with a hazard ratio of 1.37 for cardiovascular mortality, 1.23 for cardiovascular disease, and 1.24 for total mortality. The addition of troponin I information to a prognostic model for cardiovascular death constructed of ESC SCORE variables increased the C-index discrimination measure by 0.007 and yielded an NRI of 0.048, whereas the addition to prognostic models for cardiovascular disease and total mortality led to lesser C-index discrimination and NRI increment. In individuals above 6 ng/L of troponin I, a concentration near the upper quintile in BiomarCaRE (5.9 ng/L) and JUPITER (5.8 ng/L), rosuvastatin therapy resulted in higher absolute risk reduction compared with individuals <6 ng/L of troponin I, whereas the relative risk reduction was similar.

CONCLUSION: In individuals free of cardiovascular disease, the addition of troponin I to variables of established risk score improves prediction of cardiovascular death and cardiovascular disease.

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