773 resultados para 853


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Mode of access: Internet.

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Las h. de grab. son xil. y litogr.

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Mode of access: Internet.

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Translated by Gottfried Wilhelm Becker.

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Issued also as House doc. 853, 64th Cong., 1st sess.

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Issued also as House doc. 853, 64th Cong., 1st sess.

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Includes index.

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Incessant ovulation is thought to be one of the primary causes of epithelial ovarian cancer. However, the effects of ovulation at different ages and of the various exposures or events that suppress ovulation have not been established. We used data from an Australian case-control study of 791 ovarian cancer cases and 853 controls to examine the effect of ovulation on ovarian cancer risk. The total number of lifetime ovulations was calculated using information provided in a monthly contraceptive/reproductive calendar, as well as incorporating other information such as average menstrual cycle length. An increase of I year's worth of ovulation was associated with a 6% increase in risk of ovarian cancer (95% confidence interval [CI] = 4-8%). Ovulations in the 20-29-year age group were associated with the greatest risk, with a 20% increase in risk associated with each year of ovulation during this age period (95% Cl = 13-26%). When the effects of different exposures that suppress ovulation were compared, there was an indication that some factors may have a greater effect than others. These findings support the theory that incessant ovulation is a major contributor to the occurrence of ovarian cancer and suggest that ovulations during the 20s may be those most associated with disease risk. (C) 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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Verapamil inhibits tri-iodothyronine (T-3) efflux from several cell types, suggesting the involvement of multidrug resistance-associated (MDR) proteins in T-3 transport. The direct involvement of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) has not, however, been investigated. We compared the transport of I-125-T-3 in MDCKII cells that had been transfected with mdr1 cDNA (MDCKII-MDR) versus wild-type MDCKII cells (MDCKII), and examined the effect of conventional (verapamil and nitrendipine) and specific MDR inhibitors (VX 853 and VX 710) on I-125-T-3 efflux. We confirmed by Western blotting the enhanced expression of P-gp in MDCKII-MDR cells. The calculated rate of I-125-T-3 efflux from MDCKII-MDR cells (around 0.30/min) was increased twofold compared with MDCKII cells (around 0.15/min). Overall, cellular accumulation of I-125-T-3 was reduced by 26% in MDCKII-MDR cells compared with MDCKII cells, probably reflecting enhanced export of T-3 from MDCKII-MDR cells rather than reduced cellular uptake, as P-gp typically exports substances from cells. Verapamil lowered the rate of I-125-T-3 efflux from both MDCKII and MDCKII-MDR cells by 42% and 66% respectively, while nitrendipine reduced I-125-T-3 efflux rate by 36% and 48% respectively, suggesting that both substances inhibited other cellular T-3 transporters in addition to P-gp. The specific MDR inhibitors VX 853 and VX 710 had no effect of I-125-T-3 efflux rate from wild-type MDCKII cells but reduced I-125-T-3 export in MDCKII-MDR cells by 50% and 53% respectively. These results have provided the first direct evidence that P-gp exports thyroid hormone from cells.

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The major changes of the transition to adulthood are argued to be stressful, and health-related behaviors such as smoking and physical activity may be adopted, consolidated, or abandoned at this time. On the other hand, research has suggested that the normative transitions of emerging adulthood, although involving considerable change, may be associated with low stress because they are perceived as both positive and normal at this life stage. This article examines relations between the timing and sequencing of life transitions and stress and health-related behaviors, focusing on the transition to young adulthood among Australian women. A total of 853 women aged 22 to 27 provided information about the timing and sequencing of 6 life transitions: moving out of home, stopping full-time education, starting full-time work, having the first live-in relationship, marriage, and motherhood-and stress, smoking, and physical activity. Most had moved out of home, stopped full-time education, and started full-time work, but only 14% had undertaken all 6 transitions. Overall, 70% of participants had made transitions in order Overall, the findings suggest that the relations between timing and sequencing of transitions, and indicators of health, are moderate for smoking, but small for stress and for physical activity. These effects remained after controlling for socioeconomic status of the participants' families of origin. Matching current social norms for the timing and sequencing of life changes may be of less importance for women's well-being than is commonly believed. Although the significant relations between early or out of order transitions and smoking are of concern, the smaller relations with stress and with sedentariness suggest that such transitions may have limited negative consequences, and support the view that individuals are active in choosing the life path that is appropriate for them and their circumstances.

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Esta pesquisa estuda o fenômeno crise de identidade do jornalista e do Jornalismo motivada pelas mudanças conjunturais oferecidas e impostas a esta área, em sua trajetória brasileira, de variadas formas e em diversos momentos. A evolução da sociedade e dos meios, as inovações técnicas e tecnológicas, a necessidade de formação, bem como os ataques à exigência do diploma e o cancelamento deste em nome do direito ao livre pensamento, entre outros. Por conta disso, busca-se a compreensão do indivíduo jornalista e da construção de sua identidade, bem como da sustentação de sua imagem, aspectos que ajudam a perceber sua importância na tessitura social. O esforço em localizar elementos da identidade e do status desse profissional considerou a análise de discursos de vários autores, no traçado que vai da década de 50 à contemporaneidade (ano de 2005). Para tanto recorreu-se às seguintes ferramentas: o aporte teórico relacionado à vontade de potência sugerida por Friedrich Nietzsche e a Ação Comunicativa de Jürgen Habermas. Do primeiro, adotou-se um modelo híbrido relacionando unidades-temáticas e sentidos de valor; do segundo procurou-se a interface do diálogo mantido por meio de parâmetros normativos, de vivência, e da memória armazenada pelos jornalistas no decorrer do tempo. Os resultados obtidos mostram, nas três fases adotadas, (décs. 50-60, 70-80, e 90-05) a recorrência aos valores ligados à liberdade e à ética, em variadas proporções e intensidades. A questão técnica foi praticamente deixada de lado, parecendo ter sido assimilada, ao passo que as relacionadas à formação foram acionadas esporadicamente. Também percebe-se em variados momentos e de variadas formas, os ataques ao jornalista, geralmente desqualificando-o ou colocando-o sob suspeita. Por outro lado, em todos, os casos os jornalistas procuram defender-se sempre mobilizando recursos, que na maioria das vezes deixam abertas as possibilidades ao diálogo, assim como tentam recuperar sua importância mostrando seus valores por meio da capacidade que possuem de representar a sociedade.(AU)

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This paper expands research into self-service technology in the service encounter. Self-service technology is where customers deliver service themselves using some form of a technological interface. There is still a great deal unknown about self-service technology, in particular its impact on consumer satisfaction and consumer commitment. With that in mind, this empirical study explores the relative impact of self-service technology on consumer satisfaction and on a multidimensional measure of consumer commitment containing affective commitment, temporal commitment and instrumental commitment. The results reveal that in a hotel context personal service still remains very important for assessments of satisfaction, and affective and temporal commitment. What is particularly interesting is that self-service technology, while impacting these constructs, also impacts instrumental commitment. This suggests that positive evaluations of self-service technology may tie consumers into relationships with hotels. A discussion and implications for managers are provided on these and other results, and the paper is concluded with further potential research.

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Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to conceptualize e-business adoption and to generate understanding of the range of factors affecting the adoption process. The paper also aims at exploring the perceived impact of e-business adoption on logistics-related processes. Design/methodology/approach: Case study research, by conducting in-depth interviews in eight companies. Findings: E-business adoption is not exclusively a matter of resources. Increased e-business adoption and impact are caused by increased operational compatibility, as well as increased levels of collaboration. In terms of e-business impact this mainly refers to cycle time reductions and quality improvements, rather than direct cost reductions as reported by other authors. Research limitations/implications: The intrinsic weakness of the research method and the way concepts are operationalized limits the ability to generalize findings. Practical implications: Managers should emphasize developing their relationships with theirsuppliers/customers, in an effort to do common e-business investments, and should aim to increase their partners' commitment to the use of these applications. Originality/value: This paper provides empirical evidence from a sector where limited research efforts have taken place. Explanations can be helpful to other researchers involved in the understanding of the adoption of e-business and its impact. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.