噬菌体呈现技术筛选抗黑色素瘤单链抗体

目的 :制备黑色素瘤单抗的单链可变区片段 ,用于肿瘤的诊断或靶向治疗。方法 :从杂交瘤细胞提取总RNA,分别扩增出轻重链可变区基因(variableregionofheavychain,VH和variableregionoflightchain,VLDNA) ,连接形成单链抗体 (singlechainfragmentvariableregion,ScFv)DNA,将ScFv与载体pCANTAB5E的连接产物转化大肠杆菌TG1 ,经M13K07超感染后 ,获得噬菌体抗体ScFvcDNA文库 ,用黑色素瘤细胞LiBr对重组的噬菌体抗体进行3轮吸附 -洗脱 -扩增亲和筛选后 ,随机挑选克隆经ELISA筛选鉴定。结果:VH、VL和ScFv分别约为360、330、750bp,从随机筛检的30个克隆中获得10个高亲和性噬菌体呈现型ScFv单克隆。结论:用噬菌体呈现技术制备的黑色素瘤ScFv ,可为肿瘤的诊断和靶向治疗奠定基础

土壤抑真菌作用与细菌群落结构的关系

自然清洁土壤所具有的抑真菌作用,是健康土壤的一种自然属性,也是土壤质量的重要指标之一,对控制农作物土传病原真菌的爆发具有积极的生态学意义.本试验以中国科学院沈阳生态实验站近10年未受农药和肥料影响的撂荒地土壤作为自然清洁土壤样品,通过高温(对照、100℃、110℃、121℃)处理得到具有不同抑真菌作用的土壤模型,采用PCR-DGGE(变性梯度凝胶电泳)方法对上述土壤样品的细菌群落结构进行分析.结果表明:土壤抑真菌作用与土壤细菌群落结构紧密相关;对照清洁土壤抑真菌作用最强,处理后土壤细菌群落结构偏离自然清洁土壤愈远,土壤抑真菌能力愈差;DGGE特异性条带切胶测序结果表明,Sphingomonas asaccharolytica、Nitrospira sp.、Hyphomicrobiaceae sp.、Bacillus megaterium和Micro-coccus sp.可能与土壤抑真菌作用密切相关.

中国东北植被生态学研究中的焦点问题

中国东北植被经过半个多世纪的系统研究 ,但有关植被生态学一些争论性问题尚未统一 .本文仅就作者近年来研究工作涉及到的内容和关注的问题 ,提出一些看法 :1)中国东北植被地带性分布规律可用Kira的温暖指数 (WI)、寒冷指数 (CI)和作者的湿度指数 (HI)进行定量解释 .2 )大兴安岭北部山地 ,在海拔14 0 0m以上存在冻原植被 ,是作者于 196 3年首次发现的我国第三块冻原植被 ,其WI <15℃·月 .3)大小兴安岭植被分界线是我国植被区划中第一级分区界线 ,其位置在爱辉 -果松沟 -嫩江以南附近 ,WI为 4 5℃·月 .4 )大兴安岭植被地带性分异显著 ,南段、中段为典型草原地带和森林草原地带 ,北段为针叶林地带 ,HI值分别为 3 5～ 5 5、5 5～ 7 5、>7 5mm/℃·月 .大兴安岭东麓阔叶林是森林草原带上的森林植被类型 .5 )东北东部山地岳桦林是山地植被垂直带谱重要组成部分之一 ,是山地森林垂直分布林线 ,WI为 2 0～ 15℃·月为地带性植被类型 ,而WI>2 0℃·月为非地带性植被类型 .6 )内蒙古浑善达克沙地云杉林是陆地上非常罕见的森林生态系统类型 ,但这种云杉林究竟是哪一树种组成 ,在中国植物分类上一直是个争论性问题 ,作者通过核型分析和同工酶实验进一步证明是一个新种即沙地云杉Piceamongolica(H .Q .Wu)W .D .

卡通化图像和视频的毛发纹理生成与替换

低成本卡通制作中的图像和视频通常缺乏对动物角色毛发效果的表现,为了能对已有图像及视频中的动物角色进行处理,为其增添具备真实感的毛发效果,提出一种毛发风格化算法——卡通化毛发纹理算法.针对卡通中的动物角色合成毛发纹理并进行替换,分为图像应用及视频应用2个部分.在图像替换时,对要进行风格化处理的目标区域进行图像结构分析,以获取覆盖目标区域的三角网格,再生成毛发纹元并映射于网格之上,通过绘制纹元来生成具备真实感的毛发效果;在进行视频替换时,提取视频关键帧并基于图像应用算法生成相应的卡通化毛发纹理进行图像替换,之后根据关键帧的替换结果指导整个视频的替换.为了获取随时间变化的图像关键帧目标区域,采用SIFT算法计算特征点在时间轴上的匹配;为了快速合成卡通化毛发纹理,采用基于GPU的光线行进算法加速毛发纹元的体绘制过程.实验结果表明,文中算法可成功地对已有图像及视频的动物角色添加具备真实感的毛发效果.

典型农区秸秆资源利用及其影响因素探析

简析了安徽省蒙城县和吉林省德惠市典型农区秸秆资源利用现状以及影响秸秆资源利用率的因素,并提出进一步提高秸秆利用效率的途径。

Crystal structure and charge transfer energy of the vaterite-type orthoborate YBO3:Eu

Ligand-to-metal charge transfer energies of YBO3:Eu have been investigated from the chemical bond viewpoint. The chemical bond parameters, such as the covalency, the polarizability of the chemical bond volume, and the presented charge of the ligands in the chemical bond have been quantitatively determined based on the dielectric theory of complex crystal. We calculated the environmental factor (h(e)), which is the major factor influencing the charge transfer energy in the compounds. The calculated results show that the suitable group space of YBO3 is C2/c. The method provides us with a supplementary tool to judge the proper structure when the structure of the crystal has many uncertain space groups.

Hot-corrosion behaviors of overlay-clad yttria-stabilized zirconia coatings in contact with vanadate-sulfate salts

A dense clad overlay with chemical inertness was achieved on top of the plasma-sprayed YSZ thermal barrier coatings by laser in order to protect them from hot-corrosion attack. The Al2O3-clad YSZ coating exhibited good hot-corrosion behavior in contact with salt mixture of vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) and sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) for a longtime of 100 h at 1173 K. The LaPO4-clad YSZ coating showed corrosion resistance inferior to the Al2O3-clad one. Yttria was leached from YSZ by reaction between Y2O3 and V2O5, which caused progressive destabilization transformation of YSZ from tetragonal (t) to monoclinic (m) phase. The chemical inertness of the clad layers and the restrained infiltration of the molten corrosive salts by the dense clad layers were primary contributions to improvement of the hot-corrosion resistances.

High-sensitivity determination of lead and cadmium based on the Nafion-graphene composite film

Graphene nanosheets, dispersed in Nafion (Nafion-G) solution, were used in combination with in situ plated bismuth film electrode for fabricating the enhanced electrochemical sensing platform to determine the lead (Pb2+) and cadmium (Cd2+) by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV). The electrochemical properties of the composite film modified glassy carbon electrode were investigated. It is found that the prepared Nafion-G composite film not only exhibited improved sensitivity for the metal ion detections, but also alleviated the interferences due to the synergistic effect of graphene nanosheets and Nafion. The linear calibration curves ranged from 0.5 mu g L-1 to 50 mu g L-1 for Pb2+ and 1.5 mu g L-1 to 30 mu g L-1 for Cd2+. respectively. The detection limits (S/N = 3) were estimated to be around 0.02 mu g L-1 for Pb2+ and Cd2+. The practical application of the proposed method was verified in the water sample determination.

Feasibility of biodegradable PLGA common bile duct stents: An in vitro and in vivo study

The current study investigates the feasibility of using a biodegradable polymeric stent in common bile duct (CBD) repair and reconstruction. Here, poly(l-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA, molar ratio LA/GA = 80/20) was processed into a circular tube- and dumbbell-shaped specimens to determine the in vitro degradation behavior in bile. The morphology, weight loss, and molecular weight changes were then investigated in conjunction with evaluations of the mechanical properties of the specimen. Circular tube-shaped PLGA stents with X-ray opacity were subsequently used in common bile duct exploration (CBDE) and primary suturing in canine models. Next, X-ray images of CBD stents in vivo were compared and levels of serum liver enzymes and a histological analysis were conducted after stent transplantation. The results showed that the PLGA stents exhibited the required biomedical properties and spontaneously disappeared from CBDs in 4-5 weeks. The degradation period and function match the requirements in repair and reconstruction of CBDs to support the duct, guide bile drainage, and reduce T-tube-related complications.

Kinetic study of DNA/DNA hybridization with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

The hybridization of immobilized oligonucleotides probe strands with solution phase targets is the underlying principle of microarraybased techniques for the analysis of DNA variation. To study the kinetics of DNA/DNA hybridization, target DNA is often prior labeled with markers. A label-free method of electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) for study the hybridization in process was reported. The Langmuir model was used to determine the association rate constant (K-on), the dissociation rate constant (K-off) and the affinity rate constant (K-A), for perfect matched DNA hybridization. The results show that, EIS is a successful technique possessing high effectivity and sensitivity to study DNA/DNA hybridization kinetics. This work can provide another view on EIS for the studying of DNA/DNA hybridization.

Long lasting phosphorescence in Eu3+ and Ce3+ co-doped strontium borate glasses

Long lasting phosphorescence (LLP) was observed in Eu2+, Ce3+ co-doped strontium borate glasses prepared under the reducing atmosphere due to the emission of both Eu2+ and Ce3+. The methods of photoluminescence, thermoluminescence and phosphorescence were used to study the samples, and possible mechanism was suggested. The co-doping of Ce3+ ions poisoned the phosphorescence emission of Eu2+ because of the competition to obtain the trapped electron. The phosphorescence of Ce3+ in the sample decays more quickly than that of Eu2+, which is suggested for the reason that the emission energy of Ce3+ is higher or the distance between Ce3+ and electron traps of the glasses is longer.