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1805/05/20.

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1805/05/18.

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1800/04/26.

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1801/05/03.

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1800/04/27.

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1801/05/04.

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1801/05/02.

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1805/05/16.

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1800/04/24.

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1805/05/17.

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1800/04/25.

Journal des débats et des décrets

1805/05/14.

Análise morfológica de Sagittaria montevidensis desenvolvida em diferentes condições de inundação

O cultivo de arroz irrigado em sistema pré-germinado tem permitido o desenvolvimento de plantas daninhas aquáticas, como as da espécie Sagittaria montevidensis (sagitária), a qual desenvolveu biótipos resistentes a herbicidas inibidores de ALS, no Estado de Santa Catarina. No presente trabalho, objetivou-se examinar as respostas morfológicas de sagitária quanto à variação da lâmina d'água, crescendo sob condições ambientais controladas. Os tratamentos foram representados pelas seguintes condições de inundação: solo saturado, 5, 10 e 20 cm de submersão, em delineamento experimental completamente casualizado, com cinco repetições. A presença de lâmina d'água favoreceu a germinação das sementes de sagitária. O aumento da profundidade de submersão incrementou a estatura da planta por meio do alongamento dos pecíolos das folhas espatuladas e sagitadas. Variação na profundidade da lâmina d'água não modificou o número de plantas, a massa seca, o número de folhas e de raízes, o tamanho da folha linear, o tamanho da lâmina foliar espatulada e sagitada e do escapo floral das plantas de S. montevidensis. As folhas de sagitária de mesmo tipo morfológico, quando desenvolvidas nas profundidades de água testadas, não diferiram histologicamente.

Chrysoperla externa (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) and Utetheisa ornatrix (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) on organically grown Crotalaria juncea (Fabaceae)

Chrysoperla externa (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) larvae can avoid foraging on plants of Crotalaria juncea (Fabaceae) after the issuance of floral buds, when the prey of Utetheisa ornatrix (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) incorporate toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids from this plant. This reduces the predation and favors increasing the number of adults and eggs of this defoliator on crops of this plant. The aim of the present paper was to evaluate some biological and ecological aspects of C. externa and U. ornatrix on the organic crop of C. juncea in the EMBRAPA Maize and Sorghum in Sete Lagoas, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Chrysoperla externa and U. ornatrix were more abundant in the vegetative and flowering stages of C. juncea, respectively, with caterpillars of this defoliator feeding on leaves and seeds of this plant. The duration of the stages/instars, survival, lifetime fecundity, and oviposition showed that the branches of C. juncea are a suitable food for U. ornatrix. The abundance of adults and larvae of C. externa was lower in the flowering and pods stages of C. juncea, respectively, when the postures of U. ornatrix are present, probably due to the toxicity of the eggs of this prey to this predator. During these stages, C. externa may be reared with alternative hosts, and when the crops of C. juncea are scarce, an artificial diet should be used for rearing this defoliator in the laboratory for biological research and the development of biological control tactics.

Glyphosate translocation in herbicide tolerant plants

The objective of this study was to evaluate glyphosate translocation in glyphosate-tolerant weed species (I. nil, T. procumbens and S. latifolia) compared to glyphosate-susceptible species (B. pilosa). The evaluations of 14C-glyphosate absorption and translocation were performed at 6, 12, 36 and 72 hours after treatment (HAT) in I. nil and B. pilosa, and only at 72 HAT in the species T. procumbens and S. latifolia. The plants were collected and fractionated into application leaf, other leaves, stems, and roots. In S. latifolia, approximately 88% of the glyphosate remained in the application leaf and a small amount was translocated to roots at 72 HAT. However, 75% of the herbicide applied on T. procumbens remained in the leaf that had received the treatment, with greater glyphosate translocation to the floral bud. It was concluded that the smaller amount of glyphosate observed in S. latifolia and T. procumbens may partly account for their higher tolerance to glyphosate. However, I. nil tolerance to glyphosate may be associated with other factors such as metabolization, root exudation or compartmentalization, because a large amount of the herbicide reached the roots of this species.