Virtual Cilicia Project. How to use Google Earth as a visualization environment in an archaeological context

Over the past few years, archaeology has experienced a rapid development in geophysical prospection and remote sensing techniques. At the same time, the focus of archaeological research has shifted to landscape evelopment and human interaction. To impart the results, new methods and techniques are necessary. Virtual globes such as Google Earth offer fascinating methods of giving interested amateurs the possibility to interactively explore ancient cities and landscapes. Thanks to the increasing usage of GIS in cultural heritage, the implementation of interactive three dimensional learning opportunities becomes less and less tedious, but the non-linear narrative story telling medium demands for a special adaption of the content. This paper summarizes the experience gained during the realization of the “Virtual Cilicia Project” and outlines the future potential of virtual globes in the field of cultural heritage.

Learner preferences regarding integrating, sequencing and aligning virtual patients with other activities in the undergraduate medical curriculum: A focus group study

CONTEXT: E-learning resources, such as virtual patients (VPs), can be more effective when they are integrated in the curriculum. To gain insights that can inform guidelines for the curricular integration of VPs, we explored students' perceptions of scenarios with integrated and non-integrated VPs aimed at promoting clinical reasoning skills. METHODS: During their paediatric clerkship, 116 fifth-year medical students were given at least ten VPs embedded in eight integrated scenarios and as non-integrated add-ons. The scenarios differed in the sequencing and alignment of VPs and related educational activities, tutor involvement, number of VPs, relevance to assessment and involvement of real patients. We sought students' perceptions on the VP scenarios in focus group interviews with eight groups of 4-7 randomly selected students (n = 39). The interviews were recorded, transcribed and analysed qualitatively. RESULTS: The analysis resulted in six themes reflecting students' perceptions of important features for effective curricular integration of VPs: (i) continuous and stable online access, (ii) increasing complexity, adapted to students' knowledge, (iii) VP-related workload offset by elimination of other activities, (iv) optimal sequencing (e.g.: lecture--1 to 2 VP(s)--tutor-led small group discussion--real patient) and (V) optimal alignment of VPs and educational activities, (vi) inclusion of VP topics in assessment. CONCLUSIONS: The themes appear to offer starting points for the development of a framework to guide the curricular integration of VPs. Their impact needs to be confirmed by studies using quantitative controlled designs.

An Innovative Approach to Impacting Student Academic Achievement and Attitudes: Pilot Study of the HEADS UP Virtual Molecular Biology Lab

Introduction: The Virtual Molecular Biology Lab is an innovative, computer-based educational program designed to teach advanced high school biology students how to create a transgenic mouse model in a simulated laboratory setting. It was created in an effort to combat the current decrease in adolescent enthusiasm for and academic achievement in science and science careers, especially in Hispanic students. Because studies have found that hands-on learning, particularly computer-based instruction, is effective in enhancing science achievement, the Virtual Lab is a potential tool for increasing the number of Hispanic students that choose to enter science fields. [See PDF for complete abstract]

Using virtual reality to teach special populations how to cope in crisis: the case of a virtual earthquake

The unique characteristics of special populations such as pre-school children and Down syndrome kids in crisis and their distorted self-image were never studied before, because of the difficulty of crisis reproduction. This study proposes a VR setting that tries to model some special population's behaviour in the time of crises and offers them a training scenario. The sample population consisted of 30 pre-school children and 20 children with Down syndrome. The VR setting involved a high-speed PC, a VPL EyePhone 1, a MR toolkit, a vibrations plate, a motion capture system and other sensors. The system measured and modelled the typical behaviour of these special populations in a Virtual Earthquake scenario with sight and sound and calculated a VR anthropomorphic model that reproduced their behaviour and emotional state. Afterwards one group received an emotionally enhanced VR self-image as feedback for their training, one group received a plain VR self-image and another group received verbal instructions. The findings strongly suggest that the training was a lot more biased by the emotionally enhanced VR self-image than the other approaches. These findings could highlight the special role of the self-image to therapy and training and the interesting role of imagination to emotions, motives and learning. Further studies could be done with various scenarios in order to measure the best-biased behaviour and establish the most natural and affective VR model. This presentation is going to highlight the main findings and some theories behind them.

Characterization of the interactions between two sites of plasticity engaged during eyelid conditioning

Here, we investigate the involvement of two sites of plasticity in the learning and expression of a simple associative motor behavior—the classically conditioned eyelid response. While previous studies clearly demonstrate that lesions of the anterior interpositus nucleus of the cerebellum abolish learned responses and prevent subsequent learning, studies investigating the effects of lesions of the cerebellar cortex on learning and retention have produced discrepant results. We complement ablative lesion studies of the cortex with the use of reversible, pharmacological blockade of cerebellar cortical transmission to investigate the role of the cerebellar cortex in eyelid conditioning. We demonstrate that both pharmacological blockade as well as focused ablative lesions of the cortex abolish timed responses and unmask responses with a fixed, short latency that are not displayed by the intact animal. Pharmacological blockade of cerebellar cortex output at various stages of acquisition and extinction reveals appropriate, learning dependent changes in the amplitude and probability of short latency responses during training. Acquisition of both short latency as well as timed responses is prevented by ablative lesions of the anterior lobe of the cerebellar cortex. These convergent results from technically distinct methods of removing the influence of the cerebellar cortex from conditioned behavior are consistent with the proposal that (1) eyelid conditioning engages two cerebellar sites of plasticity-one in the cortex and one in the anterior interpositus nucleus, (2) plasticity in the cerebellar cortex is necessary for proper response timing, (3) plasticity in the nucleus mediates the short latency responses unmasked by lesions of the cerebellar cortex, and (4) cerebellar cortical output is necessary for the induction of plasticity in the nucleus. ^

Virtual Patients in continuing medical education and residency training: a pilot project for acceptance analysis in the framework of a residency revision course in pediatrics.

AIM Virtual patients (VPs) are a one-of-a-kind e-learning resource, fostering clinical reasoning skills through clinical case examples. The combination with face-to-face teaching is important for their successful integration, which is referred to as "blended learning". So far little is known about the use of VPs in the field of continuing medical education and residency training. The pilot study presented here inquired the application of VPs in the framework of a pediatric residency revision course. METHODS Around 200 participants of a pediatric nephology lecture ('nephrotic and nephritic syndrome in children') were offered two VPs as a wrap-up session at the revision course of the German Society for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (DGKJ) 2009 in Heidelberg, Germany. Using a web-based survey form, different aspects were evaluated concerning the learning experiences with VPs, the combination with the lecture, and the use of VPs for residency training in general. RESULTS N=40 evaluable survey forms were returned (approximately 21%). The return rate was impaired by a technical problem with the local Wi-Fi firewall. The participants perceived the work-up of the VPs as a worthwhile learning experience, with proper preparation for diagnosing and treating real patients with similar complaints. Case presentations, interactivity, and locally and timely independent repetitive practices were, in particular, pointed out. On being asked about the use of VPs in general for residency training, there was a distinct demand for more such offers. CONCLUSION VPs may reasonably complement existing learning activities in residency training.

The Role for Virtual Patients in the Future of Medical Education

The medical education community is working-across disciplines and across the continuum-to address the current challenges facing the medical education system and to implement strategies to improve educational outcomes. Educational technology offers the promise of addressing these important challenges in ways not previously possible. The authors propose a role for virtual patients (VPs), which they define as multimedia, screen-based interactive patient scenarios. They believe VPs offer capabilities and benefits particularly well suited to addressing the challenges facing medical education. Well-designed, interactive VP-based learning activities can promote the deep learning that is needed to handle the rapid growth in medical knowledge. Clinically oriented learning from VPs can capture intrinsic motivation and promote mastery learning. VPs can also enhance trainees' application of foundational knowledge to promote the development of clinical reasoning, the foundation of medical practice. Although not the entire solution, VPs can support competency-based education. The data created by the use of VPs can serve as the basis for multi-institutional research that will enable the medical education community both to better understand the effectiveness of educational interventions and to measure progress toward an improved system of medical education.

Cerebellar mechanisms for motor learning: Testing predictions from a large-scale computer simulation

The cerebellum is the major brain structure that contributes to our ability to improve movements through learning and experience. We have combined computer simulations with behavioral and lesion studies to investigate how modification of synaptic strength at two different sites within the cerebellum contributes to a simple form of motor learning—Pavlovian conditioning of the eyelid response. These studies are based on the wealth of knowledge about the intrinsic circuitry and physiology of the cerebellum and the straightforward manner in which this circuitry is engaged during eyelid conditioning. Thus, our simulations are constrained by the well-characterized synaptic organization of the cerebellum and further, the activity of cerebellar inputs during simulated eyelid conditioning is based on existing recording data. These simulations have allowed us to make two important predictions regarding the mechanisms underlying cerebellar function, which we have tested and confirmed with behavioral studies. The first prediction describes the mechanisms by which one of the sites of synaptic modification, the granule to Purkinje cell synapses (gr → Pkj) of the cerebellar cortex, could generate two time-dependent properties of eyelid conditioning—response timing and the ISI function. An empirical test of this prediction using small, electrolytic lesions of the cerebellar cortex revealed the pattern of results predicted by the simulations. The second prediction made by the simulations is that modification of synaptic strength at the other site of plasticity, the mossy fiber to deep nuclei synapses (mf → nuc), is under the control of Purkinje cell activity. The analysis predicts that this property should confer mf → nuc synapses with resistance to extinction. Thus, while extinction processes erase plasticity at the first site, residual plasticity at mf → nuc synapses remains. The residual plasticity at the mf → nuc site confers the cerebellum with the capability for rapid relearning long after the learned behavior has been extinguished. We confirmed this prediction using a lesion technique that reversibly disconnected the cerebellar cortex at various stages during extinction and reacquisition of eyelid responses. The results of these studies represent significant progress toward a complete understanding of how the cerebellum contributes to motor learning. ^

An innovative approach to impacting student academic achievement and attitudes: Pilot study of the HEADS UP Virtual Molecular Biology Lab

Objective. To evaluate the HEADS UP Virtual Molecular Biology Lab, a computer-based simulated laboratory designed to teach advanced high school biology students how to create a mouse model. ^ Design. A randomized clinical control design of forty-four students from two science magnet high schools in Mercedes, Texas was utilized to assess knowledge and skills of molecular laboratory procedures, attitudes towards science and computers as a learning tool, and usability of the program. ^ Measurements. Data was collected using five paper-and-pencil formatted questionnaires and an internal "lab notebook." ^ Results. The Virtual Lab was found to significantly increase student knowledge over time (p<0.005) and with each use (p<0.001) as well as positively increase attitudes towards computers (p<0.001) and skills (p<0.005). No significant differences were seen in science attitude scores.^ Conclusion. These results provide evidence that the HEADS UP Virtual Molecular Biology Lab is a potentially effective educational tool for high school molecular biology education.^

Educación virtual y universidad pública : la experiencia de la Universidad Nacional de Cuyo

La Dirección de Educación a Distancia e Innovación Educativa de la Universidad Nacional de Cuyo trabaja en el desarrollo e implementación de distintas propuestas con modalidad a distancia y uso de las tecnologías de la información y comunicación a procesos educativos desde el año 2002, procurando la consolidación paulatina de la modalidad tanto al interior de la Universidad -en las unidades académicas- como en el contexto socioeducativo. Para ello se comprende y sostiene que lo verdaderamente innovador y sustentable reside en la capacidad institucional de desarrollar acciones que involucren a los actores en la toma de decisiones y desarrollo de actividades desde la propia identidad institucional, sus necesidades y demandas. En este sentido, la Dirección de Educación a Distancia de la Universidad Nacional de Cuyo desarrolla y privilegia acciones tendientes al empoderamiento de sus propios actores y unidades académicas para el desarrollo de la modalidad en el marco de un modelo pedagógico, didáctico y tecnológico general de toda la Universidad. Dentro de las acciones desarrolladas se han sostenido y valorado las instancias de capacitación en temáticas medulares de la modalidad, el desarrollo propio de un entorno virtual de aprendizaje basado en un modelo pedagógico situado, el trabajo articulado entre los docentes de las unidades académicas y los equipos multidisciplinarios de la Dirección y la gestión basada en la construcción de acuerdos con la Comisión de Educación a Distancia. En estos 7 años de trabajo se han llevado a cabo, tanto desde la Dirección como desde las unidades académicas, propuestas educativas con esta modalidad de diverso alcance territorial y formativo. Dichas acciones y proyectos, por su grado de profundidad y sistematicidad, se convierten hoy en capacidades institucionales instaladas para el diseño, desarrollo y evaluación de experiencias educativas con la modalidad. Estas propuestas, de características necesariamente disímiles, son experiencias sobre las que se ha construido conocimiento vinculado a la modalidad, en sus componentes pedagógicos (materiales, tutoría), de gestión (administrativa y fi nanciera) y tecnológicos (equipamiento, acceso, usabilidad). Por esto, y en el marco de una concepción de la innovación como proceso educativo renovado que necesariamente involucra a los actores y los hace partícipes desde sus marcos de referencia y criterios de actuación, es que se considera que la socialización y el análisis crítico de dichas experiencias constituyen acciones necesarias en la estrategia de consolidación de la modalidad en la UNCuyo. Se hace necesario que a esta altura del proceso de desarrollo de la modalidad se institucionalicen espacios y tiempos para el trabajo, la discusión y la colaboración colegiada de los distintos actores involucrados en dichas experiencias únicas e irrepetibles, con un caudal de conocimiento que puede ser compartido y capitalizado para optimizar propuestas existentes y dinamizar nuevas. Es así que, previo acuerdo con los miembros de la Comisión de Educación a Distancia de Rectorado, se haya decidido que lo más adecuado para concretar esta línea de acción sean los encuentros interfacultades bianuales (por su carácter comunicativo, abierto, refl exivo y dinamizador del aprendizaje institucional). Esta publicación constituye el documento que reúne los trabajos presentados en el Primer Encuentro Institucional de Experiencias en Educación a Distancia e Innovación Educativa de la Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, aprobado por Resolución Nº 391/09 del Consejo Superior. En ella hemos compilado propuestas formativas que responden a la modalidad a distancia -educación virtual según las nuevas líneas de investigación y desarrollo que hoy articulan el campo pedagógico- y mayormente propuestas pedagógicas que apelan a las posibilidades de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación como apoyo a la presencialidad. Es justamente esta mixtura de propuestas la que enriquece la experiencia institucional de la UNCuyo en lo referido al desarrollo de la educación virtual, puesto que en ella puede vislumbrarse la concepción de “innovación educativa" que sustentamos: avanzar en la mejora y cambio pedagógico desde el trabajo conjunto con los actores involucrados, desde sus signifi caciones, desde sus intentos y logros, desde el conocimiento que van construyendo, desde la propia experiencia y en pos de una educación nacional, pública, gratuita e inclusiva; pero también virtual.

Impacto de la plataforma virtual Webinfo en los procesos de aprendizaje del idioma inglés en el nivel universitario : Experiencia aúlica

Se presentan los resultados obtenidos del seguimiento efectuado durante el año 2006 a alumnos del primer año de las carreras del profesorado y traductorado de inglés de la Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación (F.H.C.E.) de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata (U.N.L.P.) en el uso de una plataforma virtual de enseñanza-aprendizaje. La motivación principal en la implementación de una plataforma virtual surge de la necesidad de poder brindar a los alumnos de Lengua Inglesa 1 más horas de práctica del idioma y de poder guiarlos en su primer año de estudios. Si bien la experiencia realizada en los prácticos de la cátedra de Lengua Inglesa 1 por parte de los alumnos en el uso de una plataforma virtual no fue muy extensa en tiempo, sí fue enriquecedora en datos que nos proporcionaron los usuarios con respecto a la factibilidad de poder implementar la modalidad 'blended learning' en futuros cursos. Este trabajo resume los datos y presenta algunas conclusiones preliminares

(Table 22-30) Revised composite depth scales of IODP Sites 320-U1331, U1332, U1333, U1334 and ODP Sites 199-1218, 199-1219, 199-1220

Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 320 recovered high-quality paleomagnetic records with over 800 dated reversals and decimeter-scale cyclic sediments which provide an outstanding framework to inter-calibrate major fossil groups and refine magnetic polarity chrons for the early Miocene, the entire Oligocene and the late Eocene Epoch. In order to reconstruct the climate history of the Equatorial Pacific one of the major objectives of the Pacific Equatorial Age Transect (PEAT) is the compilation of a Cenozoic Megasplice which integrates all available bio-, chemo-, and magnetostratigraphic data including key records from Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 199. Here we present extended post-cruise refinements of the shipboard composite depth scales and composite records of IODP Expedition 320 Sites U1331, U1332, U1333, U1334 as well as ODP Leg 199 Sites 1218, 1219 and 1220. The revised composite records were used to perform a site-to-site correlation and integration of Leg 199 and Exp. 320 sites. Based on this decimeter scale correlation a high resolution integrated paleomagnetic and biostratigraphic framework for the Equatorial Pacific is established covering the time from 20 to 40 Ma. This unprecedented sedimentary compendium from the Equatorial Pacific will be the backbone for paleoceanographic reconstructions for the late Paleogene.

La educación virtual antidoping como estrategia para desarrollar la cultura del juego limpio en el deporte mexicano : Un estudio de género

El propósito del estudio fue analizar el nivel de conocimiento y dominio sobre el doping que tienen las deportistas élite en México, para emprender acciones que permitan educar a los deportistas y su equipo de entrenamiento en el juego limpio, a través de acciones psicopedagógicas que faciliten un aprendizaje significativo, evitando que las deportistas usen de manera voluntaria o involuntaria sustancias y métodos prohibidos. Las pregunta principal que orientó la investigación fue la siguiente: ¿Qué nivel de conocimiento y dominio sobre el doping tienen las deportistas élite en México?. Para la investigación de campo, se elaboró un cuestionario de 22 preguntas para explorar el nivel de conocimiento y dominio que tenían los deportistas considerados élite por pertenecer a la selección estatal o nacional de los deportes de gimnasia olímpica, tiro con arco y hockey sobre pasto. Las respuestas encontradas demuestran que en algunos aspectos existe desconocimiento en materia de dopaje, y se devela la necesidad de profundizar en el programa de educación antidoping. Se manifiesta que la ignorancia que existe en diferentes aspectos, pone en riesgo a los deportistas en el uso inconsciente de sustancias y métodos prohibidos en el deporte

Impacto de la plataforma virtual Webinfo en los procesos de aprendizaje del idioma inglés en el nivel universitario : Experiencia aúlica

Se presentan los resultados obtenidos del seguimiento efectuado durante el año 2006 a alumnos del primer año de las carreras del profesorado y traductorado de inglés de la Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación (F.H.C.E.) de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata (U.N.L.P.) en el uso de una plataforma virtual de enseñanza-aprendizaje. La motivación principal en la implementación de una plataforma virtual surge de la necesidad de poder brindar a los alumnos de Lengua Inglesa 1 más horas de práctica del idioma y de poder guiarlos en su primer año de estudios. Si bien la experiencia realizada en los prácticos de la cátedra de Lengua Inglesa 1 por parte de los alumnos en el uso de una plataforma virtual no fue muy extensa en tiempo, sí fue enriquecedora en datos que nos proporcionaron los usuarios con respecto a la factibilidad de poder implementar la modalidad 'blended learning' en futuros cursos. Este trabajo resume los datos y presenta algunas conclusiones preliminares

La educación virtual antidoping como estrategia para desarrollar la cultura del juego limpio en el deporte mexicano : Un estudio de género

El propósito del estudio fue analizar el nivel de conocimiento y dominio sobre el doping que tienen las deportistas élite en México, para emprender acciones que permitan educar a los deportistas y su equipo de entrenamiento en el juego limpio, a través de acciones psicopedagógicas que faciliten un aprendizaje significativo, evitando que las deportistas usen de manera voluntaria o involuntaria sustancias y métodos prohibidos. Las pregunta principal que orientó la investigación fue la siguiente: ¿Qué nivel de conocimiento y dominio sobre el doping tienen las deportistas élite en México?. Para la investigación de campo, se elaboró un cuestionario de 22 preguntas para explorar el nivel de conocimiento y dominio que tenían los deportistas considerados élite por pertenecer a la selección estatal o nacional de los deportes de gimnasia olímpica, tiro con arco y hockey sobre pasto. Las respuestas encontradas demuestran que en algunos aspectos existe desconocimiento en materia de dopaje, y se devela la necesidad de profundizar en el programa de educación antidoping. Se manifiesta que la ignorancia que existe en diferentes aspectos, pone en riesgo a los deportistas en el uso inconsciente de sustancias y métodos prohibidos en el deporte