877 resultados para software management infrastructure


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Running hydrodynamic models interactively allows both visual exploration and change of model state during simulation. One of the main characteristics of an interactive model is that it should provide immediate feedback to the user, for example respond to changes in model state or view settings. For this reason, such features are usually only available for models with a relatively small number of computational cells, which are used mainly for demonstration and educational purposes. It would be useful if interactive modeling would also work for models typically used in consultancy projects involving large scale simulations. This results in a number of technical challenges related to the combination of the model itself and the visualisation tools (scalability, implementation of an appropriate API for control and access to the internal state). While model parallelisation is increasingly addressed by the environmental modeling community, little effort has been spent on developing a high-performance interactive environment. What can we learn from other high-end visualisation domains such as 3D animation, gaming, virtual globes (Autodesk 3ds Max, Second Life, Google Earth) that also focus on efficient interaction with 3D environments? In these domains high efficiency is usually achieved by the use of computer graphics algorithms such as surface simplification depending on current view, distance to objects, and efficient caching of the aggregated representation of object meshes. We investigate how these algorithms can be re-used in the context of interactive hydrodynamic modeling without significant changes to the model code and allowing model operation on both multi-core CPU personal computers and high-performance computer clusters.

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Existing distributed hydrologic models are complex and computationally demanding for using as a rapid-forecasting policy-decision tool, or even as a class-room educational tool. In addition, platform dependence, specific input/output data structures and non-dynamic data-interaction with pluggable software components inside the existing proprietary frameworks make these models restrictive only to the specialized user groups. RWater is a web-based hydrologic analysis and modeling framework that utilizes the commonly used R software within the HUBzero cyber infrastructure of Purdue University. RWater is designed as an integrated framework for distributed hydrologic simulation, along with subsequent parameter optimization and visualization schemes. RWater provides platform independent web-based interface, flexible data integration capacity, grid-based simulations, and user-extensibility. RWater uses RStudio to simulate hydrologic processes on raster based data obtained through conventional GIS pre-processing. The program integrates Shuffled Complex Evolution (SCE) algorithm for parameter optimization. Moreover, RWater enables users to produce different descriptive statistics and visualization of the outputs at different temporal resolutions. The applicability of RWater will be demonstrated by application on two watersheds in Indiana for multiple rainfall events.

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O objetivo da pesquisa atém-se primeiramente em elaborar um protocolo que permita analisar, por meio de um conjunto de indicadores, o processo de reutilização de software no desenvolvimento de sistemas de informação modelando objetos de negócios. O protocolo concebido compõe-se de um modelo analítico e de grades de análise, a serem empregadas na classificação e tabulação dos dados obtidos empiricamente. Com vistas à validação inicial do protocolo de análise, realiza-se um estudo de caso. A investigação ocorre num dos primeiros e, no momento, maior projeto de fornecimento de elementos de software reutilizáveis destinados a negócios, o IBM SANFRANCISCO, bem como no primeiro projeto desenvolvido no Brasil com base no por ele disponibilizado, o sistema Apontamento Universal de Horas (TIME SHEET System). Quanto à aplicabilidade do protocolo na prática, este se mostra abrangente e adequado à compreensão do processo. Quanto aos resultados do estudo de caso, a análise dos dados revela uma situação em que as expectativas (dos pesquisadores) de reutilização de elementos de software orientadas a negócio eram superiores ao observado. Houve, entretanto, reutilização de elementos de baixo nível, que forneceram a infra-estrutura necessária para o desenvolvimento do projeto. Os resultados contextualizados diante das expectativas de reutilização (dos desenvolvedores) são positivos, na medida em que houve benefícios metodológicos e tecnológicos decorrentes da parceria realizada. Por outro lado, constatam-se alguns aspectos restritivos para o desenvolvedor de aplicativos, em virtude de escolhas arbitrárias realizadas pelo provedor de elementos reutilizáveis.

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Due to the crisis over rigid automation that occurred around 1960, management models essentially fordist, have gradually become more flexible. The software factories, however, that emerged in the nineties manufacturing the most advanced technological products, adopted eminently fordist controls and seem to be going contrary to the evolutionary cycle that organizations tend to follow. The alternation between rigid and flexible management models of these software factories, observed under continuum fordism (0) ______ (1) post-fordism, as well as the limitations of the metaphor that emerges given the nature of the software they manufacture, constitutes the object of the study.

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Os avanços tecnológicos, principalmente os relacionados tecnologia da informação das telecomunicações, transformaram as organizações sociedade, são objeto de conflitos empresariais devido às mudanças que produzem na vida das pessoas nas formas de trabalho. Este estudo procura analisar contribuição da TI, em especial dos produtos de software, na discutível mudança do paradigma fordista para pós-fordista. adoção dessas tecnologias pode se configurar como competência essencial fator de competitividade da empresa, no entanto os impactos dessa nova dinâmica empresarial que faz uso intensivo da TI carecem de maior estudo compreensão para verificar se nessa dinâmica está envolvido um processo efetivo de flexibilização ou apenas uma sistemática para redução de custos. trabalho foi baseado em um estudo de caso, por meio de pesquisa realizada com usuários de produtos de software em uma grande empresa do setor elétrico, para verificar contribuição desses produtos no processo de flexibilização organizacional. Os resultados indicam a existência de fatores facilitadores do processo de flexibilização apoiados na utilização de sistemas informatizados. Os produtos de software alteram de forma significativa processo de comunicação aproximam as pessoas entre diferentes níveis hierárquicos. No entanto, tecnologia ainda não utilizada de forma disseminada como recurso para flexibilizar as relações de trabalho, principalmente no que se refere execução de atividades em locais horários de trabalho não convencionais. Para operacionalização de um modelo de gestão flexível, com características pós-fordistas, há necessidade de desenvolvimento de um novo perfil nas relações de trabalho que ainda têm características do modelo fordista de produção.

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Este trabalho, apresentado sob forma de dissertação, apesar de limitado .ao universo da gestão dos recursos materiais - GRM, representa uma tentativa para a criação de meios para medir a eficiência e a eficácia da função gerencial. Foram contemplados dois segmentos do universo da GRM: as relações comerciais com os fornecedores e as atividades de gerenciamento interno das diversas funções técnico-administrativas. Nestas, atingimos um amplo espectro, indo desde a infra-estrutura gerencial até os respectivos custos operacionais. Foram consideradas as seguintes funções: • Planejamento e Controle • Aquisição de Material • Controle e Distribuição de Material • Qualidade e Desenvolvimento o desempenho de cada uma das funções é avaliado por meio de indicadores, resultantes da combinação de dados operacionais, tais como: produção, venda, número de empregados envolvidos, valor das aquisições realizadas, custos de aquisição e de estocagem, valor dos estoques, carga transportada, custos de controle de qualidade e outros relacionados à GRM de uma organização. Consideramos que três orientações deste tabalho apresentam certo grau de originalidade. A primeira refere-se ao ajustamento dos valores monetários envolvidos, a fim de adequá-los às características inflacionárias da nossa economia. A segunda é o tratamento estatístico dos dados para que sejam reduzidas eventuais distorções. Assim, teremos indicadores próximos da realidade, baseados em números correntes e expurgados de variações aleatórias. A terceira orientação é o uso da informática para proporcionar a maior disseminação possível dos indicadores, seja na entrada de dados, no ajustamento, no cálculo, na armazenagem, na recuperação, no tratamento estatístico e na análise e criação de padrões de desempenho gerencial. Como anexo à dissertação, estamos incluindo disquetes em 3 1/2" e 5 1/4", contendo software interativo, denominado SIGMAT - Sistema de Indicadores para a Avaliação do Desempenho da Gestão dos Recursos Materiais. Este aplicativo executa todas as propostas apresentadas na presente dissertação.

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o trabalho analisa a indústria nacional de software, em especial, o software para exportação e as fábricas de software, focalizando as estratégias e os desafios do empresariado nacional da Tecnologia da Informação e Comunicação que atua neste segmento. Tendo por base considerações sobre o taylorismo, o fordismo, a flexibilidade do trabalho, a legislação trabalhista vigente, a competitividade do mercado de software, a maturidade nos processos de gestão e a responsabilidade social das empresas, colocou-se em perspectiva os principais fatores que podem influenciar o sucesso ou o fracasso das empresas nacionais de Tecnologia da Informação e Comunicação que investem no segmento de fábrica de software;

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The work described in this thesis aims to support the distributed design of integrated systems and considers specifically the need for collaborative interaction among designers. Particular emphasis was given to issues which were only marginally considered in previous approaches, such as the abstraction of the distribution of design automation resources over the network, the possibility of both synchronous and asynchronous interaction among designers and the support for extensible design data models. Such issues demand a rather complex software infrastructure, as possible solutions must encompass a wide range of software modules: from user interfaces to middleware to databases. To build such structure, several engineering techniques were employed and some original solutions were devised. The core of the proposed solution is based in the joint application of two homonymic technologies: CAD Frameworks and object-oriented frameworks. The former concept was coined in the late 80's within the electronic design automation community and comprehends a layered software environment which aims to support CAD tool developers, CAD administrators/integrators and designers. The latter, developed during the last decade by the software engineering community, is a software architecture model to build extensible and reusable object-oriented software subsystems. In this work, we proposed to create an object-oriented framework which includes extensible sets of design data primitives and design tool building blocks. Such object-oriented framework is included within a CAD Framework, where it plays important roles on typical CAD Framework services such as design data representation and management, versioning, user interfaces, design management and tool integration. The implemented CAD Framework - named Cave2 - followed the classical layered architecture presented by Barnes, Harrison, Newton and Spickelmier, but the possibilities granted by the use of the object-oriented framework foundations allowed a series of improvements which were not available in previous approaches: - object-oriented frameworks are extensible by design, thus this should be also true regarding the implemented sets of design data primitives and design tool building blocks. This means that both the design representation model and the software modules dealing with it can be upgraded or adapted to a particular design methodology, and that such extensions and adaptations will still inherit the architectural and functional aspects implemented in the object-oriented framework foundation; - the design semantics and the design visualization are both part of the object-oriented framework, but in clearly separated models. This allows for different visualization strategies for a given design data set, which gives collaborating parties the flexibility to choose individual visualization settings; - the control of the consistency between semantics and visualization - a particularly important issue in a design environment with multiple views of a single design - is also included in the foundations of the object-oriented framework. Such mechanism is generic enough to be also used by further extensions of the design data model, as it is based on the inversion of control between view and semantics. The view receives the user input and propagates such event to the semantic model, which evaluates if a state change is possible. If positive, it triggers the change of state of both semantics and view. Our approach took advantage of such inversion of control and included an layer between semantics and view to take into account the possibility of multi-view consistency; - to optimize the consistency control mechanism between views and semantics, we propose an event-based approach that captures each discrete interaction of a designer with his/her respective design views. The information about each interaction is encapsulated inside an event object, which may be propagated to the design semantics - and thus to other possible views - according to the consistency policy which is being used. Furthermore, the use of event pools allows for a late synchronization between view and semantics in case of unavailability of a network connection between them; - the use of proxy objects raised significantly the abstraction of the integration of design automation resources, as either remote or local tools and services are accessed through method calls in a local object. The connection to remote tools and services using a look-up protocol also abstracted completely the network location of such resources, allowing for resource addition and removal during runtime; - the implemented CAD Framework is completely based on Java technology, so it relies on the Java Virtual Machine as the layer which grants the independence between the CAD Framework and the operating system. All such improvements contributed to a higher abstraction on the distribution of design automation resources and also introduced a new paradigm for the remote interaction between designers. The resulting CAD Framework is able to support fine-grained collaboration based on events, so every single design update performed by a designer can be propagated to the rest of the design team regardless of their location in the distributed environment. This can increase the group awareness and allow a richer transfer of experiences among them, improving significantly the collaboration potential when compared to previously proposed file-based or record-based approaches. Three different case studies were conducted to validate the proposed approach, each one focusing one a subset of the contributions of this thesis. The first one uses the proxy-based resource distribution architecture to implement a prototyping platform using reconfigurable hardware modules. The second one extends the foundations of the implemented object-oriented framework to support interface-based design. Such extensions - design representation primitives and tool blocks - are used to implement a design entry tool named IBlaDe, which allows the collaborative creation of functional and structural models of integrated systems. The third case study regards the possibility of integration of multimedia metadata to the design data model. Such possibility is explored in the frame of an online educational and training platform.

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Esta tese propõe uma abordagem sistemática para gerenciar riscos em projetos de software, por meio da adaptação de processos. O objetivo da abordagem é permitir a elaboração de um processo específico para um dado projeto, visando minimizar a exposição do projeto aos riscos, identificados de acordo com o contexto do projeto. As atividades, possíveis de serem executadas em processos de projetos de uma organização, são estruturadas em um framework de processo (PRiMA-F), que inclui também os padrões de processo e organizacionais usados para descrever ações preventivas e corretivas aos riscos. A estruturação do framework básico, construído pela organização, poderá permitir distintas instanciações, como por exemplo, processos de acordo com o paradigma ágil ou planejado, ou em conformidade com normas de qualidade, como CMM e outras; além dos padrões organizacionais e de processo para gestão de riscos de projeto. PRiMA-F define o escopo maior do processo de software da organização e este é adaptado de acordo com os riscos identificados para o projeto e suas necessidades específicas, dando origem ao processo a ser usado no projeto. adaptação. Os guias descrevem como adaptar elementos de processo de acordo com o tamanho e o formalismo do projeto. Configurações de processo são modelos prédefinidos, visando atender projetos típicos ou modelos de qualidade. Prima-F pode ser estendida para novos riscos, padrões e processos, de acordo com as necessidades da organização. Utilizando o paradigma Goal/Question/Metric, no framework de processo (PRiMAF), são definidas métricas do processo de software, associadas aos riscos, para serem usadas para acompanhar o progresso dos fatores de risco, possibilitando ao gerente de projeto tomar ações corretivas, quando necessário e no momento adequado. As ações corretivas são descritas usando padrões organizacionais e de processo. Uma ferramenta de apoio à sistemática proposta (PRiMA-Tool) foi desenvolvida. Estudos de caso foram elaborados para validar a sistemática proposta

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Drawing upon Brazilian experience, this research explores some of the key issues to be addressed in using e-government technical cooperation designed to enhance service provision of Patent Offices in developing countries. While the development of software applications is often seen merely as a technical engineering exercise, localization and adaptation are context bounded matters that are characterized by many entanglements of human and non-humans. In this work, technical, legal and policy implications of technical cooperation are also discussed in a complex and dynamic implementation environment characterized by the influence of powerful hidden agendas associated with the arena of intellectual property (IP), which are shaped by recent technological, economic and social developments in our current knowledge-based economy. This research employs two different theoretical lenses to examine the same case, which consists of transfer of a Patent Management System (PMS) from the European Patent Office (EPO) to the Brazilian Patent Office that is locally named ‘Instituto Nacional da Propriedade Industrial’ (INPI). Fundamentally, we have opted for a multi-paper thesis comprising an introduction, three scientific articles and a concluding chapter that discusses and compares the insights obtained from each article. The first article is dedicated to present an extensive literature review on e-government and technology transfer. This review allowed the proposition on an integrative meta-model of e-government technology transfer, which is named E-government Transfer Model (ETM). Subsequently, in the second article, we present Actor-Network Theory (ANT) as a framework for understanding the processes of transferring e-government technologies from Patent Offices in developed countries to Patent Offices in developing countries. Overall, ANT is seen as having a potentially wide area of application and being a promising theoretical vehicle in IS research to carry out a social analysis of messy and heterogeneous processes that drive technical change. Drawing particularly on the works of Bruno Latour, Michel Callon and John Law, this work applies this theory to a longitudinal study of the management information systems supporting the Brazilian Patent Office restructuration plan that involved the implementation of a European Patent Management System in Brazil. Based upon the ANT elements, we follow the actors to identify and understand patterns of group formation associated with the technical cooperation between the Brazilian Patent Office (INPI) and the European Patent Office (EPO). Therefore, this research explores the intricate relationships and interactions between human and non-human actors in their attempts to construct various network alliances, thereby demonstrating that technologies embodies compromise. Finally, the third article applies ETM model as a heuristic frame to examine the same case previously studied from an ANT perspective. We have found evidence that ETM has strong heuristic qualities that can guide practitioners who are engaged in the transfer of e-government systems from developed to developing countries. The successful implementation of e-government projects in developing countries is important to stimulate economic growth and, as a result, we need to understand the processes through which such projects are being implemented and succeed. Here, we attempt to improve understanding on the development and stabilization of a complex social-technical system in the arena of intellectual property. Our preliminary findings suggest that e-government technology transfer is an inherently political process and that successful outcomes require continuous incremental actions and improvisations to address the ongoing issues as they emerge.