Impact of geographical and cultural factors on clinical trials in acute mania: lessons from a ziprasidone and haloperidol placebo-controlled study

Clinical trials today are conducted in multiple countries to enhance patient recruitment and improve efficiency of trials. However, the demographic and cultural diversity may contribute to variations in study outcomes. Here we conducted post-hoc analyses for a placebo-controlled study with ziprasidone and haloperidol for the treatment of acute mania to address the demographic, dosing, and outcome disparities in India, Russia and the USA. We compared the baseline characteristics, outcomes and discontinuations in patients and explored the relationship between the outcome measures across these countries. We found substantial differences in baseline characteristics of subjects, administered dosage and disease severity in India compared to the USA and Russia. Conversely, US subjects had a higher placebo response compared to subjects in Russia and India. These results are probably due to demographic differences in patient populations and psychiatric clinical practice across countries. While we offer initial ideas to address the disparities identified in this analysis, it is clear that further research to improve our understanding of geographical differences is essential to ensure globally applicable results for clinical trials in psychiatry.

Is the Front Line Prepared for the Changing Faces of Patients? Predictors of Cross-Cultural Preparedness Among Clinical Nurses and Resident Physicians in Lausanne, Switzerland.

UNLABELLED: Phenomenon: Assuring quality medical care for all persons requires that healthcare providers understand how sociocultural factors affect a patient's health beliefs/behaviors. Switzerland's changing demographics highlight the importance of provider cross-cultural preparedness for all patients-especially those at risk for social/health precarity. We evaluated healthcare provider cross-cultural preparedness for commonly encountered vulnerable patient profiles. APPROACH: A survey on cross-cultural care was mailed to Lausanne University hospital's "front-line healthcare providers": clinical nurses and resident physicians at our institution. Preparedness items asked "How prepared do you feel to care for ... ?" (referring to example patient profiles) on an ascending 5-point Likert scale. We examined proportions of "4 - well/5 - very well prepared" and the mean composite score for preparedness. We used linear regression to examine the adjusted effect of demographics, work context, cultural-competence training, and cross-cultural care problem awareness, on preparedness. FINDINGS: Of 885 questionnaires, 368 (41.2%) were returned: 124 (33.6%) physicians and 244 (66.4%) nurses. Mean preparedness composite was 3.30 (SD = 0.70), with the lowest proportion of healthcare providers feeling prepared for patients "whose religious beliefs affect treatment" (22%). After adjustment, working in a sensitized department (β = 0.21, p = .01), training on the history/culture of a specific group (β = 0.25, p = .03), and awareness regarding (a) a lack of practical experience caring for diverse populations (β = 0.25, p = .004) and (b) inadequate cross-cultural training (β = 0.18, p = .04) were associated with higher preparedness. Speaking French as a dominant language and physician role (vs. nurse) were negatively associated with preparedness (β = -0.26, p = .01; β = -0.22, p = .01). Insights: The state of cross-cultural care preparedness among Lausanne's front-line healthcare providers leaves room for improvement. Our study points toward institutional strategies to improve preparedness: notably, making sure departments are sensitized to cross-cultural care resources and increasing provider diversity to reflect the changing Swiss demographic.

Kollektiivista muistia etsimässä : How Collectivities Remember : Structures and Spaces of Social and Cultural Memory

Ajankohtaista

Quantifying insufficient coping behavior under chronic stress. A cross-cultural study of 1,303 students from Italy, Spain, and Argentina.

The question of how to quantify insufficient coping behavior under chronic stress is of major clinical relevance. In fact, chronic stress increasingly dominates modern work conditions and can affect nearly every system of the human body, as suggested by physical, cognitive, affective and behavioral symptoms. Since freshmen students experience constantly high levels of stress due to tight schedules and frequent examinations, we carried out a 3-center study of 1,303 students from Italy, Spain and Argentina in order to develop socioculturally independent means for quantifying coping behavior. The data analysis relied on 2 self-report questionnaires: the Coping Strategies Inventory (COPE) for the assessment of coping behavior and the Zurich Health Questionnaire which assesses consumption behavior and general health dimensions. A neural network approach was used to determine the structural properties inherent in the COPE instrument. Our analyses revealed 2 highly stable, socioculturally independent scales that reflected basic coping behavior in terms of the personality traits activity-passivity and defeatism-resilience. This replicated previous results based on Swiss and US-American data. The percentage of students exhibiting insufficient coping behavior was very similar across the study sites (11.5-18.0%). Given their stability and validity, the newly developed scales enable the quantification of basic coping behavior in a cost-efficient and reliable way, thus clearing the way for the early detection of subjects with insufficient coping skills under chronic stress who may be at risk of physical or mental health problems.

La filosofía nietzscheana y la lógica cultural del capitalismo tardío

Este trabajo analiza las relaciones entre las ideas fundamentales de la filosofía nietzscheana y la lógica cultural del capitalismo tardío. En la primera parte se realiza una breve exposición de la doctrina nietzscheana; en la segunda se estudia hasta qué punto dicha doctrina coincide con los presupuestos filosóficos del capitalismo tardío; y en la tercera se reflexiona acerca del tipo de conexión (de anticipación o de reciclaje) que se da entre ambas.

Prevalência de artefatos em exames de ressonância magnética do abdome utilizando a seqüência GRASE: comparável com as melhores seqüências rápidas?

OBJETIVO: Determinar a freqüência global de artefatos na seqüência "gradient and spin echo" (GRASE), por tipo e grau do artefato, em exames de ressonância magnética de abdome; realizar comparação entre as seqüências GRASE e duas seqüências TSE previamente selecionadas como aquelas com melhor relação sinal-ruído e menor incidência de artefatos. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Foi realizado estudo prospectivo, autopareado, em 86 pacientes submetidos a ressonância magnética de abdome superior, sendo adquiridas a seqüência GRASE com sincronizador respiratório e supressão de gordura e seis seqüências TSE ponderadas em T2. Dentre as seis seqüências TSE, foram previamente selecionadas aquelas com melhor relação sinal-ruído e menor número de artefatos, que foram as realizadas com supressão de gordura e com sincronizador respiratório, sendo uma com bobina de corpo (seqüência 1) e outra com bobina de sinergia (seqüência 2). A análise das imagens foi realizada por dois observadores em consenso, quanto a presença, grau e tipo de artefato. Posteriormente os dados foram analisados estatisticamente, através do teste de Friedman e do qui-quadrado. RESULTADOS: A freqüência absoluta de artefatos nas seqüências utilizadas foi de 65,02%. Os artefatos mais encontrados nas três seqüências estudadas foram os de respiração (30%) e de pulsação (33%). Apenas 3% dos casos apresentaram algum tipo de artefato que dificultava a análise das imagens. As freqüências de artefatos nas diversas seqüências foram: GRASE, 67,2%; seqüência TSE 1, 62,2%; seqüência TSE 2, 65,5%. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante na freqüência de artefatos encontrados nas seqüências GRASE e nas seqüências TSE (p = 0,845; NS). CONCLUSÃO: As seqüências GRASE e TSE ponderadas em T2 com sincronizador respiratório e com supressão de gordura, independentemente da bobina utilizada, apresentam freqüentemente artefatos, porém com incidência semelhante e geralmente sem interferência na avaliação das imagens.

Agenda cultural colaborativa, GeuSiAgend

En el mercado existen numerosas aplicaciones para gestionar el tiempo y llevar un control de las actividades diarias. Por otro lado, existen sistemas de consulta de eventos públicos de ocio y cultura. En este trabajo se presenta una aplicación que reúne ambas funcionalidades. De forma que se puede utilizar como agenda personal y, al mismo tiempo, permite consultar eventos públicos.

Del patrimonio natural de los peces al patrimonio cultural del pescado: el Espai del Peix de Palamós

By submitting a brief example of the production process in the maritime heritage and fishing, we try to show that, among the different maritime heritage production processes that are occurring today in the Costa Brava (Catalonia, Spain), different “logics” are guiding these processes, which are causing a real transformation of the concept of maritime heritage and practices associated with it

Un model per a la gestió cultural municipal : Les arts visuals locals en revisió

El treball desenvolupa en cinc capítols la recerca, l'estudi de dades i les conclusions de la hipòtesi de treball inicial: es possible implementar un nou programa d'arts visuals de qualitat a Rubí? A través de l'estudi detallat, l'anàlisi de dates quantitatives i qualitatives, les entrevistes a responsables de centres d'arts visuals de tota Catalunya i amb la realitat de gestió de les arts visuals del municipi de Rubí, es tracta d'arribar a unes conclusions que condueixen al plantejament d'un nou model de gestió per a l'Ajuntament de Rubí.