p.L1612P, a Novel Voltage-gated Sodium Channel Nav1.7 Mutation Inducing a Cold Sensitive Paroxysmal Extreme Pain Disorder

BACKGROUND Mutations in the SCN9A gene cause chronic pain and pain insensitivity syndromes. We aimed to study clinical, genetic, and electrophysiological features of paroxysmal extreme pain disorder (PEPD) caused by a novel SCN9A mutation. METHODS Description of a 4-generation family suffering from PEPD with clinical, genetic and electrophysiological studies including patch clamp experiments assessing response to drug and temperature. RESULTS The family was clinically comparable to those reported previously with the exception of a favorable effect of cold exposure and a lack of drug efficacy including with carbamazepine, a proposed treatment for PEPD. A novel p.L1612P mutation in the Nav1.7 voltage-gated sodium channel was found in the four affected family members tested. Electrophysiologically the mutation substantially depolarized the steady-state inactivation curve (V1/2 from -61.8 ± 4.5 mV to -30.9 ± 2.2 mV, n = 4 and 7, P < 0.001), significantly increased ramp current (from 1.8% to 3.4%, n = 10 and 12) and shortened recovery from inactivation (from 7.2 ± 5.6 ms to 2.2 ± 1.5 ms, n = 11 and 10). However, there was no persistent current. Cold exposure reduced peak current and prolonged recovery from inactivation in wild-type and mutated channels. Amitriptyline only slightly corrected the steady-state inactivation shift of the mutated channel, which is consistent with the lack of clinical benefit. CONCLUSIONS The novel p.L1612P Nav1.7 mutation expands the PEPD spectrum with a unique combination of clinical symptoms and electrophysiological properties. Symptoms are partially responsive to temperature but not to drug therapy. In vitro trials of sodium channel blockers or temperature dependence might help predict treatment efficacy in PEPD.

Efficacy of mechanical postconditioning following warm, global ischaemia depends on circulating fatty acid levels in an isolated, working rat heart model†

OBJECTIVES The number of heart transplantations is limited by donor organ availability. Donation after circulatory determination of death (DCDD) could significantly improve graft availability; however, organs undergo warm ischaemia followed by reperfusion, leading to tissue damage. Laboratory studies suggest that mechanical postconditioning [(MPC); brief, intermittent periods of ischaemia at the onset of reperfusion] can limit reperfusion injury; however, clinical translation has been disappointing. We hypothesized that MPC-induced cardioprotection depends on fatty acid levels at reperfusion. METHODS Experiments were performed with an isolated rat heart model of DCDD. Hearts of male Wistar rats (n = 42) underwent working-mode perfusion for 20 min (baseline), 27 min of global ischaemia and 60 min reperfusion with or without MPC (two cycles of 30 s reperfusion/30 s ischaemia) in the presence or absence of high fat [(HF); 1.2 mM palmitate]. Haemodynamic parameters, necrosis factors and oxygen consumption (O2C) were assessed. Recovery rate was calculated as the value at 60 min reperfusion expressed as a percentage of the mean baseline value. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to provide an overview of differences between experimental groups, and pairwise comparisons were performed to compare specific time points of interest for parameters with significant overall results. RESULTS Percent recovery of left ventricular (LV) work [developed pressure (DP)-heart rate product] at 60 min reperfusion was higher in hearts reperfused without fat versus with fat (58 ± 8 vs 23 ± 26%, P < 0.01) in the absence of MPC. In the absence of fat, MPC did not affect post-ischaemic haemodynamic recovery. Among the hearts reperfused with HF, two significantly different subgroups emerged according to recovery of LV work: low recovery (LoR) and high recovery (HiR) subgroups. At 60 min reperfusion, recovery was increased with MPC versus no MPC for LV work (79 ± 6 vs 55 ± 7, respectively; P < 0.05) in HiR subgroups and for DP (40 ± 27 vs 4 ± 2%), dP/dtmax (37 ± 24 vs 5 ± 3%) and dP/dtmin (33 ± 21 vs 5 ± 4%; P < 0.01 for all) in LoR subgroups. CONCLUSIONS Effects of MPC depend on energy substrate availability; MPC increased recovery of LV work in the presence, but not in the absence, of HF. Controlled reperfusion may be useful for therapeutic strategies aimed at improving post-ischaemic recovery of cardiac DCDD grafts, and ultimately in increasing donor heart availability.

Analytic validation of a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method for quantification of six amino acids in canine serum samples.

OBJECTIVE To analytically validate a gas concentration of chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method for measurement of 6 amino acids in canine serum samples and to assess the stability of each amino acid after sample storage. SAMPLES Surplus serum from 80 canine samples submitted to the Gastrointestinal Laboratory at Texas A&M University and serum samples from 12 healthy dogs. PROCEDURES GC-MS was validated to determine precision, reproducibility, limit of detection, and percentage recovery of known added concentrations of 6 amino acids in surplus serum samples. Amino acid concentrations in serum samples from healthy dogs were measured before (baseline) and after storage in various conditions. RESULTS Intra- and interassay coefficients of variation (10 replicates involving 12 pooled serum samples) were 13.4% and 16.6% for glycine, 9.3% and 12.4% for glutamic acid, 5.1% and 6.3% for methionine, 14.0% and 15.1% for tryptophan, 6.2% and 11.0% for tyrosine, and 7.4% and 12.4% for lysine, respectively. Observed-to-expected concentration ratios in dilutional parallelism tests (6 replicates involving 6 pooled serum samples) were 79.5% to 111.5% for glycine, 80.9% to 123.0% for glutamic acid, 77.8% to 111.0% for methionine, 85.2% to 98.0% for tryptophan, 79.4% to 115.0% for tyrosine, and 79.4% to 110.0% for lysine. No amino acid concentration changed significantly from baseline after serum sample storage at -80°C for ≤ 7 days. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE GC-MS measurement of concentration of 6 amino acids in canine serum samples yielded precise, accurate, and reproducible results. Sample storage at -80°C for 1 week had no effect on GC-MS results.

106: Synthetic preimplantation factor (sPIF*) promotes neuroprotection by modulating PKA/PKC kinases

OBJECTIVE: Survivors of premature birth suffer from long term disabilities. Synthetic PreImplantation Factor (sPIF*) modulates inflammatory responses and reverses neuroinflammation. Proteinkinase A (PKA) and protein kinase C (PKC) are crucial signaling molecules. PKA up-regulates IL-10 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression, which exert neuroprotective effects. Anti-apoptotic phosphorylation of Bad is mediated by PKA. PKC phosphorylates GAP-43, a marker for neuronal plasticity and structural recovery. We explored sPIF protective role in neuronal (N2a) cells and in a rat model of encephalopathy of prematurity. *proprietary. STUDY DESIGN: Cells were subjected to LPS and treated with sPIF or scrambled sPIF. Neonatal rats (postnatal day 3: P3) were subjected to LPS, ligation of carotid artery, and hypoxia (8% O2, 65min; n¼ 30). sPIF (0.75mg/kg twice daily) was injected (P6-13) and brains harvested at P13. sPIF’s potential and mechanisms were evaluated using immunohistochemistry, ELISA, Western Blot, and qRT-PCR. Data were analyzed using two-tailed Student’s t-test. P<0.05 wasconsidered statistically significant. RESULTS: In vitro sPIF increased PKA/PKC activity in time dependent manner (Fig. 1A). sPIF induced higher IL-10, BDNF, and GAP-43 and lower CASP3, BAD, and TNF-a mRNA levels (Fig. 1B,C). sPIF increased pGap-43/Gap-43 and decreased pBad/Bad ratio while decreasing Bad (Fig. 1 D,E). In brain tissue sPIF treatment resulted in rescued neuronal number (NeuN positive cells) and reduced apoptosis (Casp-3 positive cells) with decreased glial (Iba-1 positive cells) activation (Fig. 2A,B). The Iba-1 morphology changed from predominantly amoeboid to ramified state. Additionally sPIF increased IL-10 mRNA levels (Fig. 2C) and pGap-43/Gap-43 ratio (Fig. 2D). CONCLUSION: sPIF modulates PKA/PKC pathways reducing apoptosis and inflammatory responses while increasing neuronal plasticity and survival. The identified PKA/PKC regulatory axis strengthens the potential of sPIF in reducing the burden of prematurity.

Alfaxalone-butorphanol-dexmedetomidine anaesthesia in striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis ) undergoing skin biopsy: two cases

Skunks are becoming increasingly popular as pets. As such, they often undergo a variety of surgical procedures. Two pet skunks undergoing a dermatological examination, including skin biopsy, were anaesthetised with a combination of dexmedetomidine (0.02 mg/kg), butorphanol (0.3 mg/kg), and alfaxalone (4 mg/kg), all administered intramuscularly. Anaesthesia was characterised by rapid onset, absence of detectable side effects and fast recovery after atipamezole administration. Biopsies and toe-pinch did not elicit cardiorespiratory responses, nor did it result in movements or lightening of the anaesthetic depth. Both skunks recovered uneventfully, and showed normal appetite and regular defecation within eight hours following surgery. However, both the animals experienced mild hypothermia at recovery. The dexmedetomidine-alfaxalone-butorphanol combination produced satisfactory anaesthesia in the two skunks, object of this report. This anaesthetic protocol may be used in this species to provide immobility, myorelaxation, unconsciousness and analgesia during skin biopsy or other minor surgical procedures.

Efficacy of mechanical postconditioning following warm, global ischaemia depends on circulating fatty acid levels in an isolated, working rat heart model

Gebiet: Chirurgie Abstract: OBJECTIVES: – The number of heart transplantations is limited by donor organ availability. Donation after circulatory determination of death (DCDD) could significantly improve graft availability, however, organs undergo warm ischaemia followed by reperfusion, leading to tissue damage. Laboratory studies suggest that mechanical postconditioning [(MPC), brief, intermittent periods of ischaemia at the onset of reperfusion] can limit reperfusion injury, however, clinical translation has been disappointing. We hypothesized that MPC-induced cardioprotection depends on fatty acid levels at reperfusion. – – METHODS: – Experiments were performed with an isolated rat heart model of DCDD. Hearts of male Wistar rats (n = 42) underwent working-mode perfusion for 20 min (baseline), 27 min of global ischaemia and 60 min reperfusion with or without MPC (two cycles of 30 s reperfusion/30 s ischaemia) in the presence or absence of high fat [(HF), 1.2 mM palmitate]. Haemodynamic parameters, necrosis factors and oxygen consumption (O2C) were assessed. Recovery rate was calculated as the value at 60 min reperfusion expressed as a percentage of the mean baseline value. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to provide an overview of differences between experimental groups, and pairwise comparisons were performed to compare specific time points of interest for parameters with significant overall results. – – RESULTS: – Percent recovery of left ventricular (LV) work [developed pressure (DP)-heart rate product] at 60 min reperfusion was higher in hearts reperfused without fat versus with fat (58 ± 8 vs 23 ± 26%, P < 0.01) in the absence of MPC. In the absence of fat, MPC did not affect post-ischaemic haemodynamic recovery. Among the hearts reperfused with HF, two significantly different subgroups emerged according to recovery of LV work: low recovery (LoR) and high recovery (HiR) subgroups. At 60 min reperfusion, recovery was increased with MPC versus no MPC for LV work (79 ± 6 vs 55 ± 7, respectively, P < 0.05) in HiR subgroups and for DP (40 ± 27 vs 4 ± 2%), dP/dtmax (37 ± 24 vs 5 ± 3%) and dP/dtmin (33 ± 21 vs 5 ± 4%, P < 0.01 for all) in LoR subgroups. – – CONCLUSIONS: – Effects of MPC depend on energy substrate availability, MPC increased recovery of LV work in the presence, but not in the absence, of HF. Controlled reperfusion may be useful for therapeutic strategies aimed at improving post-ischaemic recovery of cardiac DCDD grafts, and ultimately in increasing donor heart availability.

Reducing CD4 Monitoring in Children on Antiretroviral Therapy With Virologic Suppression.

BACKGROUND Ongoing CD4 monitoring in patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART) with viral suppression has been questioned. We evaluated the probability of CD4 decline in children with viral suppression and CD4 recovery after 1 year on ART. METHODS We included children from 8 South African cohorts with routine HIV-RNA monitoring if (1) they were "responders" [HIV-RNA < 400 copies/mL and no severe immunosuppression after ≥1 year on ART (time 0)] and (2) ≥1 HIV-RNA and CD4 measurement within 15 months of time 0. We determined the probability of CD4 decline to World Health Organization-defined severe immunosuppression for 3 years after time 0 if viral suppression was maintained. Follow-up was censored at the earliest of the following dates: the day before first HIV-RNA measurement >400 copies/mL; day before a >15-month gap in testing and date of death, loss to follow-up, transfer out or database closure. RESULTS Among 5984 children [median age at time 0: 5.8 years (interquartile range: 3.1-9.0)], 270 children experienced a single CD4 decline to severe immunosuppression within 3 years of time 0 with probability of 6.6% (95% CI: 5.8-7.4). A subsequent CD4 measurement within 15 months of the first low measurement was available for 63% of children with CD4 decline and 86% showed CD4 recovery. The probability of CD4 decline was lowest (2.8%) in children aged 2 years or older with no or mild immunosuppression and on ART for <18 months at time 0. This group comprised 40% of children. CONCLUSIONS This finding suggests that it may be safe to stop routine CD4 monitoring in children older than 2 years and rely on virologic monitoring alone.

Validation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the measurement of canine S100A12.

BACKGROUND Canine S100 calcium-binding protein A12 (cS100A12) shows promise as biomarker of inflammation in dogs. A previously developed cS100A12-radioimmunoassay (RIA) requires radioactive tracers and is not sensitive enough for fecal cS100A12 concentrations in 79% of tested healthy dogs. An ELISA assay may be more sensitive than RIA and does not require radioactive tracers. OBJECTIVE The purpose of the study was to establish a sandwich ELISA for serum and fecal cS100A12, and to establish reference intervals (RI) for normal healthy canine serum and feces. METHODS Polyclonal rabbit anti-cS100A12 antibodies were generated and tested by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. A sandwich ELISA was developed and validated, including accuracy and precision, and agreement with cS100A12-RIA. The RI, stability, and biologic variation in fecal cS100A12, and the effect of corticosteroids on serum cS100A12 were evaluated. RESULTS Lower detection limits were 5 μg/L (serum) and 1 ng/g (fecal), respectively. Intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation were ≤ 4.4% and ≤ 10.9%, respectively. Observed-to-expected ratios for linearity and spiking recovery were 98.2 ± 9.8% (mean ± SD) and 93.0 ± 6.1%, respectively. There was a significant bias between the ELISA and the RIA. The RI was 49-320 μg/L for serum and 2-484 ng/g for fecal cS100A12. Fecal cS100A12 was stable for 7 days at 23, 4, -20, and -80°C; biologic variation was negligible but variation within one fecal sample was significant. Corticosteroid treatment had no clinically significant effect on serum cS100A12 concentrations. CONCLUSIONS The cS100A12-ELISA is a precise and accurate assay for serum and fecal cS100A12 in dogs.

Proceedings of the Twenty-Sixth Annual Biochemical Engineering Symposium

This volume contains the Proceedings of the Twenty-Sixth Annual Biochemical Engineering Symposium held at Kansas State University on September 21, 1996. The program included 10 oral presentations and 14 posters. Some of the papers describe the progress of ongoing projects, and others contain the results of completed projects. Only brief summaries are given of some of the papers; many of the papers will be published in full elsewhere. A listing of those who attended is given below. ContentsForeign Protein Production from SV40 Early Promoter in Continuous Cultures of Recombinant CHO Cells - Gautam Banik, Paul Todd, and Dhinakar Kampala Enhanced Cell Recruitment Due to Cell-Cell Interactions - Brad Farlow and Matthias Nollert The Recirculation of Hybridoma Suspension Cultures: Effects on Cell Death, Metabolism and Mab Productivity - Peng Jin and Carole A. Heath The Importance of Enzyme Inactivation and Self-Recovery in Cometabolic Biodegradation of Chlorinated Solvents - Xi-Hui Zhang, Shanka Banerji, and Rakesh Bajpai Phytoremediation of VOC contaminated Groundwater using Poplar Trees - Melissa Miller, Jason Dana, L.C. Davis, Murlidharan Narayanan, and L.E. Erickson Biological Treatment of Off-Gases from Aluminum Can Production: Experimental Results and Mathematical Modeling - Adeyma Y. Arroyo, Julio Zimbron, and Kenneth F. Reardon Inertial Migration Based Separation of Chlorella Microalgae in Branched Tubes - N.M. Poflee, A.L. Rakow, D.S. Dandy, M.L. Chappell, and M.N. Pons Contribution of Electrochemical Charge to Protein Partitioning in Aqueous Two-Phase Systems - Weiyu Fan and Charles C. Glatz Biodegradation of Some Commercial Surfactants Used in Bioremediation - Jun Gu, G.W. Preckshot, S.K. Banerji, and Rakesh Bajpai Modeling the Role of Biomass in Heavy Metal Transport Ln Vadose Zone - K.V. Nedunuri, L.E. Erickson, and R.S. Govindaraju Multivariable Statistical Methods for Monitoring Process Quality: Application to Bioinsecticide Production by 73 89 Bacillus Thuringiensis - c. Puente and M.N. Karim The Use of Polymeric Flocculants in Bacterial Lysate Streams - H. Graham, A.S. Cibulskas and E.H. Dunlop Effect of Water Content on transport of Trichloroethylene in a Chamber with Alfalfa Plants - Muralidharan Narayanan, Jiang Hu, Lawrence C. Davis, and Larry E. Erickson Detection of Specific Microorganisms using the Arbitrary Primed PCR in the Bacterial Community of Vegetated Soil - X. Wu and L.C. Davis Flux Enhancement Using Backpulsing - V.T. Kuberkar and R.H. Davis Chromatographic Purification of Oligonucleotides: Comparison with Electrophoresis - Stephen P. Cape, Ching-Yuan Lee, Kevin Petrini, Sean Foree, Micheal G. Sportiello and Paul Todd Determining Singular Arc Control Policies for Bioreactor Systems Using a Modified Iterative Dynamic Programming Algorithm - Arun Tholudur and W. Fred Ramirez Pressure Effect on Subtilisins Measured via FTIR, EPR and Activity Assays, and Its Impact on Crystallizations - J.N. Webb, R.Y. Waghmare, M.G. Bindewald, T.W. Randolph, J.F. Carpenter, C.E. Glatz Intercellular Calcium Changes in Endothelial Cells Exposed to Flow - Laura Worthen and Matthias Nollert Application of Liquid-Liquid Extraction in Propionic Acid Fermentation - Zhong Gu, Bonita A. Glatz, and Charles E. Glatz Purification of Recombinant T4 Lysozyme from E. Coli: Ion-Exchange Chromatography - Weiyu Fan, Matt L. Thatcher, and Charles E. Glatz Recovery and Purification of Recombinant Beta-Glucuronidase from Transgenic Corn - Ann R. Kusnadi, Roque Evangelista, Zivko L. Nikolov, and John Howard Effects of Auxins and cytokinins on Formation of Catharanthus Roseus G. Don Multiple Shoots - Ying-Jin Yuan, Yu-Min Yang, Tsung-Ting Hu, and Jiang Hu Fate and Effect of Trichloroethylene as Nonaqueous Phase Liquid in Chambers with Alfalfa - Qizhi Zhang, Brent Goplen, Sara Vanderhoof, Lawrence c. Davis, and Larry E. Erickson Oxygen Transport and Mixing Considerations for Microcarrier Culture of Mammalian Cells in an Airlift Reactor - Sridhar Sunderam, Frederick R. Souder, and Marylee Southard Effects of Cyclic Shear Stress on Mammalian Cells under Laminar Flow Conditions: Apparatus and Methods - M.L. Rigney, M.H. Liew, and M.Z. Southard

Reconstruyendo imaginarios sobre democracia : a propósito de las elecciones a partir de la crisis del 2001

El trabajo aborda la relación democracia y ciudadanía desde la dimensión subjetiva de la política e indaga las representaciones mentales del imaginario político sobre participación y representación ciudadana a partir de los procesos electorales. El objetivo es rescatar las significaciones que sostienen o transforman la institucionalidad democrática. La crisis del 2001 en Argentina generó nuevas formas de participación y un redimensionamiento de la democracia. Los resultados del trabajo atribuyen la escasa calidad democrática a la dirigencia política aunque abren la posibilidad de un mayor compromiso, participación y autonomía ciudadana y recuperación de lo político, como inescindible de lo social.

Efecto fitotóxico de Baccharis ulicina sobre la germinación y crecimiento inicial de Avena sativa, Lolium perenne y Raphanus sativus

Baccharis ulicina es una maleza ampliamente distribuida en los pastizales de la zona semiárida argentina. A fin de evaluar sus posibles efectos alelopáticos, se utilizaron extractos acuosos de B. ulicina (hoja, tallo, raíz y planta entera) a dos concentraciones (50 y 150 g tejido/L agua) sobre la germinación y crecimiento inicial de Avena sativa, Lolium perenne y Raphanus sativus. Para cada especie se regaron 100 semillas y se mantuvieron a 25°C y oscuridad. Se registraron la germinación de las semillas y la longitud de coleóptilo / hipocótile (C/H) y radícula (R). Con los datos obtenidos se determinó: porcentaje de germinación, coeficiente de velocidad de germinación, vigor de la germinación, inhibición de la germinación, inhibición de la longitud de la radícula y del coleóptilo / hipocótile e índice de vigor de radícula y de coleóptilo / hipocótile. Los extractos con alta concentración redujeron la germinación en promedio 65% mientras que inhibieron la longitud en 58,8% (C/H) y 93,3% (R) para A. sativa; 71,5% (C/H) y 87,9% (R) para L. perenne, y 93,8% (C/H) y 94,5% (R) para R. sativus. Se registró un evidente efecto fitotóxico de B. ulicina sobre las especies evaluadas, indicando que la alelopatía sería una estrategia ecológica de la especie.

Del Movimiento al Frente : Dinámica política en el Frente Popular Darío Santillán

El grado de desintegración social, desigualdad y de fragmentación de las identidades hicieron paradigmática la crisis del ordenamiento social neoliberal en Argentina. Hacia finales de la década del noventa y a través de la politización de las distintas situaciones de precariedad, de los nuevos contextos de sociabilidad territorial y de la recuperación de lazos y redes sociales ya existentes, surgieron novedosas respuestas de acción colectiva y organización popular. Una de esas "novedades", fue la movilización de grandes agrupamientos de desocupados que protagonizaron movilizaciones -primero en el interior del país y luego en el Conurbano Bonaerense- donde alcanzaron masividad y características muy particulares. El presente trabajo se centrará particularmente en el campo de los Movimientos de Desocupados que se sitúan en la perspectiva política autónoma, y dentro de éstos, retomaremos sólo la experiencia Frente Popular Darío Santillán (FPDS) y del Movimiento de Trabajadores Desocupados "Aníbal Verón" ya que éste se constituyó como su antecedente inmediato. De esta manera, nuestra unidad de referencia será el FPDS en tanto organización y nos propondremos analizar sus dinámicas políticas, posicionamientos y reposicionamientos en la nueva coyuntura político-social abierta con el kirchnerismo en el período de la post convertibilidad, a través de la reconstrucción de su trayectoria organizativa

Recuperación económica y precariedad laboral en la Argentina. Una mirada regional

Luego de la profunda crisis experimentada entre fines de 2001 y principios de 2003, la economía argentina registró una fuerte y sostenida recuperación. Este panorama tuvo su correlato en el mercado laboral: mientras que la evolución de sus indicadores para el período precedente (1998 a 2003) llevó a que la escasez de trabajo y de puestos de calidad fuera la temática central de las discusiones relacionadas con cuestiones sociales y políticas de principios de este siglo en la Argentina, el nuevo escenario plantea, creemos, nuevas preguntas y nuevos debates. En este sentido, el presente trabajo pretende aportar evidencia empírica a los interrogantes siguientes: ¿Cómo impactó la última recuperación económica en la precariedad laboral y el no registro en la Argentina? ¿Ese impacto fue similar para todas las regiones? Si no fue así, entonces: ¿cuáles fueron las regiones en las que la precariedad y el no registro disminuyó más? ¿Cuáles fueron las principales razones del cambio? El análisis se realiza con datos provenientes de la Encuesta Permanente de Hogares Continua, con énfasis en el enfoque regional y utilizando descomposiciones microeconométricas de los cambios registrados. Entre las principales conclusiones se destaca que la precariedad laboral se redujo en el período bajo estudio, pero casi la mitad de esta reducción desaparece cuando no se computa a los beneficiarios de planes de empleo como asalariados. La precariedad laboral disminuyó más en el noa que en el resto del país, aunque el nivel de partida de esta región fue mucho más elevado que el resto. Finalmente, la elasticidad empleo total-producto y la elasticidad empleo asalariado-producto observadas son positivas, aunque con una tendencia decreciente. Sorprendentemente, la elasticidad de la precariedad laboral frente a cambios en el producto parece haber sido procíclica a nivel país, con el noa comportándose de manera diferencial

El sector industrial en Jujuy : Un análisis desde la teoría de la localización y la problemática del medio ambiente

La estructura productiva de Jujuy en los últimos cincuenta años se ha caracterizado por la transición desde una economía centrada en la producción primaria (predominante hasta comienzos de la década de 1960) hacia otra con preeminencia creciente del sector terciario (desde mediados de la década de 1970 hasta la actualidad). El sector secundario nunca llegó a ser el más importante en el contexto económico provincial. Sin embargo, en una desagregación mayor, es la industria uno de los sectores que más aporta al producto bruto geográfico en los últimos quince años, con la particularidad de encontrarse concentrada en unas pocas localidades de la provincia. En ese marco, el presente trabajo se propone comprender la ubicación de las industrias en el territorio jujeño a partir de las teorías de la localización, con un análisis particular del caso de Palpalá (por su diseño de parques industriales destinado a aprovechar las economías de escala) y de la problemática ambiental generada por el sector. Se pretende responder a algunos de los siguientes interrogantes: ¿Qué criterios fueron tomados en cuenta para decidir la ubicación de cada fábrica? ¿Cómo incidieron los cambios políticos en la radicación industrial en territorio jujeño? ¿Qué reconversiones se fueron logrando a partir de una industria básica como la siderúrgica? ¿Cómo fue resolviéndose la demanda de bienes finales e intermedios ante el crecimiento poblacional y la inserción/reinserción de la mano de obra? ¿Qué vinculaciones se observan entre la provincia y la región desde el punto de vista de la ocupación del espacio económico? ¿Qué problemas sobre los recursos naturales suscita la industrialización? ¿Cómo responden el Estado y la actividad privada en la prevención y solución de los inconvenientes ambientales? El análisis se realiza sobre la base de la transferencia de teoría a la situación real, entrevistas a informantes especializados y relevamiento de información en organismos estatales (para interiorizarse de aspectos político/económicos), interpretándose luego de modo interdisciplinar los datos relevados. Las respuestas a los distintos interrogantes van elaborándose a medida que se encuentran las relaciones entre las razones que la historia reciente registra y la respuesta social y productiva de los actores económicos de la provincia. En ese sentido, entre las conclusiones se destaca la escasez de aportes foráneos en la construcción del sector industrial local, la necesidad de políticas que incentiven al sector manufacturero a nivel regional, así como la importancia de que se desplieguen acciones con respecto al control de la contaminación, su prevención y la restauración de recursos naturales: agua, suelo, atmósfera y biomas

La construcción social de productos agroalimentarios típicos en procesos de desarrollo territorial local : Disputas entre saberes teóricos y saberes prácticos

Nuestro trabajo parte de proyectos de Extensión Universitaria en el territorio costero de Berisso, a 15 km. de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales de La Plata. La finalidad del proceso de intervención fue mejorar las condiciones socio-económicas de productores familiares en un contexto de recuperación de oficios, prácticas y saberes. El camino iniciado de revalorización de los oficios de viticultor y vitivinicultor, durante los últimos doce años, ha dado como resultado un incipiente resurgimiento de la actividad agroalimentaria en Berisso. Nacen así adaptaciones, innovaciones propias de la interacción social y como resultado del propio proceso de intervención. Las propuestas que se plasmaron en proyectos compartidos por Ciencias Exactas y Agronomía (2006, 2007 y 2010), en los que uno de los ejes trabajados fue la construcción participativa de prácticas en la producción primaria (viñedos y montes de ciruelos) y agroindustrial (vinos, fermentados) permitieron contribuir al mejoramiento y puesta en valor de productos agroalimentarios típicos. En el propio proceso educativo surgen conflictos que presentan obstáculos a la construcción conjunta de saberes, dificultando la incorporación de conocimientos que contribuyen al aseguramiento de la calidad de los productos. Esta construcción conjunta de conocimientos no ha sido armoniosa y ha generado, tanto en los productores como en los técnicos involucrados, un proceso de reflexión acerca de lo que es una "buena práctica agrícola o de manufactura" y lo que no lo es. Así, el debate se inscribe en la valorización de distintos tipos de saberes: los saberes codificados versus los tácitos, que son encarnados por diferentes personas: técnicos y productores respectivamente