Pulse phase-coherent timing and spectroscopy of CXOU J164710.2−45521 outbursts

We present a long-term phase-coherent timing analysis and pulse-phase resolved spectroscopy for the two outbursts observed from the transient anomalous X-ray pulsar CXOU J164710.2−455216. For the first outburst we used 11 Chandra and XMM–Newton observations between 2006 September and 2009 August, the longest baseline yet for this source. We obtain a coherent timing solution with P = 10.61065583(4) s, Ṗ = 9.72(1) × 10−13 s s−1 and P̈ = –1.05(5) × 10−20 s s−2. Under the standard assumptions this implies a surface dipolar magnetic field of ∼1014 G, confirming this source as a standard B magnetar. We also study the evolution of the pulse profile (shape, intensity and pulsed fraction) as a function of time and energy. Using the phase-coherent timing solution we perform a phase-resolved spectroscopy analysis, following the spectral evolution of pulse-phase features, which hints at the physical processes taking place on the star. The results are discussed from the perspective of magnetothermal evolution models and the untwisting magnetosphere model. Finally, we present similar analysis for the second, less intense, 2011 outburst. For the timing analysis we used Swift data together with 2 XMM–Newton and Chandra pointings. The results inferred for both outbursts are compared and briefly discussed in a more general framework.

Knowledge and attitudes of Spanish adolescent girls towards human papillomavirus infection: where to intervene to improve vaccination coverage

Background: HPV vaccine coverage is far from ideal in Valencia, Spain, and this could be partially related to the low knowledge about the disease and the vaccine, therefore we assessed these, as well as the attitude towards vaccination in adolescent girls, and tried to identify independently associated factors that could potentially be modified by an intervention in order to increase vaccine coverage. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in a random selection of schools of the Spanish region of Valencia. We asked mothers of 1278 girls, who should have been vaccinated in the 2011 campaign, for informed consent. Those that accepted their daughters’ participation, a questionnaire regarding the Knowledge of HPV infection and vaccine was passed to the girls in the school. Results: 833 mothers (65.1%) accepted participation. All their daughters’ responded the questionnaire. Of those, 89.9% had heard about HPV and they associated it to cervical cancer. Only 14% related it to other problems like genital warts. The knowledge score of the girls who had heard about HPV was 6.1/10. Knowledge was unrelated to the number of contacts with the health system (Pediatrician or nurse), and positively correlated with the discussions with classmates about the vaccine. Adolescents Spanish in origin or with an older sister vaccinated, had higher punctuation. 67% of the girls thought that the vaccine prevented cancer, and 22.6% felt that although prevented cancer the vaccine had important safety problems. 6.4% of the girls rejected the vaccine for safety problems or for not considering themselves at risk of infection. 71.5% of the girls had received at least one vaccine dose. Vaccinated girls scored higher knowledge (p = 0.05). Conclusion: Knowledge about HPV infection and vaccine was fair in adolescents of Valencia, and is independent to the number of contacts with the health system, it is however correlated to the conversations about the vaccine with their peers and the vaccination status. An action to improve HPV knowledge through health providers might increase vaccine coverage in the adolescents.

Effectiveness of influenza vaccination programme in preventing hospital admissions, Valencia, 2014/15 early results

Preliminary results for the 2014/15 season indicate low to null effect of vaccination against influenza A(H3N2)-related disease. As of week 5 2015, there have been 1,136 hospital admissions, 210 were due to influenza and 98% of subtype A strains were H3. Adjusted influenza vaccine effectiveness was 33% (range: 6–53%) overall and 40% (range: 13% to 59%) in those 65 years and older. Vaccination reduced by 44% (28–68%) the probability of admission with influenza.

A public-professional web-bridge for vaccines and vaccination: User concerns about vaccine safety

Vacunas.org (http://www.vacunas.org), a website founded by the Spanish Association of Vaccinology offers a personalized service called Ask the Expert, which answers any questions posed by the public or health professionals about vaccines and vaccination. The aim of this study was to analyze the factors associated with questions on vaccination safety and determine the characteristics of questioners and the type of question asked during the period 2008–2010. A total of 1341 questions were finally included in the analysis. Of those, 30% were related to vaccine safety. Questions about pregnant women had 5.01 higher odds of asking about safety (95% CI 2.82–8.93) than people not belonging to any risk group. Older questioners (>50 years) were less likely to ask about vaccine safety compared to younger questioners (OR: 0.44, 95% CI 0.25–0.76). Questions made after vaccination or related to influenza (including H1N1) or travel vaccines were also associated with a higher likelihood of asking about vaccine safety. These results identify risk groups (pregnant women), population groups (older people) and some vaccines (travel and influenza vaccines, including H1N1) where greater efforts to provide improved, more-tailored vaccine information in general and on the Internet are required.

L'étude in vivo de l'impact de la pression pulsée sur les capillaires cérébraux de souris

Plusieurs décennies de recherche ont permis de mieux comprendre les effets de l’athérosclérose sur le système cardiovasculaire, d’améliorer la prévention et de développer des traitements efficaces. Les effets de l’athéroslérose sur le cerveau demeurent toutefois mal compris même si le lien entre le fonctionnement cognitif et la santé du système vasculaire est maintenant bien établi. La venue de nouvelles méthodes d’imagerie telle la microscopie laser à 2-photons (TPLM) permet d’étudier l’impact de certaines maladies sur la microvasculature cérébrale en mesurant le flux sanguin dans des vaisseaux uniques situés dans des régions cérébrales millimétriques sous la surface. Les résultats des études in vitro peuvent dorénavant être corrélés à ceux obtenus in vivo. En premier lieu, ce mémoire revoit la théorie ayant permis le développement de la TPLM qui permet de prendre des mesures hémodynamiques in vivo dans des vaisseaux de très petits calibres tels des capillaires cérébraux de souris. Par la suite, son utilisation est décrite chez des souris anesthésiées afin de comparer les mesures d’hémodynamie cérébrale tels la vitesse des globules rouges, le flux de globules rouges, le flux sanguin cérébral, l’hématocrite sanguin et le diamètre des vaisseaux. Finalement, nous avons comparé les données hémodynamiques entre des souris de 3 mois normales (WT ; n=6) et des souris atteintes d’athérosclérose précoce (ATX ; n=6). Les résultats obtenus sur un nombre total de 209 capillaires (103 pour les souris WT et 106 pour les souris ATX) démontrent que les souris ATX possèdent une vitesse des globules rouges (+40%) plus grande, un flux de globule rouge plus grand (+12%) et un flux capillaire plus élevé (+14%) sans démontrer pour aucun de ces paramètres, une différence statistiquement significative. L’hématocrite moyen (35±4% vs 33±2% ; p=0.71) et le diamètre moyen des vaisseaux (4.88±0.22μm vs 4.86±0.20μm ; p=0.23) étaient également comparables. La vitesse des globules rouges a démontré une faible corrélation avec le diamètre des vaisseaux (r=0.39) et avec le flux de globules rouges/seconde (r=0.59). En conclusion, les travaux menés dans le cadre de ce mémoire de maîtrise permettent d'envisager, grâce aux nouvelles méthodes d’imagerie cérébrale telle la TPLM, une meilleure compréhension des mécanismes hémodynamiques sous-jacents à la microcirculation cérébrale. L’effet d’une pression pulsée augmentée, tel que proposée dans l’athérosclérose reste cependant à démontrer avec cette méthode d’imagerie.

Analysis of Protein Turnover by Quantitative SNAP-Based Pulse-Chase Imaging

Assessment of protein dynamics in living cells is crucial for understanding their biological properties and functions. The SNAP-tag, a self labeling suicide enzyme, presents a tool with unique features that can be adopted for determining protein dynamics in living cells. Here we present detailed protocols for the use of SNAP in fluorescent pulse-chase and quench-chase-pulse experiments. These time-slicing methods provide powerful tools to assay and quantify the fate and turnover rate of proteins of different ages. We cover advantages and pitfalls of SNAP-tagging in fixed- and live-cell studies and evaluate the recently developed fast-acting SNAPf variant. In addition, to facilitate the analysis of protein turnover datasets, we present an automated algorithm for spot recognition and quantification.

Approaches for the vaccination and treatment of Neospora caninum infections in mice and ruminant models.

Neospora caninum is a leading cause of abortion in cattle, and is thus an important veterinary health problem of high economic significance. Vaccination has been considered a viable strategy to prevent bovine neosporosis. Different approaches have been investigated, and to date the most promising results have been achieved with live-attenuated vaccines. Subunit vaccines have also been studied, and most of them represented components that are functionally involved in (i) the physical interaction between the parasite and its host cell during invasion or (ii) tachyzoite-to-bradyzoite stage conversion. Drugs have been considered as an option to limit the effects of vertical transmission of N. caninum. Promising results with a small panel of compounds in small laboratory animal models indicate the potential value of a chemotherapeutical approach for the prevention of neosporosis in ruminants. For both, vaccines and drugs, the key for success in preventing vertical transmission lies in the application of bioactive compounds that limit parasite proliferation and dissemination, without endangering the developing fetus not only during an exogenous acute infection but also during recrudescence of a chronic infection. In this review, the current status of vaccine and drug development is presented and novel strategies against neosporosis are discussed.

Impact of maternally derived immunity on piglets’ immune response and protection against porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) after vaccination against PCV2 at different age

BACKGROUND: This study was aimed at evaluating the clinical protection, the level of Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) viremia and the immune response (antibodies and IFN-γ secreting cells (SC)) in piglets derived from PCV2 vaccinated sows and themselves vaccinated against PCV2 at different age, namely at 4, 6 and 8 weeks. The cohort study has been carried out over three subsequent production cycles (replicates). At the start/enrolment, 46 gilts were considered at first mating, bled and vaccinated. At the first, second and third farrowing, dams were bled and re-vaccinated at the subsequent mating after weaning piglets. Overall 400 piglets at each farrowing (first, second and third) were randomly allocated in three different groups (100 piglets/group) based on the timing of vaccination (4, 6 or 8 weeks of age). A fourth group was kept non-vaccinated (controls). Piglets were vaccinated intramuscularly with one dose (2 mL) of a commercial PCV2a-based subunit vaccine (Porcilis® PCV). Twenty animals per group were bled at weaning and from vaccination to slaughter every 4 weeks for the detection of PCV2 viremia, humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. Clinical signs and individual treatments (morbidity), mortality, and body weight of all piglets were recorded. RESULTS: All vaccination schemes (4, 6 and 8 weeks of age) were able to induce an antibody response and IFN-γ SC. The highest clinical and virological protection sustained by immune reactivity was observed in pigs vaccinated at 6 weeks of age. Overall, repeated PCV2 vaccination in sows at mating and the subsequent higher levels of maternally derived antibodies did not significantly interfere with the induction of both humoral and cell-mediated immunity in their piglets after vaccination. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of vaccination in sows at mating and in piglets at 6 weeks of age was more effective for controlling PCV2 natural infection, than other vaccination schemas, thus sustaining that some interference of MDA with the induction of an efficient immune response could be considered. In conclusion, optimal vaccination strategy needs to balance the levels of passive immunity, the management practices and timing of infection.

A Comprehensive Discussion of HMBC Pulse Sequences: 4. Establishing Two-Bond Correlations from HMBC and Related Experiments

The utility of the HMBC experiment for structure elucidation is unquestionable, but the nature of the coupling pathways leading to correlations in an HMBC experiment creates the potential for misinterpretation. This misinterpretation potential is intimately linked to the size of the long-range heteronuclear couplings involved, and may become troublesome in those cases of a particularly strong 2JCH correlation that might be mistaken for a 3JCH correlation or a 4JCH correlation of appreciable strength that could be mistaken for a weaker 3JCH correlation. To address these potential avenues of confusion, work from several laboratories has been focused on the development of what might be considered “coupling pathway edited” long-range heteronuclear correlation experiments that are derived from or related to the HMBC experiment. The first example of an effort to address the problems associated with correlation path length was seen in the heteronucleus-detected XCORFE experiment described by Reynolds and co-workers that predated the development of the HMBC experiment. Proton-detected analogs of the HMBC experiment intended to differentiate 2JCH correlations from nJCH correlations where n = 3, 4, include the 2J,3J-HMBC, HMBC-RELAY, H2BC, edited-HMBC, and HAT H2BC experiments. The principles underlying the critical components of each of these experiments are discussed and experimental verification of the results that can be obtained using model compounds are shown. This contribution concludes with a brief discussion of the 1,1-ADEQUATE experiments that provide an alternative means of identifying adjacent protonated and non-protonated carbon correlations by exploiting 1JCC correlations at natural abundance.

(Table 2) Delta 14C record of sediment core Pulse-32_SMB

The D14C of surface water dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in the Southern California Bight was compared to D14C as recorded by the sterols in Santa Monica and Santa Barbara Basin sediments. All of the C26, C27, C28, and C29 sterols as well as dinosterol had 14C concentrations equal to surface water DIC, indicating that all of the major sterols were derived from phytoplanktonic production. There is no detectable terrestrial component. Their tracer capability was confirmed by comparing the "bomb 14C"-derived change in surface water D14CDIC with the change in D14Csterol. The "prebomb" D14CDIC was -82 per mil, and prebomb sterols averaged -75±19 per mil. The D14C value in 1996 was +71 per mil. Eighteen measurements representing eight different sterols from the sediment-water interface of both Santa Monica and Santa Barbara Basins averaged +62±23 per mil. When three of these values were eliminated because of suspected contamination, the remaining data averaged +71 ±12 per mil. The entire compound class could serve as an excellent proxy for the 14C concentration of ocean surface waters.

Post-H1N1 Flu Vaccination Narcolepsy in Switzerland: A Retrospective Survey in the 30 Sleep-Certified Swiss Centers

Narcolepsy-cataplexy is a sleep-wake disorder and suggested to be immune-mediated, involving genetic and environmental factors. The autoimmune process eventually leads to a loss of hypocretin neurons in the lateral hypothalamus. Epidemiological studies in several countries proved an increased incidence of narcolepsy after H1N1 flu vaccination and infection. This survey in 30 sleep centers in Switzerland led to the identification of 9 H1N1-vaccinated children and adults as newly diagnosed narcolepsy. Clinical features included the abrupt and severe onset of sleepiness, cataplexy and sleep fragmentation.

Fast neutron pulse reactors and fast neutron critical assemblies : a literature search /

"Reactor Technology."

A semi-automated pulse-echo ultrasonic system for inspecting tires. Interim report.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Office of Research and Development, Washington, D.C.

State vaccination; with special reference to some principles of ancient Judaism,

Cover title.

Analog computation with random pulse sequences.

Vita.