Interação entre grau de perda auditiva e o incômodo com zumbidos em trabalhadores com história de exposição ao ruído

Hearing loss and tinnitus impact the lives of workers in every instance of their lives. Aim: this paper aims to investigate the existence of a dose-response relationship between hearing loss and tinnitus by determining whether higher levels of hearing loss can be associated with increased tinnitus-related discomfort. Materials and method: this cross-sectional case study assessed 284 workers exposed to occupational noise through pure tone audiometry. Test results were categorized as defined by Merluzzi. Individuals complaining of tinnitus answered the adapted and validated Brazilian Portuguese version of the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory. A generalized linear model was adjusted for binomial data to test the interaction between these factors. Results: over 60% of the ears analyzed had hearing loss, while more than 46% of them had tinnitus. Tinnitus prevalence and risk rates increased as pure tone audiometry results got worse. The association between both, considering all hearing loss degrees, was statistically significant. Conclusion: the results point to a statistical association between hearing loss and tinnitus; the greater the hearing loss, the greater the discomfort introduced by tinnitus. 2009 © Revista Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia.

Estudo da perda da tensao do enxerto de tendão calcâneo bovino

Lesion of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in the knee is a problem that affects animals as well as humans and may evolve with joint instability that is often symptomatic and incapacitating. The main option for ligament substitution is the autologous tendon graft. The graft undergoes tensioning during ACL reconstructive surgery to reestablish the normal laxity of the ACL- deficient knee. Although graft tensioning plays a fundamental role in postoperative clinical evolution, ideal tensioning levels have not been established in the literature. Therefore, graft elongation that may occur over time is still one of the main reasons for ligament reconstruction failure. In this study, ten bovine calcaneus tendons underwent two successive assays of physiological tensioning for a maximum deformation of 2.5% of the initial tendon length, maintained for 600s with force (N) values recorded at zero time (initial), 300s and 600s. At the end of the first assay, the tendon returned to its initial length and was maintained at rest for 300s and then the next tensioning assay was initiated, repeating the previous procedure. Statistical analysis revealed that tendon elongation is more pronounced during the initial 300s, reflecting a more accentuated decline in the tension values of the graft. Therefore, 300s after tensioning and fixing the graft, the surgeon can assess with more precision if the tensioning level was adequate.

Lipoperoxidação, perda de viabilidade celular e diminuição da liberação de IL-8 de neutrófilos humanos na presença de corpos cetônicos

Type-1 diabetes patients suffer from frequent episodes of acidosis caused by an increased fatty acid metabolism and consequently increased plasma level of acetoacetate (AcAc) and β-hydroxybutyrate (β-HOB). This article describes a study of the effects of pathological concentrations of AcAc and β-HOB on lipoperoxidation, cell viability and the release of the CXCL8 (IL-8) cytokine by activated neutrophils. Neutrophils from healthy donors were isolated by density gradient (Histopaque® 1077/1119) and incubated with the ketone bodies. Lipoperoxidation was determined as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). The cell viability was evaluated by the release of intracellular lactate dehydrogenase. The release of CXCL8 was measured by ELISA in a 24-h culture of opsonized zymosan-stimulated neutrophils. AcAc, but not β-HOB, provoked a dose-dependent increase in the neutrophil membrane lipoperoxidation (p<0.05; r =0.9915). In the cytotoxicity assay, a dose-dependent release of LDH was observed when the neutrophils were incubated with AcAc in concentrations up to 40 mM (p<0.05). β-HOB was devoid of effect. The release of CXCL8 was inhibited by AcAc and β-HOB in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, these results suggest that the accumulation of ketone bodies in diabetic patients could be involved in their usually increased susceptibility to infection.

Evolução da perda de peso entre indivíduos da fila de espera para a cirurgia bariátrica em um ambulatório multidisciplinar de atenção secundária à saúde

Objective: The objective of this study is to characterize the assistance and analyze patient's adherence to nutritional follow-up while in the waiting line for bariatric surgery in a multidisciplinary, secondary healthcare outpatient clinic. Methods: This retrospective study was based on the nutritional records of 59 patients subjected to bariatric surgery at the Hospital das Clinics de Botucatu, from 2001 to 2008. The population studied was distributed into 8 groups and analyzed according to follow-up duration. The analysis took into account the evolution of body weight and the number of follow-up visits in a given period. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare data between groups while Spearman's coefficient was used to test correlations. Results: Among the 59 studied patients, 42 (71.2%) returned to the clinic at least once in six months. Of these, 67.8% lost weight while in the waiting line and 27.1% of them lost more than 10% of their body weight. The greatest weight losses in the preoperative period were found in the groups that had more than six months of nutrition follow-up. There was a mean delay of three months between return visits, which could have contributed to the low adherence to follow-up. Conclusion: The patients in the waiting line for surgery analyzed in this study presented low adherence to the long-spaced return visits. The greatest weight losses were observed in groups that had been followed for more than six months. This shows that, to achieve the desired weight loss and an adequate education process before surgery, at least six months of follow-up and regular visits are necessary.

Efeito da suplementação sobre a digestibilidade dos nutrientes e desempenho de bezerros lactentes mantidos em pastagens de Brachiaria brizantha

This study evaluated the effect of supplementation and the type of supplement on nutrient digestibility and performance of lactating calves fed with Brachiara brizantha cv. Marandu pasture from February to May. The treatments were: supplementation in creep-feeding with protein concentrate, with energy concentrate, with energy-protein concentrate and without concentrate. In a Latin square design, four Canchim calves were kept in individual pens, receiving marandu hay and controlled suckling twice a day. The performance was evaluated in a completely randomized design, with 23 calves kept with the cows. Higher intake and nutrients digestibility (65% of dry mater digestibility) and calf performance (live weight gain of 0.98 kg day-1) were obtained with energyprotein concentrate, and the cows kept weight and body reserves during the experiment. The protein concentrate did not show good results, and was lower than the performance of calves without supplementation - 0.56 and 0.77 kg day-1, respectively. The performance of calves without supplementation was similar to calves receiving energy concentrate, but the cows lost more body weight and energy reserves. The supplementation with energy-protein concentrate for lactating calves fed with Brachiara brizantha cv. Marandu during the beginning of the dry season was benefifical for the performance of calves and cows.

Análise espacial de nutrientes e produção de alface cultivada em ambiente protegido

The objective of this work was to study spatial variability of some chemical soil attributes and lettuce production (total shoot fresh matter mass - MF; commercial shoot fresh matter mass - MFC; commercial shoot dry matter mass - MCS; and head commercial diameter - DCC) offering subsidies to the protected environment mapping in nutrients management areas in lettuce culture aiming for a higher productivity with application of fertilizers. The experiment was conducted in a protective environment (greenhouse) with lettuce irrigated by drip irrigation and sampling grid with 152 points. The special dependence analysis, determined by the variogram, was obtained with the aid of the GS+ Program. Considering the need for crop nutrients through the map obtained for element P (phosphorus) it was possible to establish two distinct areas for the application of this element in plantation fertilization. Through the lettuce yield maps obtained with MFC and DCC attributes was difficult to establish distinct areas for its management with data observed in only one crop cycle. Krigagem has proved useful for mapping the attributes studied.

Determinação da massa seca, teor de nutrientes e cobertura do solo de espécies semeadas no outono-inverno

Culture options for the autumn-winter season are a major problem for production systems under low rainfall. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the sowing season on dry matter yield, nutrient content of the shoot and soil covering percentage of coverage plants on the soil on the intercrop: grain sorghum, rattlepods, pearl millet brachiaria grass and an area with weeds (fallow). The experiment was conducted under field conditions on an Oxisol (Haplustox), clay texture, in Selvíria, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. The experimental design was a randomized block design with eight replications, two sowing seasons and five coverage treatments. When the sorghum culture of the first sowing season reached the harvest stage, the dry matter yield on the other treatments was evaluated. Results showed that sowing in March results in higher dry mass yield and higher soil coverage percentage in the studied species. In the first sowing season, Brachiaria brizantha presents higher dry matter yield and macronutrients extraction.

Nitrogênio, fósforo e potássio na produção de massa seca e no acúmulo de nutrientes em mudas de limeira ácida 'tahiti'

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Perda de carga em mangueiras gotejadoras novas e usadas

This paper aims to determine the importance of emitter ́s local head loss in the hydraulic design of hose drip lines, as well as comparing the result of equations that calculate the local head loss; besides verifying the influence of iron precipitated at the hose head loss made in Brazil. The result found that localized head loss represents 23% of the total head loss; the equations showed significant results and the total head loss increased in an average of 20% after the irrigation system was used with water rich in iron.

Fertilizantes orgânicos e resíduo de bauxita na disponibilidade de nutrientes e nutrição da cana-de- açúcar irrigada com água potável e residuária

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of organic fertilizers (urban solid waste and swine manure) as a source of nutrients and residue from bauxite processing as a corrective of soil acidity, in area cultivated with sugar cane irrigated with potable water and served in the availability of phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and sulfur (S) levels in the soil and plants. For this experiment was carried out in pots, using a Alfisol, assessing the availability of the elements in the 0-20 cm layer and the concentration of these nutrients in the leaves of sugarcane. The data showed that the residues increased the concentrations of Ca and Mg in soil, as the concentration of K was not changed and S was not detected, due to the low concentration in the soil. In the leave +1 of sugarcane the residue of bauxite increased levels of N, P, K, Ca and Mg (15.68, 1.73, 10.43, 3.50 and 1.08 g kg-1, respectively). The application of urban solid waste and swine manure also increased the levels of N, K and Ca (11.56, 9.18 and 2.81 g kg-1, respectively). The quality of irrigation water did not alter the availability of P, K, Ca, Mg and S in the soil as well as the levels of these macronutrients in the plant.

Exportação de nutrientes em plantas de jambu, sob diferentes adubações

The jambu is a broad vegetable consumption in Northern Brazil, especially in Pará, known by the jambu and other common names is native to the Amazon region has been used and cultivated for culinary and also recently in natural medicines by their chemical properties, attributed to the spilanthol compound. Knowing the amount of nutrient uptake in plants, especially at the taken, it is important to evaluate the removal of nutrients necessary for economic fertilizer recommendations. So the goal of this project was to determine the accumulation of nutrients in plants of jambu (leaf and inflorescence) under different fertilizations. The experiment was conducted at São Manuel Experimental Farm UNESP. The statistical was arranged in the randomized block design, in a 2 x 6 factorial scheme, two sources of fertilizers (organic and mineral) and six doses of nitrogen, with four replications. We evaluated the macronutrients of accumulation N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S and micronutrients of accumulation B, Cu, Fe and Zn in leaves and inflorescence. The plants responded more jambu nutrients of translocation phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), sulfhur (S), boron (B), copper (Cu) and iron (Fe) in the inflorescences and phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mg), sulfur (S), boron (B), copper (Cu) and iron (Fe) in leaves to organic fertilization demonstrating the effectiveness of using this source of fertilizer nutrients indicating that this was a defining characteristic in response to the accumulation of nutrients in the leaves and inflorescences jambu. Plants jambu are more responsive to fertilizer for the mineral of translocation nitrogen (N) and manganese (Mn) for both the sheet and for the inflorescences of plants jambu.

Crescimento e acúmulo de nutrientes da cultura do quiabeiro

With the objective to quantify the okra crop's growth and macro and micronutrients accumulation during its life-cycle obtaining equations that best represent it, an experiment was carried out at Jaboticabal city, SP, Brazil, from January 14th to May 14th, 2009. The cv. Santa Cruz 47 was directly sowed into open soil furrows, in a spacing of 1 x 0,2 m. During the life-cycle were realized random samples of plants at 15 days intervals. The means were adjusted to polynomial regression equations set of non-linear parameters. After 50 days from sowing there has been a large increase of dry matter in plant' parts. At the final harvest, 120 days after sowing, the leaves, stems and fruits accounted for 21, 71 and 8%, respectively, from the total plant dry matter. The decreasing sequence of nutrient accumulation was K, Ca, N, Mg, P, Fe, B, Mn, Zn and Cu equivalent to 6,002.8; 4,733.8; 2,930.8; 1,196.3; 473.7; 436.2; 49.8; 10.4; 7.1; 7.1 e 1.5 mg plant-1. The quantity accumulated of culture were 146.5; 23.7; 300.1; 236.7; 59.8 e 21.8 kg ha-1 of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S, respectively, and 520.0; 76.0; 2,491.0; 355.0 e 355.0 de B, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn, respectively.

Produtividade e acúmulo de nutrientes em plantas de jambu, sob adubação orgânica e mineral

The organic production is a system that allows achieving good levels of productivity, while avoiding the risks of chemical contamination of farmers, consumers and the environment. Because jambu plant is widely used as alternative medicine and cosmetics industries, has been increasing interest in its cultivation. The aim of this study was to analyze the biomass, accumulation of nutrient, productivity and determine the pesticide residue in plant jambu when grown under organic and mineral fertilization. The experiment was conducted at the Experimental Farm São Manuel, FCA / UNESP. The experiment was conducted at São Manuel Experimental Farm UNESP. The statistical was arranged in the randomized block design, in a 2 x 6 factorial scheme, two sources of fertilizers (organic and mineral) and six doses of nitrogen, with four replications. The characteristics evaluated were plant height, fresh and dry weight, nutrients of accumulation in shoots and productivity. Mineral fertilizer gave higher biomass, productivity and accumulation of N and K in relation to organic fertilizer used. It is recommended the dose of 90g m -2 of urea as appropriate to obtain these results. However the organic fertilization favored the accumulation of phosphorus in plants jambu in relation the mineral fertilizer, and the dose of 10 kg m-2 of cattle manure recommended to achieve this result in plants jambu. We did not detect the presence of phosphorous and carbamate on leaves of jambu under organic and mineral fertilization. However, we observed the presence of chlorine in the leaves used for the two fertilizations.

Eficiência de utilização de nutrientes por cultivares de batata

The use of cultivars efficient in nutrient use is essential to increase yield and reduce production costs. The objective of this study was to evaluate absorption and nutrients use efficiency on five potato cultivars. The experiment was conduced in Itaí, São Paulo State, Brazil, in winter cropping season of 2008 on Oxisol. The experimental design was randomized blocks with split-plots and four replications. Plots comprised the five potato cultivars and subplots were established by sampling times, performed at planting and every seven days after emergence. At 97 DAP was calculated the nutrients use efficiency for dry matter production and at 122 DAP were calculated the nutrients use efficiency for fresh tuber and tuber dry matter yield. Mondial and Asterix cultivars showed greater dry matter production, higher fresh tubers yield and nutrients accumulation. Nutrients use efficiency for total dry matter and tubers dry matter, was similar among cultivars, but Ágata was more efficient in nutrients use efficiency for fresh tubers yield.

Consumo, digestibilidade aparente de nutrientes e balanços de nitrogênio e hídrico de ovinos alimentados com silagens de cultivares de capim-búfel

The objective of this present experiment was to determine intake and apparent digestibility of dry matter and nutrients, nitrogen (NB) and water balances (WB) of sheep fed with buffel grass silages. The buffel grass cultivars used were Tanzania, Buchuma and Biloela. 21 male, castrated, crossbred Santa Ines x Non defined genotype sheep, with initial body weight of 31.8±3.16kg were used, kept in metabolic cages. The experimental design was completely randomized with seven replicates. No differences were observed in dry matter intake in g/day (919.2) and % of body weight (2.9). In general, digestibility coefficients of dry matter varied from 37.7% to 60.0%. The NB and WB were positive, with higher NB values in sheep fed with Tanzania (5.1g/day) and Biloela (3.9g/day) and higher WB in animals fed with Buchuma (1.38kg/animal/day) and Biloela (1.42kg/animal/day). All cultivars of buffel grass evaluated (Tanzania, Buchuma and Biloela) presented adequate chemical composition, where the silage of buffel grass used corresponded to 60% of the total daily water intake by sheep.