Fatores de risco psicossociais no desempenho profissional em pessoal não docente

Na Europa, desperta-se para a consciencialização e estudo das origens das perturbações psicossociais, diferentemente do que se verifica em Portugal, que não possui nenhuma referência explícita na legislação ao conceito de fatores psicossociais no trabalho. Este estudo pretende colmatar a lacuna existente ao nível da identificação de fatores de risco psicossociais em pessoal não docente tendo como objetivos: identificar situações de risco profissional; caraterizar os efeitos dos riscos psicossociais laborais; identificar medidas preventivas para esses riscos e avaliar os fatores de risco psicossociais em pessoal não docente no distrito de Santarém. O estudo será exploratório e descritivo e a metodologia comporta a aplicação de um questionário de identificação de fatores de risco psicossociais adaptado do FPSICO – Escala de valoración de los riesgos psicosociales do INSHT de Espanha e entrevistas semi-estruturadas. Após a análise dos resultados, pretende-se contribuir para a diminuição das baixas médicas e, consequentemente, dos custos para as organizações e para o indivíduo exposto aos riscos psicossociais. - The awareness and study of psychosocial disturbances origins are increasing in Europe, differently to what happens in Portugal, which has no explicit reference in legislation to the concept of psychosocial factors at work. This study addresses the gap of psychosocial risk factors identification in non-teaching staff, with the following objectives: identify risk situations; characterize the effects of psychosocial risks at work; identify preventive measures for these risks; and evaluate the non-teaching staff psychosocial risk factors, in Santarém District. The study is exploratory and descriptive and the methodology involves the application of a psychosocial risk factors identification questionnaire adapted from FPSICO – Escala de valoración de los riesgos psicosociales of INSHT from Spain, and semi-structured interviews. The analysis of results aims contributing to the reduction of sick leave and, consequently, decreasing medical costs both to employers and to individuals exposed to psychosocial risks.

Relação dos acidentes de trabalho com o efetivo laboral e com as horas trabalhadas

O presente artigo teve como base um trabalho do Mestrado em Gestão da Prevenção de Riscos Laborais, que consistiu na conceção um artigo científico, em grupo, em 4 horas. O estudo efetuado teve como objetivo evidenciar a relação dos acidentes de trabalho com o efetivo laboral e com as horas trabalhadas. A metodologia consistiu em aplicar tratamento estatístico descritivo sobre os dados dos acidentes de trabalho com baixa médica, do efetivo médio laboral e das horas trabalhadas, de uma empresa nacional de grande dimensão, entre 1993 e 2011. Os resultados revelaram uma tendência de redução dos acidentes de trabalho coincidente com a diminuição do efetivo laboral, assim como uma tendência de redução dos acidentes de trabalho coincidente com a diminuição das horas trabalhadas. Verificou-se ainda que, durante esse período de dezanove anos, os acidentes de trabalho decresceram mais rapidamente que o efetivo médio e especulou-se que esse resultado fosse devido a uma tendência de fundo de redução dos acidentes com duas décadas de aplicação do Direito Comunitário transposto. Mesmo sem tratamento estatístico inferencial, os resultados obtidos sugeriram associações diretas do número de acidentes de trabalho com o efetivo laboral e com as horas trabalhadas. - This article was based on an class exercise of Master in Management of Occupational Risk Prevention, which consisted in the making of a scientific paper, in 4 hours. The study aimed to point out the associations between occupational accidents and number of employees, as well as between occupational accidents and hours worked. The methodology consisted of applying descriptive statistics to analyze data on occupational accidents with sick leave, the average workforce and hours worked, in a large national enterprise, between 1993 and 2011. The results showed a decreasing trend regarding occupational accidents coincident with the reduction of workforce, as well as a decreasing trend regarding occupational accidents coincident with the reduction of hours worked. It was also found that, during this period of nineteen years, occupational accidents have decreased faster than the average workforce, which led to speculate that this result was due to a tendency to reduce accidents thanks to the national application of European Community law, during the past two decades. Even without using inferential statistics, the results suggest a direct association between the number of occupational accidents and number of employees, and also a direct association of number of occupational accidents with hours worked.

Satisfação dos profissionais docentes da escola Conde de Oeiras

O interesse e a escolha do tema satisfação dos profissionais docentes acontece porque a satisfação profissional influencia por um lado o trabalhador ao nível da saúde e bem-estar, e por outro a organização, uma vez que associados à satisfação estão aspectos tão importantes como eficácia, produtividade, clima e abandono. No caso dos professores, o mal-estar vai afectar não só os docentes como também os alunos, influenciando assim negativamente o processo de ensino-aprendizagem. O objectivo deste estudo consiste em identificar quais os factores que contribuem para a satisfação e insatisfação dos professores da Escola Conde de Oeiras, analisando também a influencia de variáveis sócio-demográficas como os anos de experiencia e o ciclo de ensino leccionado. Para tal foram utilizados os seguintes instrumentos: - o Questionário de Satisfação Profissional dos Professores (TJSQ); - e o Questionário de Satisfação Geral no Trabalho. Através dos resultados obtidos é possível concluir que, de uma forma geral os professores desta escola se encontram satisfeitos face à sua actividade profissional e que não a desejam abandonar, no entanto na dimensão recompensas pessoais existe algum mal-estar, confirmando assim a teoria de Herzeberg que afirma, que a insatisfação dos professores decorre de motivos sócio-políticos.

As migrações : uma leitura política e uma visão humanista

Ao ter como base geral de pesquisa – A Europa diante do fenómeno migratório - a procura de uma nova Humanização – o objectivo deste trabalho consistiu na análise de algumas formas de manifestação e do impacto deste fenómeno nas sociedades democráticas inseridas nesse espaço. A consciência que as migrações têm seguido a história do mundo e as civilizações e que a sua análise permite avaliar o destino de seres humanos que partem em busca de soluções para as suas vidas. A convicção que a configuração das migrações tem um amplo significado social, cultural e económico e que uma política de imigração fechada, repressiva ou redutora do seu verdadeiro significado pode dividir a Humanidade. O receio que gera a continuidade de uma visão unilateral do Mundo e o esquecimento das condições existenciais difíceis de alguns países de emigração. A renúncia de alguns em escutar um discurso carecido de autenticidade e em apoiar um diálogo comprometido com alguns pressupostos ideológicos pouco claros. O desejo de participar na denúncia da propagação de atitudes facilitadoras dos sentimentos racistas e xenófobos. O repúdio pelo desnorteamento ontológico traduzido pela defesa de certas atitudes persecutórias infringidas aos imigrantes clandestinos. A adopção de uma política basicamente norteada pelo controlo das fronteiras e pela exploração económica dos imigrantes. A indignação pelo esquecimento ou negligência na vigilância e aplicação dos direitos fundamentais, em concreto, o direito ao uso da liberdade, a uma vida familiar normal, situações que lesam muitos. Foram, em suma, as razões que motivaram o trabalho. Porque, igualmente o exercício da cidadania e a inserção num espaço mundial em transformação requerem a actualização da leitura das relações dos homens entre eles e com as formas espaciais; porque o papel dos imigrantes na economia contemporânea é sentido como algo fundamental, e também a importância do seu lugar na estratégia de um desenvolvimento sustentável deve ser demonstrada e respeitada, desejou-se partilhar com outros a oportunidade de defender a participação colectiva sob princípios e premissas mais humanistas, e considerados fundamentais, para a construção de uma política de imigração digna, mais abrangente e indutora de pontes abertas e não de áreas amuralhadas.

A rua reconstruída: qualificação do espaço intersticial em habitação colectiva

O facto de existir uma disfuncionalidade entre o espaço e/ou tempo de socialização num contexto citadino levou-me a tentar perceber de que forma é que este desfasamento poderia ser uma consequência directa de um planeamento menos conseguido, onde não existem espaços com uma escala capaz de mediar a cidade e o Homem. Com o desígnio de reconciliar estas duas entidades, optei por centrar a minha investigação num espaço que articula a cidade, materializada pela rua, com o Homem, metaforizado pelo apartamento. Tratando-se portanto, do Espaço Intersticial em Habitação Colectiva (EIeHC). O objectivo de estudo deste trabalho consiste em compreender o EIeHC. Correspondendo o EIeHC, ao espaço, dos edifícios de habitação multi-familiares urbanos, que liga os fogos à via pública. Com esta investigação interessava-me perceber de que forma este espaço poderia ser qualificado com o propósito de estabelecer uma relação de mediação entre cidadão e cidade, passível de ser apropriada e vivida. Mais do que a criação de zonas residuais, interessava-me desenvolver um núcleo habitacional, habitável, capaz de promover a interacção e a cooperação entre vizinhos.

To think museology today

In the present text we intend to analyse 5 basic documents that translate the Museological Thinking in our century and that, chiefly, have led professionals of the area to apply this “science” in a less hermetic way and to understand its practice. The option to study and analyse the documents results from the fact that they influence present day museological practice and thinking. It is impossible to speak of museology nowadays without referring to one of these documents, not to mention a few nations that have even modified and/or created specific laws for the management of their preservationist cultural policy. Anyway, we are aware that this text intends only to carry out a preliminary approach to the documents, in the sense that the wealth of its content would allow us to slowx over an infinity of issues that they raise. I specifically refer to the documents produced at UNESCO Regional Seminar on the Role of Museums in Education, which took place in Rio de Janeiro in 1958; at the Santiago Round Table in 1972, in Chile; at the 1rst New Museology International Workshop, in Quebec, Canada, 1984; at the Oaxtepec Meeting, in Mexico 1984; and at the Caracas Meeting in 1992. These are documents elaborated within the ICOM –International Council of Museums. These documents are the result of a joint reflection by professionals who seek the evolution of ideas within their areas of action, recognising that in order to do so it is necessary to leave the cocoon of the museological institutions and try to discuss their conceptual advances with professionals of related areas. It is important to be capacitated to reuse these advances in their areas of action. This is the recognition of the importance of interdisciplinarity for the museological context.

Avaliação das propriedades sensoriais de uma formulação cosmética contendo óleo de café verde

O óleo de café verde (OCV) é um ingrediente bastante conhecido com propriedades cosméticas como: manter a hidratação da pele, melhorar o fator de proteção solar e manter a função barreira da pele. Assim, o objectivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influência da adição de uma quantidade considerável de OCV (15%) nas propriedades sensoriais de uma formulação cosmética. O painel sensorial consistiu de 19 voluntários com idades entre 19 e 43 anos. Os atributos sensoriais foram avaliadas em uma região definida de 25 cm2 na parte interna do antebraço. Os voluntários foram instruídos a avaliar as propriedades sensoriais que eles sentiam para cada formulação imediatamente e 5 minutos após a aplicação. As formulações mostraram quase a mesma percepção entre os voluntários. A maioria dos voluntários percebeu a pele suave e hidratada após a aplicação das formulações. No entanto, a percepção de um resíduo oleoso sobre a pele foi o principal efeito da formulação contendo OCV. Assim, podemos concluir que a quantidade total de OCV utilizado mostrou propriedades interessantes para aplicação em peles secas ou cremes noturnos, uma vez que foi capaz de deixar uma película oleosa sobre a pele.

Estudo das associações significativas e fortes dos acidentes de trabalho com o efetivo laboral e com as horas trabalhadas

O presente artigo teve como base uma aula de mestrado, em laboratório de estatística, para posterior conceção de um artigo científico, em grupo, em 4 horas. Teve como objeto de estudo a variação dos acidentes de trabalho com o efetivo laboral, com as horas trabalhadas, com a duração média da jornada de trabalho. O objetivo científico foi pesquisar correlações entre variáveis. O objetivo didático foi demonstrar os passos do método científico e o objetivo pedagógico foi quebrar preconceitos sobre a dificuldade de produzir trabalho científico. Partindo de uma sumária revisão da literatura, colocaram-se hipóteses de investigação e prosseguiu-se para tratamento estatístico inferencial sobre os dados dos acidentes de trabalho com baixa médica, do efetivo médio laboral, das horas trabalhadas e da duração da jornada média de trabalho, de uma grande empresa, durante 20 anos consecutivos. Os resultados revelaram uma associação direta, estatisticamente significativa e forte, dos acidentes de trabalho às horas trabalhadas e ao efetivo. No caso da associação dos acidentes à duração média da jornada de trabalho, a associação é estatisticamente significativa, mas de intensidade moderada. Este ensaio permitiu também intrapolar e extrapolar, com reservas, os acidentes esperados em função de uma dada carga de trabalho. As competências desenvolvidas neste trabalho revelaram-se úteis para a produção de conhecimento científico, em geral, e para gestão da prevenção dos riscos laborais, em particular. / This article was based on a master class, in statistical laboratory, of 4 hours, for subsequent group production of a scientific paper. The object of study was the variation of occupational accidents with number of employees and with hours worked, as well as with the average duration of the workday. The scientific objective has been researching correlations between variables. The learning objective was to demonstrate the steps of the scientific method, and the educational objective was to break down prejudices about the difficulty of making scientific research. Starting from a brief literature review on the subject, research hypotheses were formulated. Then, it was done inferential statistics of data regarding occupational accidents with sick leave, average number of employees, hours worked per year, and average duration of the workday, of a large enterprise, during 20 years in a row. Results revealed that there is statistically significant and strong direct association between occupational accidents and hours worked, as well as between occupational accidents and number of employees. In the case of the association of accidents to the average duration of the workday, identical data analysis revealed this association is statistically significant, but of moderate intensity. This essay also enabled to interpolate and extrapolate, with proper caution, the accidents expected to occur in a given workload. The skills developed from this research proved to be useful to create scientific knowledge, as well as to manage labour risk prevention.

Motivaciones económicas en la manumisión de esclavas: una comparación entre ciudades de América Latina (Estudios)

La manumisión esclava fue una característica estructural de la sociedad colonial latinoamericana. Sin embargo, esto no quiere decir que todos, o que la mayoría,de los esclavos consiguieran salir del cautiverio. Solo un pequeño porcentaje logró terminar sus días como libre. En ese porcentaje la mayoría fueron mujeres. Desde las grandes regiones esclavistas hasta las periféricas, y desde el comienzo de la era colonial hasta la emancipación total, siempre las mujeres se manumitieron proporcionalmente más que los hombres. Este artículo propone como hipótesis parcial de tal fenómeno que las esclavas se manumitieron más porque contaban con una exención fiscal que no tenían los hombres. Para demostrar tal cosa, se enfatiza en que la familia esclava era la que tomaba la decisión de a quién manumitir y que la libertad era más una estrategia que un objetivo.

Global Acceleration and Dispossesion: Regression in the Right to Life and Public Health during Ecuador’s Neoliberal Decades

The present essay’s central argument or hypothesis is, consequently, that the mechanisms accelerating a wealth concentrating and exclusionary economy centred on the benefit and overprotection of big business—with a corresponding plundering of resources that are vital for life—generated forms of loss and regression in the right to healthcare and the dismantling of institutional protections. These are all expressed in indicators from 1990-2005, which point not only to the deterioration of healthcare programs and services but also to the undermining of the general conditions of life (social reproduction) and, in contrast to the reports and predictions of the era’s governments, a stagnation or deterioration in health indicators, especially for those most sensitive to the crisis. The present study’s argument is linked together across distinct chapters. First, we undertake the necessary clarification of the categories central to the understanding of a complex issue; clarifying the concept of health itself and its determinants, emphasizing the necessity of taking on an integral understanding as a fundamental prerequisite to unravelling what documents and reports from this era either leave unsaid or distort. Based on that analysis, we will explain the harmful effects of global economic acceleration, the monopolization and pillaging of strategic healthcare goods; not only those which directly place obstacles on the access to health services, but also those like the destructuration of small economies, linked to the impoverishment and worsening of living modes. Thinking epidemiologically, we intend to show signs of the deterioration of broad collectivities’ ways of life as a result of the mechanisms of acceleration and pillage. We will then collect disparate evidence of the deterioration of human health and ecosystems to, finally, establish the most urgent conclusions about this unfortunate period of our social and medical history.

The relationship between diffuse spectral reflectance of the soil and its cation exchange capacity is scale-dependent

Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) is increasingly being used to predict numerous soil physical, chemical and biochemical properties. However, soil properties and processes vary at different scales and, as a result, relationships between soil properties often depend on scale. In this paper we report on how the relationship between one such property, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and the DRS of the soil depends on spatial scale. We show this by means of a nested analysis of covariance of soils sampled on a balanced nested design in a 16 km × 16 km area in eastern England. We used principal components analysis on the DRS to obtain a reduced number of variables while retaining key variation. The first principal component accounted for 99.8% of the total variance, the second for 0.14%. Nested analysis of the variation in the CEC and the two principal components showed that the substantial variance components are at the > 2000-m scale. This is probably the result of differences in soil composition due to parent material. We then developed a model to predict CEC from the DRS and used partial least squares (PLS) regression do to so. Leave-one-out cross-validation results suggested a reasonable predictive capability (R2 = 0.71 and RMSE = 0.048 molc kg− 1). However, the results from the independent validation were not as good, with R2 = 0.27, RMSE = 0.056 molc kg− 1 and an overall correlation of 0.52. This would indicate that DRS may not be useful for predictions of CEC. When we applied the analysis of covariance between predicted and observed we found significant scale-dependent correlations at scales of 50 and 500 m (0.82 and 0.73 respectively). DRS measurements can therefore be useful to predict CEC if predictions are required, for example, at the field scale (50 m). This study illustrates that the relationship between DRS and soil properties is scale-dependent and that this scale dependency has important consequences for prediction of soil properties from DRS data

Patterns of pollen and seed dispersal in a small, fragmented population of the wind-pollinated tree Araucaria angustifolia in southern Brazil

Paternity analysis based on eight microsatellite loci was used to investigate pollen and seed dispersal patterns of the dioecious wind- pollinated tree, Araucaria angustifolia. The study sites were a 5.4 ha isolated forest fragment and a small tree group situated 1.7 km away, located in Paran alpha State, Brazil. In the forest fragment, 121 males, 99 females, 66 seedlings and 92 juveniles were mapped and genotyped, together with 210 seeds. In the tree group, nine male and two female adults were mapped and genotyped, together with 20 seeds. Paternity analysis within the forest fragment indicated that at least 4% of the seeds, 3% of the seedlings and 7% of the juveniles were fertilized by pollen from trees in the adjacent group, and 6% of the seeds were fertilized by pollen from trees outside these stands. The average pollination distance within the forest fragment was 83 m; when the tree group was included the pollination distance was 2006m. The average number of effective pollen donors was estimated as 12.6. Mother- trees within the fragment could be assigned to all seedlings and juveniles, suggesting an absence of seed immigration. The distance of seedlings and juveniles from their assigned mother- trees ranged from 0.35 to 291m ( with an average of 83m). Significant spatial genetic structure among adult trees, seedlings, and juveniles was detected up to 50m, indicating seed dispersal over a short distance. The effective pollination neighborhood ranged from 0.4 to 3.3 ha. The results suggest that seed dispersal is restricted but that there is longdistance pollen dispersal between the forest fragment and the tree group; thus, the two stands of trees are not isolated.

Earthworms produce granules of intricately zoned calcite

Earthworms of the family Lumbricidae, which includes many common species, produce and secrete up to millimeter-sized calcite granules, and the intricate fine-scale zoning of their constituent crystals is unique for a biomineral. Granule calcite is produced by crystallization of amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) that initially precipitates within the earthworm calciferous glands, then forms protogranules by accretion on quartz grain cores. Crystallization of ACC is mediated by migrating fluid films and is largely complete within 24 11 of ACC production and before granules leave the earthworm. Variations in the density of defects formed as a byproduct of trace element incorporation during calcite crystall growth have generated zoning that can be resolved by cathodoluminescence imaging at ultraviolet to blue wavelengths and using the novel technique of scanning electron microscope charge contrast imaging. Mapping of calcite crystal orientations by electron backscatter diffraction reveals an approximate radial fabric to the granules that reflects crystal growth from internal nucleation sites toward their margins. The survival within granules of ACC inclusions for months after they enter soils indicates that they crystallize only within the earthworm and in the presence of fluids containing biochemical catalysts. The earthworm probably promotes crystallization of ACC in order to prevent remobilization of the calcium carbonate by dissolution. Calcite granules vividly illustrate the role of transient precursors in biomineralization, but the underlying question of why earth-worms produce granules in volumes sufficient to have a measurable impact on soil carbon cycling remains to be answered.

Mesozoic climates: General circulation models and the rock record

General circulation models (GCMs) use the laws of physics and an understanding of past geography to simulate climatic responses. They are objective in character. However, they tend to require powerful computers to handle vast numbers of calculations. Nevertheless, it is now possible to compare results from different GCMs for a range of times and over a wide range of parameterisations for the past, present and future (e.g. in terms of predictions of surface air temperature, surface moisture, precipitation, etc.). GCMs are currently producing simulated climate predictions for the Mesozoic, which compare favourably with the distributions of climatically sensitive facies (e.g. coals, evaporites and palaeosols). They can be used effectively in the prediction of oceanic upwelling sites and the distribution of petroleum source rocks and phosphorites. Models also produce evaluations of other parameters that do not leave a geological record (e.g. cloud cover, snow cover) and equivocal phenomena such as storminess. Parameterisation of sub-grid scale processes is the main weakness in GCMs (e.g. land surfaces, convection, cloud behaviour) and model output for continental interiors is still too cold in winter by comparison with palaeontological data. The sedimentary and palaeontological record provides an important way that GCMs may themselves be evaluated and this is important because the same GCMs are being used currently to predict possible changes in future climate. The Mesozoic Earth was, by comparison with the present, an alien world, as we illustrate here by reference to late Triassic, late Jurassic and late Cretaceous simulations. Dense forests grew close to both poles but experienced months-long daylight in warm summers and months-long darkness in cold snowy winters. Ocean depths were warm (8 degrees C or more to the ocean floor) and reefs, with corals, grew 10 degrees of latitude further north and south than at the present time. The whole Earth was warmer than now by 6 degrees C or more, giving more atmospheric humidity and a greatly enhanced hydrological cycle. Much of the rainfall was predominantly convective in character, often focused over the oceans and leaving major desert expanses on the continental areas. Polar ice sheets are unlikely to have been present because of the high summer temperatures achieved. The model indicates extensive sea ice in the nearly enclosed Arctic seaway through a large portion of the year during the late Cretaceous, and the possibility of sea ice in adjacent parts of the Midwest Seaway over North America. The Triassic world was a predominantly warm world, the model output for evaporation and precipitation conforming well with the known distributions of evaporites, calcretes and other climatically sensitive facies for that time. The message from the geological record is clear. Through the Phanerozoic, Earth's climate has changed significantly, both on a variety of time scales and over a range of climatic states, usually baldly referred to as "greenhouse" and "icehouse", although these terms disguise more subtle states between these extremes. Any notion that the climate can remain constant for the convenience of one species of anthropoid is a delusion (although the recent rate of climatic change is exceptional). (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The Structure and implications of children's attitudes to school

The paper reports a study of children's attitudes to school based on a questionnaire survey of 845 pupils in their first year of secondary school in England, together with interviews with a sample of the children. A clearly structured set of attitudes emerged from a factor analysis which showed a distinction between instrumental and affective aspects of attitudes but also dimensions within these, including a sense of teacher commitment and school as a difficult environment. Virtually all children had a strong sense of the importance of doing well at school. However, a substantial minority were not sure that they would stay on after 16. There were few differences between boys and girls or between children from different socio-economic backgrounds but children planning to leave at 16 enjoyed school less and were less sure that it had anything to offer them. There was an almost universal commitment to the value of education but, for a minority, an ambivalence about the experience and relevance of schooling for them.