792 resultados para incident reporting


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Sex and gender differences influence the health and wellbeing of men and women. Although studies have drawn attention to observed differences between women and men across diseases, remarkably little research has been pursued to systematically investigate these underlying sex differences. Women continue to be underrepresented in clinical trials, and even in studies in which both men and women participate, systematic analysis of data to identify potential sex-based differences is lacking. Standards for reporting of clinical trials have been established to ensure provision of complete, transparent and critical information. An important step in addressing the gender imbalance would be inclusion of a gender perspective in the next Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) guideline revision. Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals, as a set of well-recognized and widely used guidelines for authors and biomedical journals, should similarly emphasize the ethical obligation of authors to present data analyzed by gender as a matter of routine. Journal editors are also promoters of ethical research and adequate standards of reporting, and requirements for inclusion of gender analyses should be integrated into editorial policies as a matter of urgency.

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In Spain, in 2013, the 20% of women who were murdered by their partner had reported him previously. We analyze the 2011 Spanish-Macrosurvey on Gender Violence to identify and analyze the prevalence of and the principal factors associated with reporting a situation of intimate partner violence (IPV) and the main reasons women cite for not filing such reports, or for subsequently deciding to withdraw their complaint. Overall, 72.8% of women exposed to IPV did not report their aggressor. The most frequent reasons for not reporting were not giving importance to the situation (33.9%), and fear and lack of trust in the reporting process (21.3%). The main reasons for withdrawing the complaint were cessation of the violence (20.0%), and fear and threats (18.2%). The probability of reporting increased among women with young children who were abused, prevalence ratio (95% confidence interval [CI]): 2.14 [1.54, 2.98], and those whose mother was abused, prevalence ratio (95% CI): 2.25 [1.42, 3.57]. Always focusing on the need to protect women who report abuse, it is necessary to promote the availability of and access to legal resources especially among women who use them less: women who do not have children and women who do not have previous family exposure to violence.

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Criticisms are often voiced at the fact that there is no well-informed European public. However, as the process of European integration has advanced, the media have been devoting more resources and space to the coverage of European affairs. At the same time, the national media have gone from being mere transmitters of information to having their own voice on European issues. In this respect, the media have emerged as actors capable of influencing the opinions of citizens, thereby contributing to the emergence of a European public sphere. The present study analyzes whether a Europeanization of the national media has taken place by studying how national newspapers provide information in Europe and whether a European public sphere is emerging. The results reveal that some European topics have experienced a certain Europeanization, but there is still an absence of European debate in the respective national public spheres.

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This report discusses how the current EU credit reporting systems meet the demands of the different stakeholders in the credit granting and management process, and what is needed to improve these systems. As credit reporting is a tool for responsible lending and for ensuring financial inclusion of consumers, it argues that the needs of EU credit markets and consumers should be the basis for assessing the current regulation and its functionality. How a creditor assesses the risk and the creditworthiness of a customer is at the core of successful and safe crediting. Facilitating this assessment process, within the boundaries of data protection laws, is a key building block for making well-informed credit decisions.

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-tabletutorial- illustrates how Stata can be used to export statistical results and generate customized reports. Part 1 explains how results from Stata routines can be accessed and how they can be exported using the -file- comand or a wrapper such as, e.g., -mat2txt-. Part 2 shows how model estimation results can be archived using -estwrite- and how models can be tabulated and exported to LaTeX, MS Excel, or MS Word using -estout-. Part 3 illustrates how to set up automatic reports in LaTeX or MS Word. The tutorial is based on a talk given at CEPS/INSTEAD in Luxembourg in October 2008. After install, type -help tabletutorial- to start the tutorial (in Stata 8, type -whelp tabletutorial-). The -mat2txt-, -estwrite-, and -estout- packages, also available from SSC, are required to run the examples.

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BACKGROUND  Hepatitis-B virus (HBV) has a detrimental effect on HIV natural course, and HBV vaccination is less effective in the HIV infected. We examine the protective effect of dually active antiretroviral therapy (DAART) for HIV/HBV (Tenofovir/Lamivudine/Emtricitabine) in a large cohort encompassing heterosexuals, men-who-have-sex-with-men (MSM), and intravenous drug users (IDU), who are HIV-infected yet susceptible to HBV, with comprehensive follow-up data about risky behavior and immunological profile. METHODS  We defined an incident HBV infection as the presence of any of HBV serological markers (HBsAg/AntiHBc/HBV-DNA) following a negative baseline AntiHBc test. Patients with positive AntiHBs were excluded. Cox proportional hazard models were utilized, with an incident case of HBV infection as the outcome variable. RESULTS  We analyzed 1,716 eligible patients from the Swiss HIV Cohort Study with 177 incident HBV cases. DAART was negatively associated with incident HBV infection (hazard ratio 0.4, 95%CI 0.2-0.6). This protective association was robust to adjustment (0.3, 0.2-0.5) for condomless sex, √CD4 count, drug use, and patients' demographics. Condomless sex (1.9,1.4-2.6), belonging to MSM (2.7,1.7-4.2) or IDU (3.8,2.4-6.1) were all associated with higher HBV hazard. CONCLUSIONS  Our study suggests that DAART, independently of CD4 count and risky behavior, has a potentially strong public health impact including pre-exposure prophylaxis of HBV co-infection.