908 resultados para donating money
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Treball de recerca realitzat per alumnes d'ensenyament secundari i guardonat amb un Premi CIRIT per fomentar l'esperit científic del Jovent l'any 2009. Aquest treball intenta resoldre la qüestió de si l'energia solar arribarà a ser una energia alternativa que esdevingui un substitut del petroli en el futur. Aquest projecte informa de totes les característiques i propietats de les plaques solars, explicant els avantatges que fan que sigui un recurs energètic molt net, segur i, encara que en un principi es pugui veure car, finalment arriba a amortitzar el preu inicial fins aconseguir un estalvi monetari, que és el que atreu al màxim de compradors. El projecte parla de les característiques de les plaques solars fotovoltaiques explicant així tots els materials pels quals és formada, la seva estructura per capes i el procés de transformació de llum en electricitat. Conté, també, una part pràctica extensa i elaborada: s'ha demanat a diversos ciutadans, sobretot de Cerdanyola del Vallès i també de Barcelona, sobre el tipus de contacte que tenen amb aquesta energia renovable i si no és així, saber quin altre tipus de font energètica utilitzen. També conté una entrevista a un professional del món de l'energia solar. I, finalment, s'ha realitzat el disseny, muntatge i funcionament d'un cotxe elèctric solar.
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This paper analyzes the role of standing facilities in the determination of the demand for reserves in the overnight money market. In particular, we study how the asymmetric nature of the deposit and lending facilities could be used as a powerful policy tool for the simultaneous control of prices and quantities in the market for daily funds.
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Rekapitulation der Thesen und Ergebnisse In den nachfolgenden Abschnitten werden zur besseren Übersicht nochmals die zentralen Gesichtspunkte der Untersuchung und der wichtigsten Resultate zusammengefasst Zum Schluss werden die Untersuchungsergebnisse noch unter dem Blickwinkel ihrer praktischen Konsequenzen für die Umsetzung einzelner drogenpolitischer Zielsetzungen ausgewertet und die Problembereiche identifiziert, welche zusätzliche Forschungsanstrengungen erforderlich machen A Theoriebildung und Forschungsansatz Die Untersuchung verwendet einen multimodalen methodischen Ansatz (direkte Befragung Strafaktenanalyse und Auswertung amtlicher Statistiken) zur Analyse typischer Anpassungsmechanismen und konkreter Handlungsstrategien als Reaktion auf den behördliche Repression des lokalen Drogenmarktgeschehens Sie fokussiert auf den Kreis regelmäßiger Heroin und/oder Kokainkonsumenten die sich zeitweilig an bekannten Treffpunkten der sogenannten <
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For economic reasons, the tendency in western communities is to simplify the investigations for a given pathology. This case is typically the one where some more money has to be invested to achieve the correct diagnosis.
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El Consorci de Biblioteques Universitàries de Catalunya (CBUC) va ser creat el 1996 amb l'objectiu de fer i mantenir el catàleg col·lectiu de les universitats de Catalunya (CCUC) però aviat va ampliar les seves activitats amb el préstec interbibliotecari i les compres conjuntes d'informació electrònica. Aquesta darrera activitat va iniciar-se a finals de 1997 quan el CBUC va presentar als vicerectors de recerca de les universitats públiques de Catalunya el projecte de comprar bases de dades de manera consorciada. Aquests van estar-hi d'acord i van manifestar el seu interès de que en les compres conjuntes també s'incloguessin revistes electròniques. El CBUC va decidir englobar aquestes activitats sota el nom Biblioteca Digital de Catalunya (BDC) la qual naixia amb la "finalitat de proporcionar un conjunt nuclear comú d'informació electrònica per a la totalitat dels usuaris de les biblioteques del CBUC". A finals de 1998 el projecte de la BDC es va presentar a la Generalitat de Catalunya i es va obtenir un finançament per al projecte que cobria el període 1999-2001. Des de llavors la BDC ha passat per almenys tres fases: Una de formació, 1999-2001, que es va iniciar amb un ajut del llavors Departament d'Universitats, Recerca i Societat de la Informació (DURSI) de la Generalitat de Catalunya, ajut que es va traduir en una inversió de 180.000€/any i que va permetre l'inici de subscripcions conjuntes, principalment bases de dades. Una de creixement, 2002-2004, realitzada a partir d'un increment de l'ajut del DURSI, ajut que s'usa com a "capital llavor" per subscriure de forma especial revistes. En aquest moment la BDC s'amplia a universitats no membres del CBUC. Una d'estabilització, 2005-2009, en la que s'han fet algunes compres per a una part de les universitats (i no per a totes com fins llavors) i s'han iniciat alguns intents d'estendre la BDC a altres institucions de recerca. L'article caracteritza les diferents fases i mostra les causes de la seva evolució. Finalment, s'exposen els principals assoliments de la BDC així com els reptes de futur més immediats.
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Els business angels són persones físiques que inverteixen una part dels seus diners en empreses joves, tot just acabades de crear, en alguns casos fins i tot ajuden a crear-les. El nom d’àngels té el seu origen en els rics filantrops de Nova York que finançaven les obres que s’estrenaven a Broadway. Aquests filantrops invertien els seus diners en una obra de teatre, pel plaer de contribuir a la cultura, molt sovint no arribaven a recuperar mai aquests diners. Els business angels, no són filantrops, inverteixen esperant guanyar diners, però al igual que els àngels de Broadway, els mou alguna cosa més que els diners, ja que està àmpliament documentat que darrera d’aquestes inversions hi ha també raons no financeres, com ara fomentar l’esperit emprenedor o fins i tot la cerca de diversió. Podríem dir que el terme “business angel” es va encunyar a principis dels 80 als EUA, per tant aviat farà 30 anys, no obstant, encara avui, la majoria de catalans no coneixen el significat d’aquest terme. A Catalunya i Espanya anem terriblement retardats en l’estudi i la promoció d’aquesta figura en relació a països com els EUA i el Regne Unit, però també massa enrera en relació a països com Finlàndia, Suècia, Noruega i Alemanya. L’objectiu d’aquest treball és doncs oferir una complerta aproximació a aquesta figura del business angel, una figura que entenem clau en el desenvolupament empresarial i per tant una figura que cal potenciar a tots els nivells. Per tal de contextualitzar aquesta important figura, el treball parteix de l’anàlisi de la relació existent entre emprenedoria i creixement econòmic, s’endinsa després en el capital risc, per presentar finalment qui és i que fa el business angel. El treball intenta també mostrar l’abús d’usos i la inconsistència de les definicions que es donen del terme “business angel” i per tant la gran confusió que tot això genera.
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Schistosomiasis control was impossible without effective tools. Synthetic molluscicides developed in the 1950s spearheaded community level control. Snail eradication proved impossible but repeated mollusciciding to manage natural snail populations could eliminate transmission. Escalating costs, logistical complexity, its labour-intensive nature and possible environmental effects caused some concern. The arrival of safe, effective, single-dose drugs in the 1970s offered an apparently better alternative but experience revealed the need for repeated treatments to minimise reinfection in programmes relying on drugs alone. Combining treatment with mollusciciding was more successful, but broke down if mollusciciding was withdrawn to save money. The provision of sanitation and safe water to prevent transmission is too expensive in poor rural areas where schistosomiasis is endemic; rendering ineffective public health education linked to primary health care. In the tropics, moreover, children (the key group in maintaining transmission) will always play in water. Large scale destruction of natural snail habitats remains impossibly expensive (although proper design could render many new man-made habitats unsuitable for snails). Neither biological control agents nor plant molluscicides have proved satisfactory alternatives to synthetic molluscicides. Biologists can develop effective strategies for using synthetic molluscicides in different epidemiological situations if only, like drugs, their price can be reduced.
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Characterisation of nanoparticles (NP) based on size distribution, surface area, reactivity, and aggregation status of nanoparticles (NP) are of prime importance because they are usually closely related to toxicity. To date, most of the toxicity studies are quite time and money consuming. In the present study we report the oxidative properties of a panel of various NP (four Carbonaceous, nine Metal oxides, and one Metal as showed in Table 1) assessed with an acellular reactivity test measuring dithiothreitol (DTT) consumption (Sauvain et al. 2008). Such a test allows determining the ability of NP to catalyse the transfer of electrons from DTT to oxygen. DTT is used as a reductant species. NP were diluted and sonicated in Tween 80® to a final concentration of 50 g/mL. Printex 90 was diluted 5 times before doing the DTT assay because of its expected higher activity. Suspensions were characterised for NP size distribution by Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (Nanosight©). Fresh solutions were incubated with DTT (100 μM). Aliquots were taken every 5 min and the remaining DTT was determined by reacting it with DTNB. The reaction rate was determined for NP suspensions and blank in parallel. The mean Brownian size distribution of NP agglomerates in suspension is presented in Table 1. D values correspond to 10th, and 50th percentiles of the particle diameters. All the NP agglomerated in Tween 80 with a D50 size corresponding to at least twice their primary size, except for Al2O3 (300 nm). The DTT test showed Printex 90 sample to be the most reactive one, followed by Diesel EPA and Nanotubes. Most of the metallic NP was nonresponding toward this test, except for NiO and Ag which reacted positively and ZnO which presented the most negative reactivity (see Figure 1). This last observation suggests that electron transfer between DTT and oxygen is hindered in presence of ZnO compared with the blank. Such "stabilization" could be attributable to ZnO dissolution and complexation between Zn2+ ions and DTT.
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During the recent period of economic crisis, many countries have introduced scrappage schemes to boost the sale and production of vehicles, particularly of vehicles designed to pollute less. In this paper, we analyze the impact of a particular scheme in Spain (Plan2000E) on vehicle prices and sales figures as well as on the reduction of polluting emissions from vehicles on the road. We considered the introduction of this scheme an exogenous policy change and because we could distinguish a control group (non-subsidized vehicles) and a treatment group (subsidized vehicles), before and after the introduction of the Plan, we were able to carry out our analysis as a quasi-natural experiment. Our study reveals that manufacturers increased vehicle prices by the same amount they were granted through the Plan (1,000 â¬). In terms of sales, econometric estimations revealed an increase of almost 5% as a result of the implementation of the Plan. With regard to environmental efficiency, we compared the costs (inverted quantity of money) and the benefits of the program (reductions in polluting emissions and additional fiscal revenues) and found that the Plan would only be beneficial if it boosted demand by at least 30%.
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Across Ireland, there is considerable scope to replace many short car journeys with walking and cycling which would bring about a range of benefits to health as well as saving money for individuals and society.'Active travel, healthy lives' presents a summary of international evidence on the health and economic benefits of active travel and makes recommendations on how active travel can become a viable, safe and attractive alternative to car use.
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In 2003/2004 the Department of Health, Social Services and Public Safety commissioned a value for money follow-up audit of Anaesthetics, Pain Relief and Critical Care (APRCC) services at twelve Trusts and covering fourteen hospital sites. The original study had reported in 1999/2000. Detailed follow-up reports, together with action plans have been agreed locally with Trusts. The objectives of the follow-up review were to: • Ascertain the progress made in implementing recommendations from the original study; • Provide data to compare performance across Trusts in areas such as: - Pre-operative assessments; - Organisation of post-operative pain relief; - Organisation of chronic pain services; - Levels of admissions to critical care units; - Occupancy in critical care units; and åÊ • Assess the extent of progress made by Trusts in the implementation of the Chief Medical Officer’s (CMO) recommendations from ‘Facing the Future –Building on the Lessons of Winter 1999/2000’. To enable comparisons across Trusts, data was collected for the financial year 2002/2003. In addition, relevant findings from the Audit Commission’s Acute Hospitals Portfolio have also been included. The Acute Hospital Portfolio is a collection of reviews that are undertaken at acute and specialist Trusts. They focus on key service areas and are reported along the key performance criteria of patient experience, efficiency and capacity. åÊ
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This revised report on immunisation guidelines for Ireland has been prepared with the assistance of an active committee from associated disciplines in Paediatrics, Infectious Diseases, General Practice and Public Health. The report itself is designed to be simple and concise and of course does not claim to contain all information on any pharmacological material. It does, however, give the current information and guidelines concerning immunisation. Vaccines are continually evolving and guidelines will obviously change given the nature of these developments. This is a tribute to the pharmaceutical industry who invest so much money in research and development in this particular field. Download document here
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Guidelines on the Provision of Structured Car Parking Facilities at Acute Hospitals These guidelines have been developed to ensure that any future developments for car parking facilities are consistent with Department policy and deliver value for money. They are intended to assist acute hospitals in ensuring that best practice is followed at all stages in the provision and management of structured car parking facilities. Click here to download PDF 23kb
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To assess the efficiency and effectiveness of the management, administrative and support structures for the General Practitioner out-of-hours pilot projects in the North Eastern and South Eastern Health Boards having regard to value for money and service enhancement considerations Download the Report here
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Annual Output Statement 2007 For Health Group of Votes The overall aim of this Vote Group is to provide health and personal social services to improve the health and well being of the people of Ireland in a manner that promotes better health for everyone, fair access, responsive and appropriate care delivery and high performance. The money voted goes to the of Health and Children (Vote 39), the Health Service Executive (Vote 40), and the Office of the Minister for Children (Vote 41). Click here to download PDF 92kb