Análise morfométrica e simulação das áreas de preservação permanente de uma bacia hidrográfica

The morphometric characterization of watersheds is of great importance in assisting the planning of these areas to preserve the environment and maintain the quantity and quality of water production. The aim of this study was to characterize the morphology and simulate the areas of permanent preservation according to the Brazilian Forest Code of watershed of the Água-Fria stream. The studied area is located in the municipality of Bofete-SP, between the geographic coordinates: 48° 09' 30" to 48° 18' 30" longitude (WGr) and 22° 58' 30" to 23° 04' 30" latitude S. The results showed a 5th order micro watershed with an area of 152.43 km2 and low drainage density of 1.04 km/km2. Circularity was 0.51 and form factor was 0.41, which is considered low, and therefore with an oblong/oval shape. The sinuosity index of 1.29 revealed a tendency of rectilinear channels with compactness coefficient value of 1.38 and distance of runoff flow of 520m. Simulation of areas of permanent preservation shows an ideal model as the way springs and watercourses should be protected according to the Brazilian Forest Code, amounting to an area of 10.02 km2.

Geoprocessamento de variáveis morfométricas para caracterização da microbacia do Córrego do Petiço

This study aims to perform the morphometric characterization of the watershed stream Petiço, Botucatu-SP, through techniques of GIS by GIS IDRISI Selva and Charter planialtimetric Botucatu (SF-22-ZB-VI-3) , edited by IBGE (1969), scale 1: 50000 for ranking the drainage network and the morphometric analysis. The variables analyzed were the dimensions, the relief pattern, pattern of the drainage network and the shape variables. The results show that related to how the watershed has an oblong shape with environmental interpretation with low tendency to flooding and erosion. The sinuosity index of 1.22 shows that the channels of the micro tend to be somewhat sinuous, which allows to infer that is permeable soil with good water infiltration. Based on the results of the morphometric variables was found that the watershed is in good condition of conservation, however, presents certain risks of susceptibility to erosion, and environmental degradation in some points, being fundamental to the maintenance of vegetation cover, in view of the roughness coefficient (Rn). Thus, the evaluation of morphometric characteristics in the study watershed constitutes an important tool in conjunction with the use of GIS and Geographic Information Systems makes possible the planning and management of natural resources aimed at their conservation.

Geoprocessamento aplicado na caracterização morfométrica da microbacia do Ribeirão Descalvado - Botucatu (SP)

The objective of this study was to evaluate geoprocessing to morphometrically characterize the Ribeirão Descalvado micro watershed – Botucatu, SP by the Geographic Information System (GIS) – Selva for preservation, rationalization of its use and environmental restoration. The micro watershed is 2,228.61 ha between the geographic coordinates: 22° 50' 05" to 22° 54' 26" latitude S and 48° 22' 29" to 48° 26' 36" longitude W Gr. The cartographic basis was the planialtimetric chart of Botucatu (SP), 1: 50000 scale (IBGE, 1969), used for extraction of level, hydrography and topography curves to determine morphometric indices. The results showed that low values of drainage density associated with the presence of permeable rocks facilitates ground water infiltration which decreases surface runoff, erosion risks and environmental degradation. The low value of the shape factor supported by the circularity index shows that the micro watershed is more elongated and at lower risk of more pronounced floods. The roughness coefficient environmental parameter classified the micro watershed for forest and reforestation.

Análise ambiental e morfométrica da bacia hidrográfica do Córrego Santo Antônio - São Francisco Xavier (SP)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Geomática aplicada na caracterização conservacionista de uma bacia hidrográfica no município de São Manuel (SP)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Análise quantitativa das descargas epileptiformes generalizadas e da neuroimagem de pacientes com epilepsia generalizada idiopática

Pós-graduação em Fisiopatologia em Clínica Médica - FMB

Efeitos do uso de Decanoato de Nandrolona sobre a junção neuromuscular de ratos em processo de envelhecimento submetidos ao exercício resistido

Pós-graduação em Bases Gerais da Cirurgia - FMB

Métodos de debicagem: desenvolvimento e desempenho produtivo de poedeiras leves e semipesadas

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Comparação da dinâmica populacional e identificação dos estoques pesqueiros do camarão sete-barbas Xiphopenaeus kroyeri (Heller, 1862) (Decapoda, Penaeidae) no litoral brasileiro

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Métodos de debicagem: desenvolvimento e desempenho produtivo de poedeiras leves e semipesadas

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Comparação da dinâmica populacional e identificação dos estoques pesqueiros do camarão sete-barbas Xiphopenaeus kroyeri (Heller, 1862) (Decapoda, Penaeidae) no litoral brasileiro

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Allometric growth of a common Nassariidae (Gastropoda) in south-east Brazil

The allometric growth of two groups of Nassarius vibex on beds of the bivalve Mytella charruana on the northern coast of the State of Sao Paulo, was evaluated between September 2006 and February 2007 in the bed on Camaroeiro Beach, and from March 2007 to June 2007 at Cidade Beach. The shells from Camaroeiro were longer and wider and had a smaller shell aperture than those from Cidade; a principal components analysis also confirmed different morphometric patterns between the areas. The allometric growth of the two groups showed great variation in the development of individuals. The increase of shell width and height in relation to shell length did not differ between the two areas. Shell aperture showed a contrasting growth pattern, with individuals from Camaroeiro having smaller apertures. The methodology based on Kullback-Leibler information theory and the multi-model inference showed, for N. vibex, that the classic linear allometric growth was not the most suitable explanation for the observed morphometric relationships. The patterns of relative growth observed in the two groups of N. vibex may be a consequence of different growth and variation rates, which modifies the development of the individuals. Other factors such as food resource availability and environmental parameters, which might also differ between the two areas, should also be considered.

Sex differences in the excretion of fecal glucocorticoid metabolites in the Syrian hamster

We verified the relevance of measuring fecal glucocorticoid metabolites (FGM) to assess the stress response of the Syrian hamster. Male and female hamsters (n = 10 each) were submitted to an adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) challenge test, whereas animals in the control group received 0.5 mL of sterile isotonic saline solution. All feces voided by each animal were collected at 4 h intervals from 24 h before (baseline) until 48 h after injections. FGM were quantified using an 11-oxoetiocholanolone enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Basal concentrations of FGM were almost four times higher in males than in females. Following ACTH administration, FGM levels started rising from 8 h onwards, reaching peak concentrations 20 or 28 h post injection in males and females, respectively. Despite the much higher absolute concentrations present in males, the relative increase (500%) in response to the ACTH stimulation was similar in both sexes. Sex differences in FGM levels are in accordance with results reported by others regarding the hamster adrenal physiology. The comparison of the adrenocortical response of males and females to an ACTH challenge provided new information about the amplitude and the timing of such a response and the excretion of glucocorticoids in both sexes. We demonstrated for the first time in the Syrian hamster that adrenocortical activity can be monitored in fecal samples in a noninvasive way. Our study provides a humane, practical, and noninvasive alternative to blood removal and therefore a powerful tool for stress-related studies in a species frequently used as an animal model in medical research.

Influence of biliary anastomosis on recovery from secondary biliary cirrhosis

Objective The influence of choledochoduodenostomy and choledochojejunostomy on the repair of hepatic lesions secondary to biliary obstruction is not well known. The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of choledochoduodenostomy and choledochojejunostomy on the recovery of these lesions in rats with biliary obstruction. Methods Rats subjected to 4 weeks of biliary obstruction underwent choledochoduodenostomy (n=10) or choledochojejunostomy (n=10). The following variables were measured: total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, aminotransferases, and albumin. Hepatic mitochondrial energy metabolism was evaluated by calculating the respiratory control ratio and the oxidative phosphorylation index. Hepatic morphometry was used to estimate the mass of the hepatocytes, bile ducts, and fibrosis, as well as the hepatic stellate cell count. Results After choledochoduodenostomy and choledochojejunostomy, there was a regression in cholestasis and a reduction in the oxidative phosphorylation index. However, the total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, albumin, and respiratory control ratio values improved only after choledochojejunostomy. The mass of the liver, spleen, and fibrosis was reduced after both choledochoduodenostomy and choledochojejunostomy, but the number of hepatic stellate cells increased. After choledochojejunostomy, the hepatic mass recovered completely, and the spleen mass was significantly reduced compared with that after choledochoduodenostomy. After both choledochoduodenostomy and choledochojejunostomy, enterobiliary reflux, biliary contamination, and an exacerbation in hepatic inflammation developed. Conclusion Choledochojejunostomy was more effective than choledochoduodenostomy, but both techniques induced enterobiliary reflux and biliary contamination, which may explain the maintenance of hepatic alterations, especially after choledochoduodenostomy. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 24: 1039-1050 (C) 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health vertical bar Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Depletion of Langerhans cells in the tongue from patients with advanced-stage acquired immune deficiency syndrome: relation to opportunistic infections

Aims: To quantify and compare the expression of Langerhans cells (LCs) in the tongue mucosa of AIDS patients with different opportunistic infections, and from acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and non-AIDS patients with normal tongues, using autopsy material. Methods and results: Human leucocyte antigen D-related (HLA-DR), CD1a and CD83 antibodies were used to identify and quantify LCs by immunohistochemistry in tongue tissue of 40 AIDS patients (10 with lingual candidiasis, 10 with lingual herpes, 10 with oral hairy leukoplakia and 10 with no lesions) and 23 tongues from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)negative control patients. Quantification was performed by means of conventional morphometry in four different regions (anterior, middle, posterior and lateral) of the tongue. The results were expressed as positive cells per area of epithelium. The AIDS patients presented a lower density of CD1a(+) cells (P < 0.001), HLA-DR (P < 0.003) and CD83 (P < 0.001) in all regions of the tongue compared to the non-AIDS control group. However, no differences in any of the markers were found when AIDS patients with different opportunistic infections were compared with AIDS patients without tongue infection. Conclusions: Advanced stage AIDS patients showed a depletion of LCs in the tongue mucosa. HIV infection induces cytopathic changes in LCs, contributing to their depletion regardless of the presence of oral infections.