A success in Toxinology translational research in Brazil: Bridging the gap

Basic research is fundamental for discovering potential diagnostic and therapeutic tools, including drugs, vaccines and new diagnostic techniques. On this basis, diagnosis and treatment methods for many diseases have been developed. Presently, discovering new candidate molecules and testing them in animals are relatively easy tasks that require modest resources and responsibility. However, crossing the animal-to-human barrier is still a great challenge that most researchers tend to avoid. Thus, bridging this current gap between clinical and basic research must be encouraged and elucidated in training programmes for health professionals. This project clearly shows the challenges faced by a group of Brazilian researchers who, after discovering a new fibrin sealant through 20 years of painstaking basic work, insisted on having the product applied clinically. The Brazilian government has recently become aware of this challenge and has accordingly defined the product as strategic to the public health of the country. Thus, in addition to financing research and development laboratories, resources were invested in clinical trials and in the development of a virtual platform termed the Virtual System to Support Clinical Research (SAVPC); this platform imparts speed, reliability and visibility to advances in product development, fostering interactions among sponsors, physicians, students and, ultimately, the research subjects themselves. This pioneering project may become a future model for other public institutions in Brazil, principally in overcoming neglected diseases, which unfortunately continue to afflict this tropical country. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.

The success rate of immediate implant placement of mandibular molars: A clinical and radiographic retrospective evaluation between 2 and 8 years

Background: Dental implants, indicated for re-establishing both mastigatory and aesthetic functions, can be placed in the sockets immediately after tooth extraction. Most studies investigate the anterior and upper regions of the dental arch, whereas few examine longitudinal appraisal of immediate implant installation in the mandibular molar region. Objective: The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the success rate of immediate dental implants placement in mandibular molars within a follow-up period as long as 8 years. Materials and methods: Seventy-four mandibular molar implants after non-traumatic tooth extraction between 2002 and 2008 were examined in the study. All implants were evaluated radiographically immediately after prosthesis placement, 1 year after implantation, and by the end of the experimental period, in 2010. Clinical evaluation was done according to [Albrektsson et al. (1986) The International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants, 1, 11-25] success criteria for marginal bone loss. The mean bone losses, calculated as the difference between the final evaluation measures and those taken by the end of the first year of implant, were compared using Kruskal-Wallis test with a significance level of 5%. Results: All implants presented clinical and radiographic stable conditions, that is, 100% success rate. Significant bone loss was not found between final evaluation and that of the first functional year (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Immediate implant placement of mandibular molars proved to be a viable surgical treatment given the high success rate up to 8 years after implantation. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S.

Platelet-Rich Plasma And Chronic Wounds: Remaining Fibronectin May Influence Matrix Remodeling And Regeneration Success

Background: Platelet-rich plasma has been largely used as a therapeutic option for the treatment of chronic wounds of different etiologies. The enhanced regeneration observed after the use of platelet-rich plasma has been systematically attributed to the growth factors that are present inside platelets' granules. Aim: We hypothesize that the remaining plasma and platelet-bound fibronectin may act as a further bioactive protein in platelet-rich plasma preparations. Methods: Recent reports were analyzed and presented as direct evidences of this hypotheses. Results: Fibronectin may directly influence the extracellular matrix remodeling during wound repair. This effect is probably through matrix metalloproteinase expression, thus exerting an extra effect on chronic wound regeneration. Conclusions: Physicians should be well aware of the possible fibronectin-induced effects in their future endeavors with PRP in chronic wound treatment. © 2013 International Society for Cellular Therapy.

National visions matter: lessons of success. Proceedings of a public-private sector development forum

Includes bibliography

Conditioning factors of the success of population policies: the cases of El Salvador and Costa Rica

Includes bibliography

Com que corpo eu vou?: a beleza e a performance na construção do corpo midiático

Pós-graduação em Ciências da Motricidade - IBRC

Política de avaliação e trabalho docente no ensino médio

A pesquisa versa sobre avaliação e trabalho docente no ensino médio, tendo como objeto de investigação e análise as políticas de avaliação que vêm sendo instituídas a partir dos anos 1990, com recorte específico no denominado novo Enem e suas repercussões sobre o trabalho docente. O estudo possui como objetivo geral analisar e compreender as reformas instituídas na educação brasileira a partir da década de 1990, com foco na avaliação externa, especificamente na implementação do Enem, enquanto um processo de avaliação implementado no bojo de uma nova regulação educacional, e suas possíveis repercussões sobre o trabalho docente nesse nível de ensino, última etapa da educação básica, tendo como lócus a Região Metropolitana do Cariri – CE. Quanto à metodologia adotada, optou-se pela abordagem de pesquisa qualitativa, enfocando o complexo universo das políticas de avaliação externa e do trabalho docente no Ensino médio, lançando mão, para a coleta de dados, da pesquisa exploratória, revisão bibliográfica, análise documental e entrevistas não-diretivas. O tratamento dos dados foi realizado com base na análise de conteúdo, a partir de exaustiva análise das informações levantadas que, cotejadas com o referencial teórico, permitiu a emersão de algumas categorias de análise, como: avaliações externas, trabalho docente, regulação da educação e accountability. Como síntese dos resultados aferidos, destacamos que: - A Reforma do Aparelho do Estado Brasileiro, implementada a partir da década de 1990, instituiu o “Estado avaliador”, pautado, dentre outros, pela desresponsabilização do Estado para com as políticas sociais, pelo foco nos resultados, na excelência, na performatividade e na obtenção da eficiência e eficácia educacional, instituindo mecanismos de controle, no formato de avaliações, para a promoção da regulação da educação, de modo a assegurar os valores dominantes no contexto educacional escolar, controlando seus resultados; - são fortes as repercussões das políticas educacionais inscritas sob a lógica mercadológica sobre o ensino médio, dado que o mesmo vem sofrendo alterações significativas nas últimas décadas, em decorrência do “Estado avaliador” e da crescente centralidade das avaliações externas; - as avaliações externas de larga escala, com destaque para o Enem, privilegiam o accountability, por meio dos fenômenos da desresponsabilização do Estado, da crescente responsabilização da escola e dos profissionais da educação, da meritocracia e da privatização da educação, promovendo a intensificação do trabalho docente; - o atual modelo de avaliação de larga escala impõe ênfase aos produtos ou resultados em detrimento do processo, focando-se no trato individual de instituições ou estudantes, por meio de dados predominantemente quantitativos, resultando em classificação e rankeamento, estimulando a competição entre as instituições educacionais e entre os sujeitos; - esse processo tem repercutido sobre o trabalho docente, intensificando-o, à medida que os professores, à revelia de suas condições objetivas de trabalho, que são extremamente precárias na maioria das escolas públicas, tendem a ser responsabilizados, individualmente, pelo êxito ou fracasso de seus alunos; - por fim, constatamos que, não obstante novas atribuições e responsabilidades estarem sendo imputadas ao professor, inclusive com a imposição unilateral de metas a serem atingidas, não há, em contrapartida às exigências postas pelo Enem, uma efetiva política de Estado voltada para a valorização dos profissionais docentes no Ceará, seja pela via da carreira, da remuneração e/ou da formação continuada.

Relationships between growth of the preovulatory follicle and gestation success in lactating dairy cows

This report summarizes three studies conducted with lactating dairy cows aiming to increase pregnancy rates to fixed time artificial insemination (TAI) protocols. Experiment 1 was designed to determine if changing the timing of PGF2 alpha treatment during an E2/P4-based program would affect fertility to TAI or fixed-time embryo transfer (TET). In experiment 2, pregnancy rates to AI were compared following synchronized ovulation using two protocols that have been developed to reduce the period between follicular wave emergence and TAI. The Ovsynch-type protocol utilizes GnRH to synchronize the follicular wave by inducing ovulation of a dominant follicle at the beginning of the protocol, and to synchronize ovulation at the end of the protocol allowing TAI. In contrast, E2/P4-based protocols utilize E2 products in the presence of P4 to induce atresia of antral follicles and synchronize emergence of a new follicular wave. At the end of E2/P4-based protocol another E2 treatment in the absence of P4 is used to induce LH release and synchronize ovulation and allow TAI. Experiment 3 was designed to determine whether increasing the length time interval with reduced circulating P4 (proestrus) would increase fertility in a TAI program that utilized E2 and P4 to synchronize ovulation of cycling, lactating dairy cows. The overall conclusions are that circulating concentrations of progesterone and estradiol prior to and circulating concentrations of progesterone following ovulation can affect fertility in cattle. In addition, small increases in P4 concentrations near the time of AI, due to lack of complete CL regression, result in reductions in fertility. Earlier treatment with PGF2 alpha should allow greater time for CL regression, an increase in estradiol and subsequent reductions in circulating P4 that could be critical for fertility. Optimization of follicle size in TAI programs is clearly an intricate balance between oocyte quality, adequate circulating E2 near AI, and adequate circulating P4 after AI.

Assessing Paternity in Japanese Quails (Coturnix Japonica) Using Microsatellite Markers - Inferences for Its Mating System and Reproductive Success

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Reintroducing the red-billed curassow in Brazil: Population viability analysis points to potential success

Reintroduction can be enhanced by data from long-term post-release monitoring, which allows for modeling opportunities such as population viability analysis (PVA). PVA-relevant data were gathered via long-term monitoring of reintroduced red-billed curassows at the Guapiacu Ecological Reserve (REGUA), located in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, over 25 months. In the present article, we (1) assess the robustness of the reintroduction plan, (2) evaluate the viability of the current reintroduced population, and (3) examine mitigation options to increase the viability of this population. VORTEX indicates that the initial plan, fully implemented, was likely to establish a viable population at REGUA. The current population is unviable; the best mitigation strategies are to eliminate hunting altogether, or at least reduce it by half, and to supplement ten immature pairs in 2015. A positive long-term outcome at REGUA is still possible; we encourage the Brazilian government and private stakeholders to consider population supplementation, both to achieve success at REGUA and to improve the evidence base for future reintroductions. (C) 2014 Associacao Brasileira de Ciencia Ecologica e Conservacao. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda.

Educational and professional background and success in the labor market: the case of Portuguese immigrants in the Netherlands

The aim of this paper is to describe the relationship between educational and professional occupation trajectories of Portuguese immigrants in The Netherlands. To this end, the sample used comprises Portuguese immigrants that arrived in The Netherlands in two periods which represent the highest influx of immigrants: around the years 1966 and 2002. The analysis of the data shows a strong relationship between the level of professional education and the level of professional occupation. Furthermore, some exceptions to the generalizations found show that in service training may lead to an improvement of the possibilities to ascend regarding the level of professional occupation.