YK:n nopean toiminnan joukkojen päätöksentekojärjestelmä

Abstract: The decision-making system of the United Nations Rapid Deployment Forces

Eurooppa-tuomioistuimet ja suomalaiset tuomioistuimet

English summary: European courts and Finnish courts (s.1282-1283)

Comparative analysis of the transcriptome across distant species.

The transcriptome is the readout of the genome. Identifying common features in it across distant species can reveal fundamental principles. To this end, the ENCODE and modENCODE consortia have generated large amounts of matched RNA-sequencing data for human, worm and fly. Uniform processing and comprehensive annotation of these data allow comparison across metazoan phyla, extending beyond earlier within-phylum transcriptome comparisons and revealing ancient, conserved features. Specifically, we discover co-expression modules shared across animals, many of which are enriched in developmental genes. Moreover, we use expression patterns to align the stages in worm and fly development and find a novel pairing between worm embryo and fly pupae, in addition to the embryo-to-embryo and larvae-to-larvae pairings. Furthermore, we find that the extent of non-canonical, non-coding transcription is similar in each organism, per base pair. Finally, we find in all three organisms that the gene-expression levels, both coding and non-coding, can be quantitatively predicted from chromatin features at the promoter using a 'universal model' based on a single set of organism-independent parameters.

FTO genetic variants, dietary intake and body mass index: insights from 177,330 individuals.

FTO is the strongest known genetic susceptibility locus for obesity. Experimental studies in animals suggest the potential roles of FTO in regulating food intake. The interactive relation among FTO variants, dietary intake and body mass index (BMI) is complex and results from previous often small-scale studies in humans are highly inconsistent. We performed large-scale analyses based on data from 177,330 adults (154 439 Whites, 5776 African Americans and 17 115 Asians) from 40 studies to examine: (i) the association between the FTO-rs9939609 variant (or a proxy single-nucleotide polymorphism) and total energy and macronutrient intake and (ii) the interaction between the FTO variant and dietary intake on BMI. The minor allele (A-allele) of the FTO-rs9939609 variant was associated with higher BMI in Whites (effect per allele = 0.34 [0.31, 0.37] kg/m(2), P = 1.9 × 10(-105)), and all participants (0.30 [0.30, 0.35] kg/m(2), P = 3.6 × 10(-107)). The BMI-increasing allele of the FTO variant showed a significant association with higher dietary protein intake (effect per allele = 0.08 [0.06, 0.10] %, P = 2.4 × 10(-16)), and relative weak associations with lower total energy intake (-6.4 [-10.1, -2.6] kcal/day, P = 0.001) and lower dietary carbohydrate intake (-0.07 [-0.11, -0.02] %, P = 0.004). The associations with protein (P = 7.5 × 10(-9)) and total energy (P = 0.002) were attenuated but remained significant after adjustment for BMI. We did not find significant interactions between the FTO variant and dietary intake of total energy, protein, carbohydrate or fat on BMI. Our findings suggest a positive association between the BMI-increasing allele of FTO variant and higher dietary protein intake and offer insight into potential link between FTO, dietary protein intake and adiposity.

Trencant el silenci de la mort: les inscripcions del claustre de la catedral de Girona

En els últims temps s'ha anat consolidant una novamanera d'entendre la història de la cultura escrita, ja que apartir dels signes i símbols escrits es pot aprofundir més enel coneixement d'una determinada societat. Depenent del'ús que es fa de l'escriptura, podem establir la maneraque té la societat d'entendre l'entorn o la visió que té del'espai físic i mental que l'envolta. En aquest sentit o enaquesta línia de renovació de la cultura escrita hem d'entendre l'interès que pot despertar la recuperació del'escriptura epigràfica funerària. Aquest tipus d'escripturaens permet conèixer l'actitud que adoptaven els homes iles dones del passat davant la mort. Així doncs, el que enaquestes pàgines es presenta es troba emmarcat dinsaquests corrents d'anàlisi i estudi que des de fa alguntemps preocupen els investigadors d'història de la cultura ide les mentalitats