1000 resultados para Vitamina na dieta
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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Pós-graduação em Aquicultura - FCAV
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Pós-graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia Animal - FEIS
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Pós-graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia Animal - FEIS
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Vitamin A is important to the proper development and functioning of the body, appearing in several metabolic functions. This experiment was conducted with aim evaluate to the vitamin A supplementation in diets for Goldfish Carassius auratus. The experimental was completely randomized with six treatments (0, 2.000, 4.000, 8.000, 16.000 and 32.000 IU of vitamin A kg(-1) diet) with four repetitions into 24 experimental cages, with capacity for 150 liters useful volume, made of mesh shading, installed inside a masonry circular tank with a capacity of 25 m(3) of water. 192 fish with an average initial weight of 6.66 +/- 0.57 g and initial length of 7.30 +/- 0.33 cm, feed at 8h, 11h, 14h and 17h at satiety were used. Evaluated the effects on productive performance and intensity of yellow-red coloring of the skin of the fish were. The Linear Response Plateau analysis of weight gain and length total, feed conversion and daily growth rate versus vitamin A requirement estimate showed 2,624, 2,385 and 2,358, 4,381 and 2,866 IU of vitamin A per kg diet, respectively. The data indicated that this vitamin has little or no influence on the intensity of the skin color of the Goldfish.
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A fragmentação de habitats decorrente principalmente da expansão da agropecuária no Brasil, bem como o declínio observado em escala mundial dos polinizadores (abelhas em sua maioria), atestam a gravidade do problema ambiental que enfrentamos atualmente. Baixos níveis de polinização de plantas em geral podem ocasionar problemas econômicos na área da alimentação humana, visto que muitas espécies vegetais importantes para nosso consumo dependem das abelhas para sua reprodução e conseqüente formação de frutos. Assim, a execução de planos de manejo em áreas cultivadas, envolvendo medidas de proteção para polinizadores e que visem a manutenção de áreas verdes no entorno de plantações são importantes estratégias para amenizar o impacto que o homem exerce sobre a natureza. Nesse aspecto, esse estudo tratou de investigar a preferência alimentar de abelhas amostradas em flores de Solanum viarum Dunal e a biologia floral e sistema de reprodução nessa espécie. Os conhecimentos e informações obtidos a partir de trabalhos como esses compreendem uma parte essencial de planos de conservação para o grupo de polinizadores. S. viarum é uma solanácea ruderal, que ocorre em campos abertos e ambientes perturbados. Apresenta deiscência das anteras do tipo poricida, é auto-incompatível e possui grande atratividade para inúmeras espécies de abelhas vibradoras, como as dos gêneros Bombus, Exomalopsis e da Família Halictidae. De acordo com os presentes resultados, pode-se afirmar que S. viarum caracteriza-se como uma espécie potencialmente doadora de pólen para os polinizadores acima citados, e que seu plantio e manejo controlados ao redor de cultivos agrícolas, juntamente com outros tipos vegetais, pode aumentar a densidade de abelhas no entorno dessas áreas e a rentabilidade de tais cultivos
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O sapo-cururuzinho, Rhinella ornata, é característico de áreas abertas próximas de mata e é registrado no Setor de Piscicultura da Fazenda Lageado (22° 50' 23S, 48° 25' 42O), em Botucatu, SP, há mais de 40 anos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar o habitat ocupado pelos machos e girinos, a distribuição sazonal e a dieta da espécie neste local. O estudo foi realizado entre abril e outubro de 2012. Os machos ocuparam apenas quatro dos 15 corpos d’água disponíveis no local e reproduziram-se apenas em um. O microambiente ocupado para vocalização foi sobre vegetação flutuante, no interior do tanque e próximo às margens com inclinação suave. Apesar dos microambientes ocupados serem semelhantes a resultados anteriores de trabalhos realizados com a espécie no mesmo local, o número de corpos d’água ocupados foi menor, provavelmente devido ao intenso manejo realizado no local e ao isolamento de alguns tanques por um cercado, impedindo o acesso dos animais ao ambiente. Os girinos ocorreram em locais profundos e sem vegetação, provavelmente protegidos pelo aposematismo e pela presença de substâncias impalatáveis nesses animais. A atividade de R. ornata teve início em julho, após um pico de chuvas, e continuou até outubro. A temperatura foi o fator que mais influenciou a atividade da espécie, que não foi registrada nos dias mais frios. A dieta foi composta principalmente de presas terrestres e de tamanho reduzido, principalmente formigas e coleópteros. Os resultados indicam que as características de R. ornata permitem que a população se mantenha no local, apesar das modificações e do manejo constante dos corpos d’água neste local
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Obesity along with overweight has been considered one of the most serious public health problems in the world, especially because they are the main risk factors for many chronic diseases such as coronary heart disease, type II diabetes mellitus, hypertension and some types of tumors, which are associated with high mortality rates. The use of functional foods and appropriate diets to promote health has grown as a mechanism for prevention, control and treatment of chronic diseases such as obesity. Several ethnopharmacological studies indicate plants species for the treatment of disorders associated with obesity with a major attraction of this regimen is perceived as safer and more effective for health than the traditional treatment with appetite suppressants. Whereas both food intake and the oral treatment with different compounds can cause changes in gene expression and that a proper diet has been valuable as a mechanism for maintaining the body's vital functions, the objective of this project was to evaluate the effects of standardized extract of Brassica campestris L. in the decrease in weight and food intake control. In vivo trials of this product were conducted and studies of its effects on energy metabolism in non-obese mice and with obesity induced by hypercaloric diet. After induction of obesity by 8 weeks, animals were treated for 21 days with the extract orally. After 21 days the animals were killed and the effects of this product were evaluated on the daily feed intake and on body weight. According to the results obtained, the extract of Brassica campestris was not effective in reducing body weight of obese animals, and did not reduce food intake
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The aim of this study was to verify if α-tocopherol, the main substance of Vitamin E and also the one with the major antioxidant propriety, could offer citoprotection to a stomach damaged by alcohol. There are many forms of α-tocopherol, two forms of them were evaluated; d-l-α-tocopherol, the synthetic form and d-α-tocopherol, the natural form of α-tocopherol. Three experiments were made, all of them having absolute ethanol as the lesion agent, but the period and the doses changed in each of them. In the first two experiments, each group of animals received a different form of α-tocopherol and in the third experiment, they’ve received α-tocopherol p.o. for the period of seven days before the lesion agent was administrated. Moreover, immunohistochemistry assays were made from the stomachs samples of the third experiment to verify possible mechanisms involving nitric oxide and 2-cyclooxygenase. Satisfactory results of citoprotection have been obtained when the two forms were administered in the period of one week at doses of 100 mg/kg for synthetic form and 150 mg/kg for natural type. Nevertheless, the two forms didn’t differ statistically in their effectiveness against ethanol. The immunohistochemistry assays showed an increase of the levels of NO and COX2 in relation with the negative control, although there was no correlation between this increase and the gastroprotective effect. In conclusion, α-tocopherol has gastroprotection effect in some doses, but apparently there is no such a thing like the better the dose, the better the effect; that citoprotection don’t have a relationship with NO neither with COX2; the natural and the synthetic form don’t differ in their gastroprotection effect. More studies must be done looking forward an effective dose and also to understand the mechanisms underlay the citoprotection of α-tocopherol in the stomach
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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Não disponível
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Obesity along with overweight, has been considered one of the most serious public health problems in the world, especially because they are the main risk factors for many chronic diseases, such as coronary heart disease, type II diabetes mellitus, hypertension and some types of tumors, which are associated with high mortality rates. The use of functional foods and appropriate diets to call health promotion has grown as a mechanism for prevention, control and treatment of chronic diseases such as obesity. Several ethnopharmacological studies indicate plant species for the treatment of disorders associated with obesity with a major attraction of this regimen is perceived as safer and more effective health than the traditional treatment with appetite suppressants. This work aims to develop and standardize models of biological assays in stress and obesity, also aims to evaluate the effect of oil green beans of Coffea arabica in the regulation of body weight and energy balance in mice. To this end, trials were made in vivo studies of this product and their effects on energy metabolism in non-obese mice with obesity induced by hypercaloric diet. After induction of obesity by 8 weeks, animals were treated for 21 days with the extracts orally. After 21 days the animals were killed to evaluate the effects of these products on daily feed intake and on body weight. The group treated with the oil of Coffea arabica L. showed significant weight loss and feed intake high. According to the results, we conclude that the standardized extract of Coffea arabica L. decreased body weight without restriction or decrease the amount of food ingested
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The obesity has been considered one of the most serious public health problem in the worldwide scale, especially for being one of the main risk factors for many chronic diseases that characterize the metabolic syndrome. In addition to these diseases, obesity also causes dermatoses that affect not only the individual emotions but also cause various cutaneous infections. Thus, overweighting can be an agent that causes many types of stress: psychological, physical and social. In order to improve people’s life quality, several ethnopharmacological studies indicate plant species for the treatment of disorders associated with obesity due to the attraction of this regimen is perceived as safer and more health effective when compared to the treatment performed by traditional anorectic substances. If considered both food intake and also oral treatment with different compounds can promote change in the gene expression, besides an appropriate diet has been maintenance mechanism of body's vital functions. The aim of this work was to develop new standard methods for induced obesity and stress, which stress is induced through physical and psychogenic stressors in Swiss male mice. Also to evaluate the effect of supercritical extract of Physalis angulata L. on the food intake and corporeal weight loss
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)