808 resultados para Uso do solo, zona urbana, Brasil


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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Irrigação e Drenagem) - FCA

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The influence of the environment on psychomotor development of children is evidenced in many studies. Many factors can threaten children’s development and hinder the children with regard to functional activities. Objective: The objective of this research was to investigate the possible effects of urban and rural environment on the functional performance of children under six years old. Methods: The study included 30 children divided into two groups, one group consisted of 15 children of both genres with a mean age of 44.13 ± 20.97 months, residing in urban area and another for 15 children, both sexes with a mean age of 44.33 ± 20.91 months, residing in rural areas. All were tested using functional Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI), which is based on an evaluation trial, conducted through structured interviews with those responsible for the child. This test outlines the functional profi le of children in three performance areas: self-care, mobility and social function, evaluated in three parts (functional skills, caregiver assistance and modifi cations to the environment). In this study we used the parts I (funcional skills) and II (caregiver assistance) in three areas: self-care, mobility and social function. The collected data were analyzed by means of the Mann - Whitney test, with the level of signifi cance at p ≤ 0.05. Results: The results show no signifi cant difference in the areas of self-care and mobility, both in relation to functional abilities when the caregiver assistance. In the area of social function, there was a lower performance of children living in rural areas, in functional abilities (p = 0.027) and caregiver assistance (p = 0.028). Conclusion: Based on this information, we can conclude that children who live in rural areas have a worse development of the social functions of children living in urban areas.

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Introduction:The regular practice of physical activity is being used as a therapeutic resource to the elderly population, with the objective of reduction of the losses provoked by the growing old process. The home place (urban or rural) is still little explored in literature about your infl uence in the physical capacity of the elderly people. Objective: The aim of this study was to value and compare the quality of life, motion and functional capacity between physically active and sedentary elderly people, residents in the urban and rural area. Methods: Sixty people with age above 60 years old were valued, 20 physically active residents in the urban area (66,5 ± 4,32 years), 20 sedentary residents in the urban area (68,8± 7,24 years), 10 physically active residents in the rural area (64,4±2,46 years) and 10 sedentary residents in the rural area (68±5,78 years). It was realized the evaluation of the fl exibility (previous fl exon of the trunk), mobility (timed up and go test), a six-minute walk test and answered a quality of life’s questionnaire SF-36. To compare the results obtained by the two groups was used the Kruskal-Wallis test, and the signifi cant presence of the test was performed post hoc Newman-Keuls. The level of signifi cance used in statistical analysis was 5% (p<0,05).Results: It was observed that the physically active elderly people obtaine better performance on the six-minutes walk test. It wasn’t found difference in the mobility among the groups. In relation to the quality of life, the elderly residents in the rural area, were better in the component Vitally. In relation to the fl exibility the elderly residents in the urban area obtained the best results. So, we can conclude that the practice of physical activity realized by the volunteers contributed to a better functional capacity, observed by the biggest distance gone through on the walk test. The rural home place positively infl uenced the vitality control, while the fl exibility was worse presented in these elderly people.

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Os sistemas convencionais de produção agropecuária são considerados grandes causadores de impactos ambientais, tais como degradação do solo, poluição e assoreamento dos rios, destruição da vegetação nativa, perda de biodiversidade e contaminação dos alimentos, o que conseqüentemente induz o aparecimento de problemas sociais, econômicos e ambientais. Os sistemas naturais em bom estado de conservação oferecem serviços ambientais que são vitais para o ser humano. Diante disso, torna-se necessário compatibilizar a preservação dos recursos naturais com a produção agropecuária. Para a manutenção da saúde ambiental de uma microbacia hidrográfica submetida à produção agrícola, as matas ciliares, encontradas ao longo das margens da rede de drenagem e ao redor das nascentes, exerce importantes funções do ponto de vista hidrológico, ecológico e geomorfológico. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo geral propor medidas de adequação ambiental para a microbacia da cabeceira do córrego do Taquari (3.260 ha) no município de Leme/SP. Como objetivos específicos teve-se: a) delimitar as Áreas de Preservação Permanente (APP’s) e Reserva Legal (RL), conforme a legislação ambiental vigente e b) realizar uma proposta de adequação ambiental para a microbacia, considerando a sua estrutura fundiária. Através de estudo de caso realizado nesta microbacia, que faz parte do Programa Estadual de Microbacias Hidrográficas do Estado de São Paulo, procurou-se por meio de um banco de dados cartográfico, gerar no final, um mapa de adequação ambiental. A microbacia possui 62,5% de sua área ocupada por cultura de canade- açúcar e 16,6% por culturas anuais, com maior destaque para milho e algodão. Na microbacia existem 71 propriedades rurais, sendo que 51 (71,8%) delas apresentam áreas menores que 30 hectares, se encaixando como...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

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A cocaína, alcalóide extraído das folhas de coca, apresenta antigo histórico de uso para diversas finalidades. O uso vinculado à fim recreacional se dá na década de 70 e permanece até hoje com variações espaciais e temporais. Muitas são as substâncias usadas como adulterantes à cocaína, ou seja, adicionadas com o propósito de mimetizar ou potencializar o efeito da mesma, e o levamisol, antiparasitário de uso humano e veterinário no Brasil, tem sido reportado mundialmente, com notável crescimento desde 2003. Desde 2009, casos de agranulocitose e vasculite crônica tem sido associado à usuários de cocaína com o levamisol como adulterante. Visto o aumento no consumo de cocaína no Brasil entre 2010 e 2011, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo determinar a prevalência desta adulteração na cidade de Campinas e região entre outubro de 2012 e junho de 2013, fazendo uso de CCDC e CG/MS. As análises em CCDC mostraram um aumento na prevalência da adulteração de 15,5% para 26,5% no período de estudo. Os resultados encontrados reiteram a importância da discussão e difusão do tema perante a comunidade médica, principalmente, a fim de tomarem decisões mais acertadas frente aos casos envolvendo os usuários.

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The erosion is a natural process of detachment, transport and deposition of soil and rock particles from one place to another. Human activities with no previous planning may accelerate this process, causing several damages to the environment and to society. In order to control the acceleration of these erosion processes caused by humans, prevention and improvement initiatives emerge. Regarding works which interfere directly in some of the natural resources, these initiatives must respect the intrinsic physical properties of the area of interest, if they aim to obtain effective results. Based on this scenario, this work proposes a few methods of accelerated linear erosion prevention, control and recovery in a specific area of the municipal district of Ipeúna (SP). For that matter, this study is based on a method of physiographic compartmentalization of the area, considering and integrating soil, relief, geology and the use and land cover properties of the study area. Plus, a flowchart with general orientations regarding management of eroded areas was produced, focused on the control and recovery of linear erosion. The result demonstrates the importance of careful erosion control, respecting the physical properties of each physiographic unit. The vegetative and mechanical conservationists methods, and the discipline of water flow, have found wide applicability in the study area.

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O processo de homogeneização da biodiversidade tem chamado a atenção de pesquisadores porque integra três principais processos que estão relacionados com a crise moderna da biodiversidade – a introdução de espécies exóticas, extinção de espécies nativas e modificações do habitat – e por dar maior ênfase à composição de espécies ao invés do número de espécies das comunidades. Neste sentido, o conceito de diversidade beta – variação espacial e temporal na composição das espécies – apresenta-se central para a compreensão do processo de homogeneização da biota; principalmente porque a heterogeneidade do habitat é a maior causa da diversidade beta, e segundo, por que algumas métricas de diversidade beta fornecem um meio de estimar e comparar estatisticamente a homogeneização taxonômica. Neste trabalho, nós investigamos se a modificação do habitat está relacionada com a homogeneização taxonômica de macroinvertebrados em 32 riachos da Mata Atlântica. Nós testamos se esta modificação, associada com diferentes usos do solo (e.g., cana-de-açúcar, eucalipto, pasto, banana e floresta), está relacionada com o declínio na diversidade beta, e se a diversidade beta é afetada pela escala espacial utilizada nas análises. Nós estimamos e comparamos diversidade beta através do procedimento de homogeneidade de dispersões multivariadas. Quando agrupamos os diferentes tipos de uso do solo em uma escala maior, i.e., áreas impactadas vs. áreas florestadas, nós encontramos que os riachos impactados tinham diversidade beta mais alta. Ou seja, riachos mais preservados foram, surpreendentemente, mais homogêneos biologicamente. Porém, na escala espacial mais fina, distinguindo os diferentes tipos de uso do solo, nós observamos maior diversidade beta e maior heterogeneidade ambiental entre riachos florestados. Estes resultados indicam que se agruparmos diferentes tipos de impacto como áreas impactadas, nós...

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The use of pesticides in Brazil has intensified over the years. And since 2009 it was ranked as the largest market for pesticides worldwide. The consequential diffuse contamination of the environment is therefore due to the increasing number of chemicals of different classes, origins and modes of action. Little is known about the action of pesticides on human health in situations of co-exposure. Possible toxic effects are not restricted to agricultural and industrial workers, but also the general population that may be exposed continuously to its residues in food and water. Although these pesticides are mostly present in the environment at low doses, it must be considered that possible cumulative or synergistic effects may occur when there are concurrent or sustained exposure for two or more of these agents, which can lead to late manifestation of subclinical damages, sometimes irreversible. Thus, the specific objective of this study was to assess the effect of carcinogenesis promotion of a mixture of pesticides at low doses and analyze the phenomena of cell proliferation and apoptosis in rat liver. A total of 50 male Lewis rats was separated into 5 groups for 8 weeks in a medium term hepatocarcinogenesis model. The three different classes of pesticides (dieldrin, dicofol, endosulfan, dichlorvos and permethrin), whose residues were detected by ANVISA during the period from 2001 to 2005 in tomatoes cultures, were added to the feed of rats initiated to hepatocarcinogenesis with diethylnitrosamine (DEN- 200mg/kg ip). We used two different mixtures, one with no toxic effects at doses (MEX1) referring to the NOEL (no-observed-effect level) and another at doses LOEL / LEL / LOAEL (Lowest-observed-effect level / Lowest-effect level / Lowest -observed-adverse-effect level), to the installation of adverse effects (MEX2), derived from chronic studies. All animals ...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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For a long time, humankind has lived together with flooding, and lately, those events have grown enormously, in particular, in the urban areas from lots of Brazilian cities. The flooding has been causing uncountable disadvantages to population and to the cities. The present paper aimed to study, through a bibliographic review, the risks and natural disasters caused by those events. Trying to approach their causes and effects under a systemic view it emphasized the landscape point.

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This scientific research focus on the “Estudo de Impacto de Vizinhança” (EIV, Neighborhood Impact Study), a legal instrument instituted by federal law, and regulated by municipal law, that aims to evaluate the impacts in the neighborhood caused by the implantation or expansion of ventures within the urban zone. The main objective of this research was the formulation of general guidelines for EIV elaboration. Therefore, the following steps were considered: review of the legislation and literature on the theme; assessment of existing municipal legislation about this theme; assessment of EIVs elaborated within Rio Claro (SP); elaboration of the general guidelines for EIV elaboration, which were summarized in a flowchart

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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Ciência do Solo) - FCAV

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)