997 resultados para Tumores da mama
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Breast cancer has received an increasing attention because it is one of the most common cancer type and a leading cause of morbity and mortality among women worldwide. This disease has been considered as a heterogeneous condition, demonstrating a large spectrum of clinical and histopathological variability. In the last two decades, several studies have been conducted to identify new molecular markers of cancer cells, including the alterations of DNA methylation, which is the major epigenetic mechanism associated with the control of gene expression. The hypermethylation of promoter-associated CpG islands contributes to the loss of function of several cancer-related genes, including those encoding to the estrogen receptor (ESR) and progesterone receptor (PGR). This study aimed to determine the methylation patterns of CpG islands of the genes encoding the estrogen receptor α (ESR1 gene, promoters A and B), estrogen receptor β (ESR2 gene) and progesterone receptor (PGR gene, promoter A and B) in 15 cell lines derived from breast cancer. The DNA methylation analysis was based on the “Methylation Specific-Polymerase Chain Reaction” (MSP), which provides a qualitative assessment of the methylation status of a specific CpG island. The results revealed heterogeneous data: the promoter region of ESR1A showed complete methylation in one cell line (BT549) and only two cell lines showed partial methylation (MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-453), while the others lineages presented unmethylated alleles. The promoter region of isoform ESR1B was unmethylated in the cell lines BT549, SKBR3 and T47D; partial methylation were observed in the cell lines MDA-MB- 231, MCF-7 and ZR-75-30, while the others cell lines presented complete methylation. All lineages showed complete or partial methylation of the ESR2 gene. The methylation pattern of the promoter A of the PGR ...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Mammary cancer is a multifactorial disease that is believed to be caused by genetic and environmental factors. Among the environmental factors, pyrethroids appear to be able to participate in carcinogenesis through several mechanisms, and have been shown to be associated to mammary tumors in canines. In order to investigate the possible rule of pyrethroid on DNA lesion in mammary tissue we compare the comet assay results between mammary tumor bearing dogs with and without pyrethroid associated to the peri mammary adipose tissue or the tumor itself. The pyrethroids presence was assessed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and the DNA damage was assessed by the comet assay as previously described. Despite of correlation between DNA damage and tumor histologic aggressiveness, association between the severity of DNA damage and different types of mammary carcinoma was not found. Although pyrethroids were present in 22% of tumors and peritumoral adipose tissue, no difference in the degree DNA damage between the exposed and non exposed cells to pyrethroids were found. As future perspectives for this work, our group will evaluate the relationship of pyrethroids presence in tumors with its angiogenic potential. Angiogenesis evaluation will be based on presence of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the tumor cells, and microvessel counts
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Diuron (3-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea) is a substituted urea herbicide widely used on agricultural crops such as soy, cotton and sugar cane. In a previous long-term study this herbicide exerted carcinogenic activity on the urinary bladder and renal pelvis mucosa of Wistar rats and breast of mice. Also, it was shown to be carcinogenic to the mice skin in a initiation-promotion assay. In 1997, the northamerican EPA evaluated Diuron as a “known/likely” carcinogen for humans (USEPA, 2004). In a previous study developed at this laboratory, male Wistar rats treated with Diuron 2500 ppm during 20 weeks presented increased indices of cell proliferation and incidences of simple urothelial hyperplasia (HS) in the urinary bladder. Under scanning electron microscopy (SEM) severe urothelial necrosis and hyperplasia were observed. However, in that study the urinary bladders of animals exposed to lower doses of Diuron were not examined under SEM. Therefore, the possible dose-response influence of Diuron on the urothelium under SEM is not known. The present study aimed to analyze under SEM the urinary bladder of male Wistar rats exposed to 125 ppm, 500 ppm and 2500 ppm doses of Diuron through diet during 20 weeks and to compare to the previous histological findings in the same material. Under SEM, 125 ppm and 2500 ppm groups presented significantly (p<0,05) increased incidences of simple hyperplasia, i.e., 7/10 and 8/10 respectively, compared to control group and the 500 ppm group The sensitivity of SEM was higher since it detected a 45% incidence of hyperplasiaswhile the histological analysis found only 27%. Considering SEM as the gold-standard, histology showed a 44% sensitivity, 86.4% specificity, a positive predictive value of 72,7% and negative predictive value of 65,5% and accuracy of 67,5%. Scanning Electron Microscopy...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Cancer biology is a complex and expanding field of science study. Due its complexity, there is a strong motivation to integrate many fields of knowledge to study cancer biology, and biological stoichiometry can make this. Biological stoichiometry is the study of the balance of multiple chemical elements in biological systems. A key idea in biological stoichiometry is the growth rate hypothesis, which states that variation in the carbon:nitrogen:phosphorus stoichiometry of living things is associated with growth rate because of the elevated demands for phosphorusrich ribosomal RNA and other elements necessary to protein synthesis. As tumor cells has high rate proliferation, the growth rate hypothesis can be used in cancer study. In this work the dynamic of two tumors (primary and secondary) and the chemical elements carbon and nitrogen are simulate and analyzed through mathematical models that utilize as central idea biological stoichiometry. Differential equations from mathematical model are solved by numerical method Runge-Kutta fourth order
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Diuron (3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea) is a substituted urea herbicide widely used in crops of sugar cane, cotton and soybeans. In 1997, this agent has been classified by the United States Environmental Protection Agency as known/likely human carcinogen because it induced tumors in the urinary bladder and renal pelvis of rats, and breast and skin of mice exposed to 2500 ppm for feed for two years. A previous study from our group demonstrated dose-response relationship in the gene expression profile associated with severe necrosis on bladder urothelium and increased incidence of simple hyperplasia in male Wistar rats treated with different concentrations of diuron for 20 weeks. To check how early the molecular changes occurs, rats were fed for 7 days with diets containing diuron at 0, 125, 500 or 2500 ppm. The main observations recorded were urothelium ultrastructural alterations and disruptions of molecular pathways associated with cell-cell interaction and the tissue organization maintenance. Particularly, the gene Glypican 3 (Gpc3), a surface proteoglycan related to cellular adhesion and apoptosis induction, was down regulated on urothelium exposed to 2500ppm diuron for 7 days and 20 weeks. The aim of this study was validate by quantitative RT-PCR real time, the reduced Gpc3 gene expression in epithelial cells of the urinary bladder of male Wistar rats treated with different concentrations of diuron for 7 days and 20 weeks. The endogenous control of the quantitative PCR real time technique was the β-actin gene and the target was the gene Gpc3. The relative quantification (RQ) was obtained by the method of relative quantification 2-ΔΔCt . Animals exposed to diuron for 7 days or for 20 weeks presented reduction of Gpc3 gene expression compared to the control group. This reduction was statistically significant only for the 7 days study. Moreover, by comparing animals exposed for 7 days with the exposed for 20 weeks, it was ...
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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O procedimento da radioterapia não traz em si a garantia de qualquer resultado favorável, é preciso, antes, apostar em um planejamento minucioso e implementação cuidadosa do tratamento necessário para potencializar os benefícios da radioterapia através de sua aplicação. Primeiramente é preciso aplicar uma dose de radiação para as células tumorais em quantidade suficiente para matar as células cancerigenas no menor tempo possivel, aumentanto a possibilidade de controle da doença maligna, matando as células malignas e elevando a probabilidade de controlar a doença maligna, enquanto ao mesmo tempo, limita a dose para os tecidos saudáveis que circunda a célula com o tumor maligno, para que a probabilidade de dano induzindo a esses tecidos seja reduzida ao mínimo. Dentro desta perspectiva, o estudo teve por objetivo apresentar as atividades realizadas na Clínica de Radioterapia de São Carlos, procurando ampliar o conhecimento sobre a radioterapia para melhorar o atendimento aos pacientes com diagnóstico de cancer de mama e de cancer de prostata. Foi possivel neste período acompanhar a rotina de trabalho dos físicos médicos, que permitiram participar ativamente das atividades de planejamento, posicionamento do paciente, cálculo de dose, procurando manter a qualidade no atendimento aos pacientes. O estágio como componente curricular desempenha um papel fundamental no processo de formação. Responsável pela introdução do aluno no campo profissional, realmente possibilita a análise contextual dessa realidade na perspectiva de uma ação interventiva. Como aprendizagem maior é possível dizer que o estágio mostrou que nos dias atuais, os novos profissionais, se quiserem conquistar seu lugar, precisam juntar inteligência, conhecimento e capacidade emocional e social para enfrentar e poder atuar rumo às mudanças requeridas, a qualificação humana precisa ir além... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
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O trabalho propõe rotinas computacionais usando o Método de Monte Carlo com o Código MCNP-5, para analisar os perfis de dose de radiação liberada nos tratamentos de tumores de pele e otimizar os cálculos radiométricos dos feixes de radiação estudados. Foram realizadas medidas dosimétricas do feixe de radiação, comparando os resultados obtidos com os respectivos valores fornecidos pelo serviço de física médica das instituições, com resultados informados pelo fabricante do equipamento e com as simulações computacionais efetuadas com o Código MCNP-5. A quantificação dos erros relativos percentual entre os resultados simulados e os fornecidos pelo Serviço de Radioterapia (E1), os informados pelo fabricante (E2) e os medidos experimentalmente (E3) são inferiores a 4,0% e validam a metodologia computacional proposta para avaliação do comportamento do feixe de raios-X superficial e do feixe de raios γ da unidade de Cobaltoterapia. A metodologia de análise do espectro energético e da curva de porcentagem de dose profunda (PDP) desenvolvida neste trabalho pode ser estendida para estudos de outros feixes clínicos e subsidiar os dados radiométricos utilizados nos planejamentos e cálculos de dose realizados pelo profissional da física médica na sua rotina nos Serviços de Radioterapia
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O evento de splicing alternativo tem como resultado a geração de diversos produtos a partir do precursor do RNA mensageiro de um único gene, sendo o responsável, assim, pelo aumento da variedade de transcritos e proteínas existentes em uma célula. Estima-se que cerca de 90% dos genes humanos estejam sujeitos a este tipo de processamento. O funcionamento adequado do processo de splicing depende do reconhecimento correto dos limites entre trechos intrônicos e exônicos pela maquinaria enzimática, que se dá através do reconhecimento de diversos sinais, como os sítios de splicing 3’ e 5’, o trato de polipirimidina, a seqüência “branch”, e pequenas seqüências presentes em exons e introns, próximas aos sítios de splicing, que promovem ou inibem a inclusão de trechos na fita de RNA madura. É fato comprovado por diversos estudos que mutações nas seqüências sinalizadoras de splicing podem modificar o padrão de processamento de um gene. Acreditase que variações genéticas individuais possam modificar a suceptibilidade a diversas doenças, entre elas o câncer, que trata-se, atualmente, da doença que mais gera óbitos no mundo (13% do total). Recentemente, Sjoblom et al. (2006) e Wood et al. (2007) mapearam mutações não silenciosas encontradas em 1718 genes em linhagens de câncer de mama e colorretal. Neste trabalho, investigamos os efeitos dessas mutações somáticas presentes em câncer no padrão de splicing celular. Para tanto, nos focamos nas 201 mutações encontradas em quatro linhagens de câncer de mama (HCC1954, HCC1599, HCC1143 e HCC2157). A partir dos dados obtidos pela técnica de “Exon Array” (Affymetrix) e do mapeamento das mutações, foi realizada uma seleção dos genes aonde haviam mutações e eventos de splicing alternativos específicos a somente uma das linhagens celular, e cuja distância... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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Pós-graduação em Ginecologia, Obstetrícia e Mastologia - FMB
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Pós-graduação em Ginecologia, Obstetrícia e Mastologia - FMB
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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This study objective was to review a selection of publications on the treatment of benign and malignant tumors with the use of natural medicines obtained from terrestrial and marine flora, both for use in chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy. There are many medications already being used for this purpose and many are still being tested in vivo and in vitro, but all with great future prospects for inclusion in the market
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Pós-graduação em Biociências e Biotecnologia Aplicadas à Farmácia - FCFAR