Determinação direta de Ca, Mg, Mn e Zn em amostras de leite de búfala da Ilha de Marajó por espectrometria de absorção atômica com chama (FAAS)

This work proposes an analytical procedure for direct determination of calcium, magnesium, manganese and zinc in buffalo milk by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). Samples were diluted with a solution containing 10% (v/v) of water-soluble tertiary amines (CFA-C) at pH 8. For comparison, buffalo milk samples were digested with HNO3 and H2O2. According to a paired t-test, the results obtained in the determination of Ca, Mg, Mn and Zn in digested samples and in 10% (v/v) CFA-C medium were in agreement at a 95% confidence level. The developed procedure is simple, rapid, decrease the possibility of contamination and can be applied for the routine determination of Ca, Mg, Mn and Zn in buffalo milk samples without any difficulty caused by matrix constituents, such as fat content, and particle size distribution in the milk emulsion.

Influence of basic properties of Mg,Al-mixed oxides on their catalytic activity in knoevenagel condensation between benzaldehyde and phenylsulfonylacetonitrile

The catalytic performance of Mg,Al-mixed oxides (MO20, MO25 and MO33) derived from hydrotalcites was evaluated in the Knoevenagel reaction between benzaldehyde and phenylsulfonylacetonitrile at 373 and 383 K. The best results were obtained for the sample MO20 that presented the highest basic sites density and external area and the smallest crystallite sizes. The relative amount of basic sites with weak to intermediate strength also played an important role on catalytic performance. By increasing the catalyst content from 1 to 5 wt.% at 383 K, a complete conversion of the reactants is attained, producing α-phenylsulfonylcinnamonitrile with a selectivity of 100%.

Glicoproteína-P, resistência a múltiplas drogas (MDR) e relação estrutura-atividade de moduladores

Multidrug resistance, MDR is a major obstacle for cancer chemotherapy. MDR can be reversed by drugs that vary in their chemical structure and main biological activity. Many efforts have been done to overcome MDR based on studies of structure-activity relationships and in this review we summarize some aspects of MDR mediated by P-glycoprotein (P-gp), as the most experimentally and clinically tested form of drug resistance. The most significant MDR mechanisms revealed until now are shortly discussed. Physicochemical and structural properties of MDR modulators, measures of the MDR reversal, and QSAR studies are included.

Análise de risco de contaminação de águas superficiais e subterrâneas por pesticidas em municípios do Alto Paranaíba - MG

A preliminary analyses of the possible contamination of surface and groundwater by the active ingredients of the pesticide products used in the areas with intensive agricultural activities of Alto Paranaíba region, MG, Brazil, was carried out. The active ingredients and formulated products most used in the region were identified and their characteristics of environmental importance were presented. The EPA screening criteria, the groundwater ubiquity score (GUS) and the criteria proposed by Goss were used to evaluate which pesticides might contaminate the local waters. Among the active ingredients studied, several present risks to the local aquatic environment.

Química forense: perspectivas sobre novos métodos analíticos aplicados à documentoscopia, balística e drogas de abuso

In this review recent methods developed and applied to solve criminal occurences related to documentoscopy, ballistic and drugs of abuse are discussed. In documentoscopy, aging of ink writings, the sequence of line crossings and counterfeiting of documents are aspects to be solved with reproducible, fast and non-destructive methods. In ballistic, the industries are currently producing ''lead-free'' or ''nontoxic'' handgun ammunitions, so new methods of gunshot residues characterization are being presented. For drugs analysis, easy ambient sonic-spray ionization mass spectrometry (EASI-MS) is shown to provide a relatively simple and selective screening tool to distinguish m-CPP and amphetamines (MDMA) tablets, cocaine and LSD.

Aplicação de métodos quimiométricos na otimização da extração de Ca, Mg, K, Fe, Zn, Cu e Mn em folhas de braquiária

This work applied a 2² factorial design to the optimization of the extraction of seven elements (calcium, magnesium, potassium, iron, zinc, copper and manganese) in brachiaria leaves, determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The factors sample mass and digestion type were evaluated at two levels: 200/500 mg, and dry/wet, respectively. Principal component analysis allowed simultaneous discrimination of all the significant effects in one biplot. Wet digestion and mass of 200 mg were considered the best conditions. The decrease of 60% in sample mass allowed to save costs and reagents. The method was validated through the estimation of figures of merit.

Análise forense: pesquisa de drogas vegetais interferentes de testes colorimétricos para identificação dos canabinoides da maconha (Cannabis Sativa L.)

Marijuana (Cannabis sativa L.) is the most cultivated, trafficked and consumed illicit drug worldwide. Estimates indicate 10% of individuals experiencing marijuana become daily users, and 20-30% use it weekly. Around 489 natural compounds have been identified in this plant, of which 70 are cannabinoids, responsible for psychic effects. The most relevant cannabinoid is Δ9-THC, recognized as the main chemical substance with psychoactive effects. The aims of this work was to investigate whether other drugs interfere with the colorimetric tests Fast Blue B and Duquenois-Levine, widely used for marijuana screening in forensic chemistry laboratories.

Drogas de abuso em águas naturais e residuárias urbanas: ocorrência, determinação e aplicações forenses

Drugs of abuse are commonly used outside medical or legal settings where their production, marketing and consumption are subject to legal summons and/or intervention. Classified as emerging contaminants, these substances have been recently detected in samples of environmental concern, such as waters and wastewaters. This review presents the state-of-the-art on the methodological approaches used in sample preparation, the main techniques applied in analytical determination at trace levels, as well as the use of information related to the drug or its metabolite concentration in sewage samples to empirically estimate the consumption of drugs of abuse in a city or region.

Avaliação de tratamentos da amostra em microescala para a determinação de K, Mg, Na e Zn em carnes por técnicas de espectrometria atômica

This paper describes the development of methods in micro-scale for the determination of K, Mg, Na and Zn in meat by atomic spectrometry techniques. The limits of detection (LOD) for K and Na by microdigestion were 0.18 and 0.20 mg g-1, respectively whereas LOD for Mg and Zn by microsolubilization with TMAH were 2.40 and 18.4 µg g-1, respectively. The RSD values were lower than 6.0% and the CRMs analyzed showed values with 95% agreement. The proposed methods are simple, fast and use small amounts of sample (around 10 mg) yet do not require special equipment for sample preparation.

ANÁLISE EXPLORATÓRIA DAS CONCENTRAÇÕES DOS METAIS NA, CA, MG, SR E FE EM EXTRATO AQUOSO DE PETRÓLEO, DETERMINADOS POR ICP OES, APÓS OTIMIZAÇÃO EMPREGANDO PLANEJAMENTO DE EXPERIMENTOS

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the best operating conditions of ICP OES for the determination of Na, Ca, Mg, Sr and Fe in aqueous extract of crude oil obtained after hot extraction with organic solvents (ASTM D 6470-99 modified). Thus, the full factorial design and central composite design were used to optimize the best conditions for the flow of nebulization gas, the flow of auxiliary gas, and radio frequency power. After optimization of variables, a study to obtain correct classification of the 18 samples of aqueous extract of crude oils (E1 to E18) from three production and refining fields was carried out. Exploratory analysis of these extracts was performed by principal component analysis (PCA), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA), using the original variables as the concentration of the metals Na, Ca, Mg, Sr and Fe determined by ICP OES.

Effect of magnesium addition on the vacancy-Mg binding free enthalpy in Al-Cr alloys

The Mg-vacancy binding free enthalpy of Al-Cr solid solution alloys with Mg addition was calculated by electrical resistivity measurements. The obtained value is lower than that obtained for dilute Al-Mg alloys with almost the same Mg content and may be attributed to the diffusion of Mg.

Resistência de cultivares de alfafa à antracnose e à mancha de leptosphaerulina em Uberlândia-MG

Tendo em vista a importância da alfafa como forrageira para a produção de feno de alta qualidade, avaliou-se a susceptibilidade de 27 cultivares às doenças de parte aérea bem como progresso da doença nas condições climáticas da região de Uberlândia-MG. As doenças diagnosticadas foram: antracnose (Colletotrichum trifolii Bain & Essary) e mancha de leptosferulina (Leptosphaerulina briosiana (Pollaci) J. H. Graham & Luttrel). Os resultados indicaram as cultivares BR1, MONARCA, SUTTER, MARICOPA, BR4, SW821O, 5929 e MH15 mais resistentes às lesões de leptosferulina. As cultivares ARAUCANA, IC1990, MH15 E SW8112A mostraram-se resistentes à antracnose. As cultivares Maricopa e ICI990 não apresentaram desfolha. O trabalho apresentou uma correlação simples significativa entre severidade da antracnose e porcentagem de desfolha. O modelo quadrático adequou-se para a curva de progresso da doença da mancha de leptosferulina.

Situação vacinal dos discentes da Faculdade de Medicina da UFJF-MG

Os profissionais da área de saúde estão expostos a vários tipos de riscos ocupacionais, sendo o de maior impacto o risco biológico, devido ao contato direto com material orgânico potencialmente contaminado. A manutenção da situação vacinal atualizada é uma das ferramentas que devem ser empregadas neste contexto, além da adoção de medidas universais de biossegurança, sendo a educação fundamental neste processo. Avaliamos a situação vacinal e a percepção sobre risco biológico dos discentes da Faculdade de Medicina da UFJF em estudo observacional transversal (n = 136 alunos). Oitenta e nove alunos (65,4%) referiram estar com o cartão vacinal atualizado. Noventa e sete alunos (71,3%) receberam o esquema da hepatite B, e 99 (72,8%) o do tétano. Oitenta e seis 86 alunos (63,2%) declararam ter recebido orientação sobre imunização durante o curso. Setenta e três alunos (53,7%) já foram expostos a material potencialmente contaminado em suas atividades acadêmicas, e 97 deles (71,3%) usam equipamentos de proteção individual (EPI) nestas. Identificamos falhas na imunização (hepatite B e tétano), expondo os discentes a riscos desnecessários. A orientação relativa à imunização se mostrou insuficiente. A significativa taxa de exposição a risco biológico e o insatisfatório uso de EPIs verificados demandam maior atenção, a fim de prevenir acidentes.

Biossegurança e ensino de medicina na Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, (MG)

OBJETIVOS: Identificar as atitudes apresentadas por acadêmicos de Medicina da UFJF/MG (2007) com relação a Riscos Ocupacionais (RO), Precauções Universais (PU) e Equipamentos de Proteção (EPI), bem como seus critérios para utilizá-los. MÉTODOS: Utilizou-se a amostragem aleatória estratificada, com reposição, sendo selecionados 204 alunos do quinto ao décimo período do curso, dos quais 180 responderam. RESULTADOS: a) 66,11% relatam participarem de procedimentos com RO durante a graduação e 55,2% afirmaram não conhecerem as PU; b) o conhecimento acerca do uso de EPI foi adquirido por meio de aulas (53,8%); na prática, por observação (37,2%); ou orientação de professores (28,8%); c) 79,4% dos alunos se consideram expostos aos vírus HIV/HBV; d) 10% declararam já terem sofrido acidente com risco biológico durante a graduação; e) 13,89% não são vacinados contra o vírus da hepatite B. CONCLUSÕES: Parte considerável dos alunos de Medicina apresenta déficits de conhecimentos acerca de PU. Apesar da relevante cobertura vacinal para hepatite B, os estudantes não realizam procedimentos sorológicos rotineiramente. As atividades práticas de ensino precocemente instituídas parecem influenciar positivamente no conhecimento acerca das PU.