Automation Concept for Electrically Excited LV Synchronous Motor: Implementation into AC500 Programmable Logic Environment

This bachelor’s thesis is a part of the research project realized in the summer 2011 in Lappeenranta University of Technology. The goal of the project was to develop an automation concept for controlling the electrically excited synchronous motor. Thesis concentrates on the implementation of the automation concept into the ABB’s AC500 programmable logic enviroment. The automation program was developed as a state machine with the ABB’s PS501 Control Builder software. For controlling the automation program is developed a fieldbus control and with CodeSys Visualization Tool a local control with control panel. The fieldbus control is done to correspond the ABB drives communication profile and the local control is implemented with a function block which feeds right control words into the statemachine. A field current control of the synchronous motor is realized as a method presented in doctoral thesis of Olli Pyrhönen (Pyrhönen 1998). The Method combines stator flux and torque based openloop control and power factor based feedback control.

Performance impact of the application of castor oil biodiesel in diesel engines

The use of renewable fuels, such as the biodiesel, can ease the demand of fossil fuel for the power generation and transportation fields in rural area. In this work, the performance impact of the application of castor oil biodiesel is evaluated with an automotive and a stationary diesel engine. The application of B20 and B10 biodiesel blends and pre-heated net biodiesel is considered. The viability of the employment of B10 and B20 blends to mobility and power generation was observed from dynamometric bench tests, where this blends performed similar to fossil diesel. With the pre-heated net biodiesel, however, a brake torque loss and a specific consumption increase were observed with relation to diesel fuel.

Soil chiseling and fertilizer location in sugarcane ratoon cultivation

While the pre-harvest sugarcane burning is a disused practice, green harvest requires changes concerning ratoon cultivation due to the presence of a thick layer of straw. The experiment, conducted in a mechanical green harvesting area cultivated with sugarcane, consisted of two stages: in the first stage, the mechanical straw cutting performance of flat disks with different geometry edges was evaluated, considering two types of disks and 10 replications in a completely randomized design; in the second stage, the effect of soil chiseling on both sides of planting lines, using shanks with straw cutting flat disks, was assessed, as well as fertilizer deposition form. The experimental design in the second stage was completely randomized, with seven treatments and five replications. Treatments consisted of a combination of two straw cutting disks (smooth or toothed edge), chiseling presence or absence, and fertilizer deposition forms (broadcast, on the planting line, and incorporated into chiseling furrows). The toothed disk differed from the smooth one, presenting lower values of horizontal and vertical forces, and torque. The agroindustrial variables pol (%), brix (%), fiber (%), and ATR (kg Mg-1) were not influenced by the fertilizer deposition form and soil chiseling. However, the localized fertilizer deposition increased crop yield when compared with broadcast fertilization.

Externally excited synchronous machine: Testing the automation concept

This bachelor’s thesis is a part of the research project realized in the summer 2011 in Lappeenranta University of Technology. The goal of the project was to develop an automation concept for controlling the externally excited synchronous motor. Thesis concentrates on the testing planning and testing the system. Testing plan was made for three sectors: For the PLC program testing, for the communication testing and for the whole system testing. PLC program was tested with white box and destructive methods. Communication testing was done by switching maximum com-munication speed and checked if communication was reliable. Whole system testing included among other things speed and torque controlling. The system was tested with exploratory testing also. This enabled more reliable and broader testing than with systematical testing only.

Monimoottorikäyttöjen suojaukset, mitoitus ja ohjeistus

Työssä tutkitaan pienitehoisen monimoottoritaajuusmuuttajakäytön yhteismuotovirtojen aiheuttamia ongelmia. Työn tavoitteena on muodostaa monimoottorikäyttöjen toteuttajille opastus, jonka avulla sähkökäytön suunnittelun alkuvaiheessa voidaan ottaa huomioon monimoottorikäytön erikoistarpeita. Työn teoriaosuudessa esitellään taajuusmuuttajan vaihtosuuntaustekniikan aiheuttamia ongelmia, moottorikaapelin mallintamista ja vertaillaan ongelmien ratkaisukeinoja pienitehoisten taajuusmuuttajien näkökulmasta. Yhteismuotoista virtaa tutkitaan mittaamalla rakennetulla monimoottorikäytöllä sekä simuloimalla vaihdellen kaapelin pituutta ja moottorien lukumäärää. Mittaamalla vertaillaan myös virran suodatusratkaisuja. Muodostettu simulointimalli on hyvin yksinkertainen ja luotettavammat virta-arvot saadaankin mittauksella. Kuitenkin työn perusteella voidaan antaa ohjeita monimoottorikäytön suunnittelulle. Esimerkiksi jokaiselle moottorille täytyy suunnitella erillinen suojaus ja taajuusmuuttaja on syytä mitoittaa todellisen kuormavirran mukaan. Yhteismuotoisen virran aiheuttamat ongelmat ovat sitä pienempiä, mitä vähemmän moottoreita on rinnakkain ja mitä lyhyempi moottorikaapelien yhteispituus on.

Protocolo de reabilitação acelerada após reconstrução de ligamento cruzado anterior - dados normativos

OBJETIVO: Avaliar os resultados obtidos com o protocolo de reabilitação acelerada, adaptado às condições de clínica, em pacientes submetidos à operação de reconstrução do ligamento cruzado anterior. MÉTODOS: Foram incluídos 30 pacientes, praticantes de atividade esportiva recreacional, submetidos à operação de reconstrução do ligamento cruzado anterior por meio do tendão patelar. Todos fizeram a reabilitação com o mesmo protocolo de tratamento e no mesmo local. A avaliação isocinética em diferentes ângulos foi realizada antes da operação e no 4° mês de pós-operatório utilizando dinamômetro isocinético computadorizado da marca Cybex Norm. RESULTADOS: As avaliações no pré-operatório em média demonstraram: pico de torque flexor 93% a 60°/s e 97,3% a 180°/s; extensor 87,3% a 60°/s e 94,7% a 180°/s; potência nos músculos flexores de 93,3% e nos extensores de 96,7%; trabalho muscular dos flexores de 91,7% e nos extensores de 90,3%; o ângulo do pico de torque flexor de 28,7°, na musculatura extensora o ângulo foi de 62,2°; pico de torque excêntrico nos flexores de 78,3% e nos extensores de 12,8%. Com quatro meses de pós-operatório os resultados obtidos em média foram: pico de torque flexor 95,4% a 60°/s e 97,1% 180°/s; extensor 70% a 60°/s e 75,7% a 180°/s; potência nos músculos flexores de 97,1% e nos extensores de 79,8%; trabalho muscular dos flexores de 94,2% e nos extensores de 94,2%; pico de torque excêntrico dos flexores de 84% e nos extensores de 24,2%; o ângulo do pico de torque flexor foi a 27,3°; na musculatura extensora o ângulo foi de 61,7°. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados demonstraram que os pacientes tratados com o protocolo adaptado apresentam resultados semelhantes aos obtidos com o protocolo original em relação às condições musculares.

Project Master Document adaption in order fulfillment process

This thesis discusses adaption of new project management tool at ABB Oy Motors and Generators business unit, Synchronous Machines profit centre. Thesis studies project modeling in general and buries in the Gate Model used at ABB Synchronous Machines. It is essential to understand Gate Model because this new project management tool, called Project Master Document, is created on the base of the existing project model. Thesis also analyzes goals and structure of Project Master Document in order to ease implementation of this new tool. Project Master Document aims to improved customer order fulfillment by clearing order handover interface. Office process, especially responsibilities and target dates, become also clearer after Master Document implementation. The document is built to be frame for whole order fulfillment process including check points for each gate of project model and updated memos from all project meetings. Furthermore, project progress will be clearly stated by status markings and visualized with colors.

Automatic system identification and optimization of centrifugal pump operation

Centrifugal pumps are a notable end-consumer of electrical energy. Typical application of a centrifugal pump is the filling or emptying of a reservoir tank, where the pump is often operated at a constant speed until the process is completed. Installing a frequency converter to control the motor substitutes the traditional fixed-speed pumping system, allows the optimization of rotational speed profile for the pumping tasks and enables the estimation of rotational speed and shaft torque of an induction motor without any additional measurements from the motor shaft. Utilization of variable-speed operation provides the possibility to decrease the overall energy consumption of the pumping task. The static head of the pumping process may change during the pumping task. In such systems, the minimum rotational speed changes during reservoir filling or emptying, and the minimum energy consumption can’t be achieved with a fixed rotational speed. This thesis presents embedded algorithms to automatically identify, optimize and monitor pumping processes between supply and destination reservoirs, and evaluates the changing static head –based optimization method.

Design of salient pole PM synchronous machines for a vehicle traction application – Analysis and

This doctoral thesis presents a study on the development of a liquid-cooled frame salient pole permanent-magnet-exited traction machine for a four-wheel-driven electric car. The emphasis of the thesis is put on a radial flux machine design in order to achieve a light-weight machine structure for traction applications. The design features combine electromagnetic and thermal design methods, because traction machine operation does not have a strict operating point. Arbitrary load cycles and the flexible supply require special attention in the design process. It is shown that accurate modelling of the machine magnetic state is essential for high-performance operation. The saturation effect related to the cross-saturation has to be taken carefully into account in order to achieve the desired operation. Two prototype machines have been designed and built for testing: one totally enclosed machine with a special magnet module pole arrangement and another through-ventilated machine with a more traditional embedded magnet structure. Both structures are built with magnetically salient structures in order to increase the torque production capability with the reluctance torque component. Both machine structures show potential for traction usage. However, the traditional embedded magnet design turns out to be mechanically the more secure one of these two machine options.

Harrison special lämmityslaite

kuv., 14 x 20 cm

Fisher-korin hoito

kuv., 14 x 22 cm

Miten vaunun maalaus voidaan pysyttää hyvänä

kuv., 10 x 19 cm

Takuu- ja tarkastuskirja

9 x 16 cm

Takuu- ja tarkastuskirja

kuv., 9 x 15 cm

Takuu- ja tarkastuskirja

kuv., 9 x 15 cm