Comparison of earthquake-related consequences through loss analysis of different braced frame structural systems

Il presente elaborato di tesi tratta la valutazione di differenti sistemi di controventatura, sia dal punto di vista di risposta ad un evento sismico che in termini di perdite economiche legate al danneggiamento delle varie componenti. Tra di esse è presentata anche una nuova tipologia strutturale, ideata per ridurre il comportamento “soft-story” e “weak-story”, tipico delle strutture controventate convenzionali. In questo caso, è integrata alla struttura una trave reticolare metallica, che funge da supporto verticale ed è progettata per rimanere in campo elastico. Tale sostegno garantisce una distribuzione più uniforme degli sforzi lungo l’intera altezza della struttura, anziché concentrarli in un unico piano. La ricerca tratta lo studio della fattibilità economica di questa nuova tecnologia, rispetto alle precedenti soluzioni di controventatura adottate, confrontando le perdite economiche delle diverse soluzioni, applicate ad un unico prototipo di edificio collocato a Berkeley, CA. L’analisi sismica tiene in considerazione di tre diversi livelli di intensità, riferiti a un periodo di ritorno di 50 anni, corrispondente alla vita dell’edificio: questi sono caratterizzati dalla probabilità di ricorrenza, rispettivamente del 2%, 10% e 50% ogni 50 anni. L’ambito di ricerca presentato è estremamente innovativo e di primario interesse per lo sviluppo di uno studio sulla resilienza, che può essere adattato anche in un modello di urbanizzazione futura.

Analysis of the scale effect in different computed tomography systems on the evaluation of bone tissue parameters

Tra le patologie ossee attualmente riconosciute, l’osteoporosi ricopre il ruolo di protagonista data le sua diffusione globale e la multifattorialità delle cause che ne provocano la comparsa. Essa è caratterizzata da una diminuzione quantitativa della massa ossea e da alterazioni qualitative della micro-architettura del tessuto osseo con conseguente aumento della fragilità di quest’ultimo e relativo rischio di frattura. In campo medico-scientifico l’imaging con raggi X, in particolare quello tomografico, da decenni offre un ottimo supporto per la caratterizzazione ossea; nello specifico la microtomografia, definita attualmente come “gold-standard” data la sua elevata risoluzione spaziale, fornisce preziose indicazioni sulla struttura trabecolare e corticale del tessuto. Tuttavia la micro-CT è applicabile solo in-vitro, per cui l’obiettivo di questo lavoro di tesi è quello di verificare se e in che modo una diversa metodica di imaging, quale la cone-beam CT (applicabile invece in-vivo), possa fornire analoghi risultati, pur essendo caratterizzata da risoluzioni spaziali più basse. L’elaborazione delle immagini tomografiche, finalizzata all’analisi dei più importanti parametri morfostrutturali del tessuto osseo, prevede la segmentazione delle stesse con la definizione di una soglia ad hoc. I risultati ottenuti nel corso della tesi, svolta presso il Laboratorio di Tecnologia Medica dell’Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli di Bologna, mostrano una buona correlazione tra le due metodiche quando si analizzano campioni definiti “ideali”, poiché caratterizzati da piccole porzioni di tessuto osseo di un solo tipo (trabecolare o corticale), incluso in PMMA, e si utilizza una soglia fissa per la segmentazione delle immagini. Diversamente, in casi “reali” (vertebre umane scansionate in aria) la stessa correlazione non è definita e in particolare è da escludere l’utilizzo di una soglia fissa per la segmentazione delle immagini.

Modelling nitrous oxide emissions from mown-grass and grain-cropping systems : Testing and sensitivity analysis of DailyDayCent using high frequency measurements

The lead author, Nimai Senapati (Post doc), was funded by the European community’s Seventh Framework programme (FP2012-2015) under grant agreement no. 262060 (ExpeER). The research leading to these results has received funding principally from the ANR (ANR-11-INBS-0001), AllEnvi, CNRS-INSU. We would like to thank the National Research Infrastructure ‘Agro-écosystèmes, Cycles Biogéochimique et Biodiversité (SOERE-ACBB http://www.soere-acbb.com/fr/) for their support in field experiment. We are deeply indebted to Christophe deBerranger, Xavier Charrier for their substantial technical assistance and Patricia Laville for her valuables suggestion regarding N2O flux estimation.

Severity-Sensitive Robustness Analysis in Normative Systems

Postprint

Comparative genomic analysis of novel Acinetobacter symbionts : A combined systems biology and genomics approach

Acknowledgements This work was supported by University of Delhi, Department of Science and Technology- Promotion of University Research and Scientific Excellence (DST-PURSE). V.G., S.H. and U.S. gratefully acknowledge the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), University Grant Commission (UGC) and Department of Biotechnology (DBT) for providing research fellowship.

An analysis of selected secretion systems of Pseudomonas species

Direct secretion systems which deliver molecules from one cell to another have huge significance in shaping bacterial communities or in determining the outcome of bacterial associations with eukaryotic organisms. This work examines the roles of the Type III Secretion System (T3SS) and the Type VI Secretion System (T6SS) systems of Pseudomonas, a widespread genus including clinical pathogens and biocontrol strains. Bioinformatic analysis of T6SS phylogeny and associated gene content within Pseudomonas identified several T6SS phylogenetic groups, and linked T6SS components VgrG and Hcp encoded outside of T6SS gene loci with their cognate T6SS phylogenetic groups. Remarkably, such “orphan” vgrG and hcp genes were found to occur in diverse, horizontally transferred, operons often containing putative T6SS accessory components and effectors. The prevalence of a widespread superfamily of T6SS lipase effectors (Tle) was assessed in metagenomes from various environments. The abundance of the Tle superfamily and individual families varied between niches, suggesting there is niche specific selection and specialisation of Tle. Experimental work also discovered that P. fluorescens F113 uses the SPI-1 T3SS to avoid amoeboid grazing in mixed populations. This finding may represent a significant aspect of F113 rhizocompetence, and the rhizocompetence of other Rhizobacteria.

STPA-SafeSec: Safety and Security Analysis for Cyber-Physical Systems

Cyber-physical systems tightly integrate physical processes and information and communication technologies. As today’s critical infrastructures, e.g., the power grid or water distribution networks, are complex cyber-physical systems, ensuring their safety and security becomes of paramount importance. Traditional safety analysis methods, such as HAZOP, are ill-suited to assess these systems. Furthermore, cybersecurity vulnerabilities are often not considered critical, because their effects on the physical processes are not fully understood. In this work, we present STPA-SafeSec, a novel analysis methodology for both safety and security. Its results show the dependencies between cybersecurity vulnerabilities and system safety. Using this information, the most effective mitigation strategies to ensure safety and security of the system can be readily identified. We apply STPA-SafeSec to a use case in the power grid domain, and highlight its benefits.

Damping Torque Analysis of Power Systems with DFIGs for Wind Power Generation

A grid-connected DFIG for wind power generation can affect power system small-signal angular stability in two ways: by changing the system load flow condition and dynamically interacting with synchronous generators (SGs). This paper presents the application of conventional method of damping torque analysis (DTA) to examine the effect of DFIG’s dynamic interactions with SGs on the small-signal angular stability. It shows that the effect is due to the dynamic variation of power exchange between the DFIG and power system and can be estimated approximately by the DTA. Consequently, if the DFIG is modelled as a constant power source when the effect of zero dynamic interactions is assumed, the impact of change of load flow brought about by the DFIG can be determined. Thus the total effect of DFIG can be estimated from the result of DTA added on that of constant power source model. Applications of the DTA method proposed in the paper are discussed. An example of multi-machine power systems with grid-connected DFIGs are presented to demonstrate and validate the DTA method proposed and conclusions obtained in the paper.

A multi vector energy analysis for interconnected power and gas systems

This paper presents the first multi vector energy analysis for the interconnected energy systems of Great Britain (GB) and Ireland. Both systems share a common high penetration of wind power, but significantly different security of supply outlooks. Ireland is heavily dependent on gas imports from GB, giving significance to the interconnected aspect of the methodology in addition to the gas and power interactions analysed. A fully realistic unit commitment and economic dispatch model coupled to an energy flow model of the gas supply network is developed. Extreme weather events driving increased domestic gas demand and low wind power output were utilised to increase gas supply network stress. Decreased wind profiles had a larger impact on system security than high domestic gas demand. However, the GB energy system was resilient during high demand periods but gas network stress limited the ramping capability of localised generating units. Additionally, gas system entry node congestion in the Irish system was shown to deliver a 40% increase in short run costs for generators. Gas storage was shown to reduce the impact of high demand driven congestion delivering a reduction in total generation costs of 14% in the period studied and reducing electricity imports from GB, significantly contributing to security of supply.

A novel methodology for analysis of large scale interconnected power and gas systems

The European Union continues to exert a large influence on the direction of member states energy policy. The 2020 targets for renewable energy integration have had significant impact on the operation of current power systems, forcing a rapid change from fossil fuel dominated systems to those with high levels of renewable power. Additionally, the overarching aim of an internal energy market throughout Europe has and will continue to place importance on multi-jurisdictional co-operation regarding energy supply. Combining these renewable energy and multi-jurisdictional supply goals results in a complicated multi-vector energy system, where the understanding of interactions between fossil fuels, renewable energy, interconnection and economic power system operation is increasingly important. This paper provides a novel and systematic methodology to fully understand the changing dynamics of interconnected energy systems from a gas and power perspective. A fully realistic unit commitment and economic dispatch model of the 2030 power systems in Great Britain and Ireland, combined with a representative gas transmission energy flow model is developed. The importance of multi-jurisdictional integrated energy system operation in one of the most strategically important renewable energy regions is demonstrated.