Flebotomíneos (Diptera, Psychodidae) de área de cerrado no Município de Corumbataí, Centro-leste do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil.

Distribution and ecology knowledge of sandfly species is essential for epidemiology vigilance and risk determination for transmission of leishmaniasis. Sandfly trapping was carried out in a cerrado strictu sensu vegetation fragment in a rural area of Corumbataí Municipality, São Paulo State, Brazil, during July to November 2004. Two CDC light traps were used from 18h to 8h, once a month, resulting in 112 total hours of capture. During this period, 60 sandfly specimens of ten different species were sampled. The most abundant species and the one found in all captures was Pintomyia monticola totalizing 15 (25.0%) specimens, the second more abundant one was P. pessoai with 14 (23.3%) and the third one was Brumptomyia guimaraesi with 12 (20.0%) individuals collected. Other captured species were Psathyromyia aragaoi, B. avellari, B. brumpti, B. cunhai, P. bianchigalatiae, Evandromyia termitophila and Nyssomyia whitmani which corresponded to 19 (31.2%) specimens captured. Pintomyia pessoai and N. whitmani presence indicates transmission risk of American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in the area.

Paracoccidioidomicose é esporotricose associada à imunossupressão

Paracoccidioidomycosis is caused by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, a dimorphic fungus, prevalent in tropical and subtropical America. It is rare in the United States of America, Canada, Asia and Europe and in these countries it is related to immigrants from endemic areas. Paracoccidioidomycosis associated with immunosuppression runs a course with rapid progression and dissemination of the disease, with many cutaneous lesions. The mortality rate is up to 35% when associated with HIV infection or AIDS. The diagnosis depends on visualization of the agent through direct examination, histopathology, or culture. First choice treatment is done with Amphotericin B deoxycholate. Itraconazole is an option for long term treatment. Sporotrichosis is caused by Sporothrix schenckii, the species of reference. Other species have been considered such as: Sporothrix brasiliensis, S.globosa and S.mexicana and the S.schenckii var. lurei. It is a ubiquitous disease although more prevalent in tropical and subtropical areas. Currently, it has been reported as a zoonotic disease of cats and dogs, with transmission to their owners in the city of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil). Sporotrichosis associated to immunosuppression is uncommon or underreported. There were 34 cases in association with HIV infection or AIDS reported so far. Presenting with disseminated disease and non cutaneous lesions including joints, lungs and central nervous system. Amphotericin B deoxycholate is the first choice for treatment and itraconazol considered an alternative.

Oral stomatitis induced by endogenous progesterone: Case report

Oral stomatitis induced by endogenous progesterone is a rare clinical condition which may be associated with cutaneous involvement. That is probably due to the peak of progesterone production during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. In the present case report, a 21-year-old patient displayed recurrent ulcerative lesions located on the buccal mucosa or the upper lip, on a monthly basis since the age of 15. Such lesions would always manifest themselves on the second day until the end of the menstrual cycle. © 2009 Informa UK Ltd All rights reserved.

Incontinentia pigmenti presenting as hypodontia in a 3-year-old girl: A case report

Introduction. Incontinentia pigmenti or Bloch-Sulzberger syndrome is a rare X-linked dominant disease that mainly affects the skin, eyes, hair, central nervous system and teeth. The disease is predominant among women. Although dermatologic manifestations are among the most important aspects for the diagnosis of the syndrome, they are less damaging to the patient and do not require treatment. However, oral involvement characterized by hypodontia of deciduous and permanent teeth is important for the diagnosis and treatment of the patient. Case presentation. We report the case of a 3-year-old girl with ophthalmologic and neurologic disturbances, cutaneous manifestations and hypodontia. Since the patient did not present more damaging manifestations such as neurologic and/or ophthalmologic problems, her most severe complications were related to dental anomalies. The importance of integrated dental treatment, which combines pediatric dentistry, orthodontics and conventional prosthesis, is emphasized. Conclusion. Hypodontia is a frequent finding in incontinentia pigmenti, and dentists should be aware of this condition in order to help with the diagnosis. © 2009 Kitakawa et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

Eficácia do extrato aquoso do Triticum vulgare no tratamento de radiodermatites geradas pelo uso da radioterapia em gatos

The use of ionizing radiation in the treatment of oncological diseases in veterinary medicine has grown in recent years. In general, these animals are very well tolerated by the treatment with radioactive elements; however, the harmful effects that may occur are not always able to be controlled, particularly those relating to skin burns. Then, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of aqueous extract of Triticum vulgare in treat of 10 cats radiodermatitis with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), which were treated with radiotherapy as single modality treatment. The drug was used topically and daily until complete healing of wounds. Based on the findings, it may concluded beneficial effects of the drug, because it allowed the formation of granulation tissue and epithelization of wounds with epidermal repair not exuberant, good-quality cosmetics and, considering the deleterious effects that can result from cancer treatments.

Avaliação histológica e morfométrica do retalho axial oris angularis e da terapia por ondas de choque aplicados a defeito palpebral experimental em cães

Considering that the cutaneous flap can be affected by isquemic complications the extra corporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) was described as rescue techniques. The present study was developed to analyze histological and with morfometry, twenty one skin samples treated or not with the shock wave therapy, obtained from flap's distal border, used in this study to repair eyelids' experimental defects in dogs. The flap with or without ESWT did not show any histological sign of inflammatory or atrophic alterations. Both group treated showed similar morphometrical characteristics. The ESWT with the protocol used in this study (2500 impulses at 0,15 mJ/mm 2) did not demonstrate significant clinical outcomes as a rescue technique when applied over the oris angularis flap, however results showed no signals of collateral deleterious effects.

Aparecimento de psoríase durante o tratamento das doenças inflamatórias intestinais com infliximabe: A terapia biológica deve ser suspensa?

Context - Several paradoxical cases of infliximab-induced or-exacerbated psoriatic lesions have been described in the recent years. There is disagreement regarding the need to discontinue infliximab in order to achieve the resolution of these adverse cutaneous reactions specifically in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. Objective - To systematically review the literature to collect information on IBD patients that showed this adverse cutaneous reaction, focusing mainly on the therapeutic approach. Methods - A systematic literature review was performed utilizing Medline, Embase, SciELO and Lilacs databases. Published studies were identified, reviewed and the data were extracted. Results - Thirty-four studies (69 IBD patients) met inclusion criteria for review. There was inconsistency in reporting of some clinical and therapeutic aspects. Most patients included had Crohn's disease (89.86%), was female (47.83%), had an average age of 27.11 years, and no reported history of psoriasis (84.05%). The patients developed primarily plaque-type psoriasis (40.58%). There was complete remission of psoriatic lesions in 86.96% of IBD patients, existing differences in the therapeutic approaches; cessation of infliximab therapy led to resolution in 47.83% of cases and 43.48% of patients were able to continue infliximab therapy. Conclusion - As increasing numbers of IBD patients with psoriasis induced or exacerbated by infliximab, physicians should be aware of its clinical manifestations so that appropriate diagnosis and treatment are properly established. The decision whether to continue or discontinue infliximab should be individualized.

Ocorrência de anticorpos contra Leishmania spp., Neospora caninum e Toxoplasma gondii em soros de cães atendidos no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Estadual de Londrina-Pr

The aim of this study was to detect the presence of IgG antibodies anti-Leishmania spp., Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in dogs from a Veterinary Hospital from Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Blood samples from 112 animals were obtained by jugular venipuncture to obtain sera. The samples were tested by indirect immunofluorescence to detect antibodies anti-Leishmania spp., anti-N. caninum and anti-T. gondii. Thirteen (11.61%), 25 (22.32%), and 57 (50.89%) samples were positive for Leishmania spp., N. caninum, and T. gondii, respectively. The co-presence of anti-Leishmania spp. and N. caninum was observed in 6 (5.36%), anti-Leishmania spp. and anti-T. gondii in 8 (14.7%), and anti-N. caninum and anti-T. gondii in 18 (16.07%) samples. The co-presence of anti-Leishmania spp., anti-N. caninum and anti-T. gondii was observed in 5 (4.46%) dogs. There was a higher prevalence of Leishmania in Toxoplasma and Neospora positive animals, however, these results were not statistically significant (range p = 0.052 p = 0.06). The dogs have an important role in the epidemiological cycle of these diseases, which are important in animal and public health. The northern state of Paraná is an endemic area for human cutaneous leishmaniasis, therefore, studies should be conducted to uncover the real role of dogs as reservoirs of Leishmania to humans in the state.

Paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus glutamate neurotransmission modulates autonomic, neuroendocrine and behavioral responses to acute restraint stress in rats

In the present study, the involvement of paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) glutamate receptors in the modulation of autonomic (arterial blood pressure, heart rate and tail skin temperature) and neuroendocrine (plasma corticosterone) responses and behavioral consequences evoked by the acute restraint stress in rats was investigated. The bilateral microinjection of the selective non-NMDA glutamate receptor antagonist NBQX (2 nmol/ 100 nL) into the PVN reduced the arterial pressure increase as well as the fall in the tail cutaneous temperature induced by the restraint stress, without affecting the stress-induced tachycardiac response. On the other hand, the pretreatment of the PVN with the selective NMDA glutamate receptor antagonist LY235959 (2 nmol/100 nL) was able to increase the stress-evoked pressor and tachycardiac response, without affecting the fall in the cutaneous tail temperature. The treatment of the PVN with LY235959 also reduced the increase in plasma corticosterone levels during stress and inhibited the anxiogenic-like effect observed in the elevated plus-maze 24 h after the restraint session. The present results show that NMDA and non-NMDA receptors in the PVN differently modulate responses associated to stress. The PVN glutamate neurotransmission, via non-NMDA receptors, has a facilitatory influence on stress-evoked autonomic responses. On the other hand, the present data point to an inhibitory role of PVN NMDA receptors on the cardiovascular responses to stress. Moreover, our findings also indicate an involvement of PVN NMDA glutamate receptors in the mediation of the plasma corticosterone response as well as in the delayed emotional consequences induced by the restraint stress. © 2012 Elsevier B.V. and ECNP.

Estudo soroepidemiológico de leishmaniose em equinos na região de Araçatuba-SP, Brasil, área endêmica para leishmaniose visceral

The aim of the present study was to perform a leishmaniasis survey in horses from Araçatuba, São Paulo, an endemic area of Brazil. Of the 466 horses tested for the presence of anti-Leishmania chagasi titers by ELISA, 68 (14.59%) were seropositive, with titers varying between 0.324 and 0.813. ELISA positive samples were also tested by immunocromatography and 19/466 (4.08%) were positive. The results of the present study indicated that equines are in contact and can attract phlebotomines, and highlight the necessity of a more accurate investigation on the role played by the horses living in endemic areas, in order to help to control the spread of the illness.

Induction or exacerbation of psoriatic lesions during anti-TNF-α therapy for inflammatory bowel disease: A systematic literature review based on 222 cases

Background: Paradoxical cases of psoriatic lesions induced or exacerbated by anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α therapy have been reported more frequently in recent years, but data related to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are rare. A systematic literature review was performed to provide information about this adverse effect in patients with IBD who receive anti-TNF therapy. Methods: Published studies were identified by a search of Medline, Embase, Cochrane, SciELO, and LILACS databases. Results: A total of 47 studies (222 patients) fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were selected for analysis. Clinical and therapeutic aspects varied considerably among these reports. Of the 222 patients, 78.38% were diagnosed with Crohn's disease, and 48.20% were female. The mean patient age was 26.50. years, and 70.72% of patients had no history of psoriasis. Patients developed psoriasiform lesions (55.86%) more often than other types of psoriatic lesions, and infliximab was the anti-TNF-α therapy that caused the cutaneous reaction in most patients (69.37%). Complete remission of cutaneous lesions was observed in 63.96% of the cases. Conclusions: We found that psoriatic lesions occurred predominantly in adult patients with Crohn's disease who received infliximab and had no previous history of psoriasis. Most patients can be managed conservatively without discontinuing anti-TNF-α therapy. © 2012 European Crohn's and Colitis Organisation.

Evaluation of skin hydration after exposition to the aqueous and hydroalcoholic bases and silicone emulsion

Several dermocosmetic bases even without active substances, can increase the cutaneous hydration, resulting in a beneficial effect to the skin. The evidence and interpretation of possible hydration effect of formulations in the skin can be carried through by means of histopathological and histomorphometrical evaluation, a time that allows the analysis of the epithelial tissue, of dermis and also of the cellular characteristics. The objective of this research was to evaluate the skin hydration after exposition to the aqueous and hydroalcoholic bases and silicone emulsion. Swines had areas submitted to treatments during 15 days with three different formulations (F1 - aqueous gel, F2 - hydroalcoholic gel and F3 - silicone emulsion). By means of histometric and histopathological techniques were gotten the thickness of the epidermis and stratum corneum. Comparison of means was done using ANOVA followed by the Tukey test. The F1 provoked significant increase in the thickness of the epidermis. The formulaton F2 provoked significant reduction in the thickness of the epidermis and stratum corneum. F3 not presented significant difference in this structures. According to the study, the type of base chosen intervenes with the skin hydration.

Phylogenetic and structural studies of a novel equine papillomavirus identified from aural plaques

Papillomaviruses (PVs) infect a wide range of animal species and show great genetic diversity. To date, excluding equine sarcoids, only three species of PVs were identified associated with lesions in horses: Equus caballus papillomavirus 1 (EcPV1-cutaneous), EcPV2 (genital) and EcPV3 (aural plaques). In this study, we identified a novel equine PV from aural plaques, which we designated EcPV4. Cutaneous samples from horses with lesions that were microscopically diagnosed as aural plaques were subjected to DNA extraction, amplification and sequencing. Rolling circle amplification and inverse PCR with specific primers confirmed the presence of an approximately 8. kb circular genome. The full-length EcPV4 L1 major capsid protein sequence has 1488 nucleotides (495 amino acids). EcPV4 had a sequence identity of only 53.3%, 60.2% and 51.7% when compared with the published sequences for EcPV1, EcPV2 and EcPV3, respectively. A Bayesian phylogenetic analysis indicated that EcPV4 clusters with EcPV2, but not with EcPV1 and EcPV3. Using the current PV classification system that is based on the nucleotide sequence of L1, we could not define the genus of the newly identified virus. Therefore, a structural analysis of the L1 protein was carried out to aid in this classification because EcPV4 cause lesion similar to the lesion caused by EcPV3. A comparison of the superficial loops demonstrated a distinct amino acid conservation pattern between EcPV4/EcPV2 and EcPV4/EcPV3. These results demonstrate the presence of a new equine PV species and that structural studies could be useful in the classification of PVs. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.

Histoplasmose cutânea reveladora de infecção pelo HIV

Histoplasmosis is a systemic mycosis endemic in extensive areas of the Americas. The authors report on an urban adult male patient with uncommon oral-cutaneous lesions proven to be histoplasmosis. Additional investigation revealed unnoticed HIV infection with CD4+ cell count of 7/mm3. The treatment was performed with amphotericin B, a 2065 mg total dose followed by itraconazole 200mg/daily plus antiretroviral therapy with apparent cure. Histoplasmosis is an AIDS-defining opportunistic disease process; therefore, its clinical diagnosis must drive full laboratory investigation looking for unnoted HIV-infection. © 2013 by Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia.

Morfologia, ultraestrutura e morfometria do tegumento da paca (Cuniculus paca Linnaeus, 1766) criada em cativeiro

Considering the lack of detailed information about the morphology of paca, which is the second largest rodent of Brazilian's fauna, with excellent meat quality and, due to the importance of the common integument, we described the morphology, ultrastructure and morphometry of the skin of eight pacas (Cuniculus paca), males and females, through comparative analysis of skin's segments of the cervical, dorsal and medial carpal portions. Macroscopic characteristics of the coat were studied. Part of the segments of cutaneous regions was analyzed by light microscopy, and the other part by scanning electron microscopy. We measured the thickness of dermis, epidermis, stratum corneum, the profiles of the collagen fibers of reticular dermis and the area of filled sebaceous gland cells. The results were analyzed by descriptive statistics and T test (p<0.001). The color of the coat is reddish brown with bristles arranged in groups. The architecture of the skin and skin appendages resembles those of mammals in general, although there are no sweat glands. According to the morphometric analysis, this study shows differences of the skin architecture between male and female pacas and also between various body regions in the same animal.