Comparison of contaminant removal effectiveness and air change efficiency as indicator of air diffusion quality.

The ventilation efficiency concept is an attempt to quantify a parameter that can easily distinguish the different options for air diffusion in the building spaces. Thirteen strategies of air diffusion were measured in a test chamber through the application of the tracer gas method, with the objective to validate the calculation by Computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Were compared the Air Change Efficiency (ACE) and the Contaminant Removal Effectiveness (CRE), the two indicators most internationally accepted. The main results from this work shows that the values of the numerical simulations are in good agreement with experimental measurements and also, that the solutions to be adopted for maximizing the ventilation efficiency should be the schemes that operate with low speeds of supply air and small differences between supply air temperature and the room temperature.

Liaisons dangereuses, conservation of modern and contemporary art: a study of the synthetic binding media in Portugal

Dissertação apresentada para obtenção do Grau de Doutor em Conservação e Restauro, especialidade de Ciências da Conservação, pela Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia

Jorge Lobo’s disease: experimental inoculation in Swiss mice

Sixty-four isogenic Swiss mice were intradermically inoculated in both hind foot pads. The inocula, consisting of fungal suspensions from biopsies obtained from Jorge Lobo’s Disease patients, had the total number of fungi and the viability index determined using a Neubauer chamber and the fluorescein diacetate-ethidium bromide technique (FD-EB), respectively. The animals were sacrificed at times ranging from ten days to eighteen months after inoculation. The cellular infiltrate, mainly consisting of macrophages containing fungi, increased progressively up to end of the study; however, no macroscopic alterations were observed in the inoculated feet. After nine months, small numbers of Langhans’ giant cells started to appear in the infiltrate. A considerable number of fungi was observed at the end of the experimental period, but only a few were viable when stained by the FD-EB technique. This fact suggests that there is a multiplication of fungal cells, which are destroyed by the macrophages but remain in the tissue for a long time due perhaps to the difficulties in their elimination. These findings led us to conclude that in spite of the maintenance of the infection in these animals, Swiss mice cannot be considered an ideal model to study Jorge Lobo’s Disease. However, the authors call attention to the possibility of other mouse strains being more susceptible to Paracoccidioides loboi.

A termografia aplicada à eficiência energética de equipamentos e processos em contexto industrial do tratamento de alumínios

A dissertação apresentada tem como objetivo primordial testar e validar as potencialidades da termografia na obtenção de dados para reduzir as perdas ou ganhos térmicos em equipamentos e processos, tornando-os mais eficientes. Realizada em estágio curricular, em ambiente empresarial, na empresa Ecoinside, tem como caso de estudo principal uma indústria de tratamento de alumínios. O processo e os equipamentos escolhidos para o estudo foram estudados e compreendidos. Nas imperfeições detetadas foram apontadas medidas corretivas simples e de fácil execução. Mostrou-se, ainda, algumas das poupanças energéticas concedidas por essas retificações. As capacidades da termografia foram testadas noutros ambientes, que não o industrial, pois um dos objectivos era perceber se a câmara termográfica é uma mais-valia a fornecer dados na realização de uma qualquer auditoria energética, confirmando-se que sim. Dá-se, ainda, a conhecer os princípios por detrás da termografia e um pouco da sua história. Ainda no passado, percebem-se as razões do surgimento das auditorias energéticas antes da presente preocupação ambiental e da eficiência energética.

Microglial clearance function: dependence on phenotypes

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Genética Molecular e Biomedicina

Cardiologia Pré-Natal. Da Suspeita à Confirmação

The mortality rate is high and prognosis is worse among new-borns with prenatal diagnosis of heart malformation, mainly due to factors such as its association with other malformations, and a range of more severe diseases probably resulting from the predominance of the obstetric use of the four chamber view. In this study we retrospectively assessed the range of cardiopathies diagnosed by foetal echocardiography and their evolution, compared with previous years. From January 1994 to December 1995, 1173 foetal echocardiograms were performed at a gestation age of 24 weeks. Sixty-one foetuses (5.2%) had cardiac anomalies, structural in 56 and arrhythmia in 5. The risks and indications were maternal in 37%, foetal in 31%, familial in 17% and environmental in 15%. Three were false negatives (VSD:2; truncus arteriosus: 1). Five died in utero, and 18 were assessed after birth with a mean gestational age of 37 weeks and birth weight of 3 Kg, a caesarean section was performed in 9. All but one were born in central hospitals. Six children were operated on. Two children died, one after surgery. Compared with the four previous years of activity, indication due to foetal risk rose from 6 to 31%, the number of cases diagnosed with heart disease increased from 14 to 30 per year, and the mortality decreased from 59 to 11%. Despite this, we still observe that the vast majority of new-borns who are hospitalised due to a severe heart disease had no prenatal diagnosis, indicating the need to continue our educational policy in this field.

Utilidade do Doppler Tecidular na Predição de Eventos Arrítmicos em Adultos com Tetralogia de Fallot Corrigida

INTRODUCTION: Adults with repaired tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) may be at risk for progressive right ventricular (RV) dilatation and dysfunction, which is commonly associated with arrhythmic events. In frequently volume-overloaded patients with congenital heart disease, tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) is particularly useful for assessing RV function. However, it is not known whether RV TDI can predict outcome in this population. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether RV TDI parameters are associated with supraventricular arrhythmic events in adults with repaired TOF. METHODS: We studied 40 consecutive patients with repaired TOF (mean age 35 +/- 11 years, 62% male) referred for routine echocardiographic exam between 2007 and 2008. The following echocardiographic measurements were obtained: left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction, LV end-systolic volume, LV end-diastolic volume, RV fractional area change, RV end-systolic area, RV end-diastolic area, left and right atrial volumes, mitral E and A velocities, RV myocardial performance index (Tei index), tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), myocardial isovolumic acceleration (IVA), pulmonary regurgitation color flow area, TDI basal lateral, septal and RV lateral peak diastolic and systolic annular velocities (E' 1, A' 1, S' 1, E' s, A' s, S' s, E' rv, A' rv, S' rv), strain, strain rate and tissue tracking of the same segments. QRS duration on resting ECG, total duration of Bruce treadmill exercise stress test and presence of exercise-induced arrhythmias were also analyzed. The patients were subsequently divided into two groups: Group 1--12 patients with previous documented supraventricular arrhythmias (atrial tachycardia, fibrillation or flutter) and Group 2 (control group)--28 patients with no previous arrhythmic events. Univariate and multivariate analysis was used to assess the statistical association between the studied parameters and arrhythmic events. RESULTS: Patients with previous events were older (41 +/- 14 vs. 31 +/- 6 years, p = 0.005), had wider QRS (173 +/- 20 vs. 140 +/- 32 ms, p = 0.01) and lower maximum heart rate on treadmill stress testing (69 +/- 35 vs. 92 +/- 9%, p = 0.03). All patients were in NYHA class I or II. Clinical characteristics including age at corrective surgery, previous palliative surgery and residual defects did not differ significantly between the two groups. Left and right cardiac chamber dimensions and ventricular and valvular function as evaluated by conventional Doppler parameters were also not significantly different. Right ventricular strain and strain rate were similar between the groups. However, right ventricular myocardial TDI systolic (Sa: 5.4+2 vs. 8.5 +/- 3, p = 0.004) and diastolic indices and velocities (Ea, Aa, septal E/Ea, and RV free wall tissue tracking) were significantly reduced in patients with arrhythmias compared to the control group. Multivariate linear regression analysis identified RV early diastolic velocity as the sole variable independently associated with arrhythmic history (RV Ea: 4.5 +/- 1 vs. 6.7 +/- 2 cm/s, p = 0.01). A cut-off for RV Ea of < 6.1 cm/s identified patients in the arrhythmic group with 86% sensitivity and 59% specificity (AUC = 0.8). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that TDI may detect RV dysfunction in patients with apparently normal function as assessed by conventional echocardiographic parameters. Reduction in RV early diastolic velocity appears to be an early abnormality and is associated with occurrence of arrhythmic events. TDI may be useful in risk stratification of patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot.

Otimização do Funcionamento da ETAR das Termas de S. Vicente, Penafiel

A água é um recurso natural único, escasso e essencial a todos os seres vivos, o que a torna um bem de extrema importância. Nos dias de hoje, o desperdício deste bem, aliado ao aumento da sua procura, tornou-se um problema devido à decrescente disponibilidade de água doce no nosso planeta. Todas as águas que rejeitamos depois da sua utilização para diversos fins, designadas de águas residuais, necessitam de tratamento antes de serem devolvidas ao meio ambiente. O seu tratamento é realizado numa Estação de Tratamento de Águas Residuais (ETAR) e o processo de tratamento depende das suas características. A ETAR das Termas de S. Vicente, em Penafiel, trabalha no seu limite de capacidade, apresenta uma sobrecarga hidráulica gerada por uma afluência de águas pluviais e o processamento das lamas geradas não permite uma secagem tão completa como seria desejável. Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo o estudo do funcionamento desta ETAR com a finalidade de propor soluções que o possam otimizar. As soluções propostas para otimizar o funcionamento da ETAR em estudo são: i) a substituição de grades de limpeza manual por grades de limpeza automática de forma a reduzir a necessidade da intervenção do operador ao nível da remoção e condicionamento dos gradados; ii) a construção de um desarenador arejado que além de remover areias de diâmetro superior a 0,2 mm promove também a remoção de gorduras, protegendo desta forma os equipamentos a jusante da abrasão/desgaste prematuros e reduzindo a formação de depósitos nas tubagens; iii) a construção de um tanque de equalização de forma a garantir uma distribuição mais uniforme dos caudais e da carga poluente; iv) a substituição do enchimento do leito percolador por um meio de suporte plástico que permite atingir melhores eficiências de remoção neste tratamento biológico; v) a alteração do agente de desinfeção para radiação ultravioleta, evitando a adição de produtos químicos na água residual e possível formação de subprodutos prejudiciais ao ambiente, como ocorreria no caso da cloragem; e vi) a substituição da desidratação de lamas em leitos de secagem por filtros de banda, que é um processo mais rápido, que ocupa menos espaço e permite atingir elevadas eficiências de remoção de humidade. Para cada uma das sugestões são apresentadas as correspondentes especificações técnicas e dimensionamento. As sugestões de melhoria apresentadas neste trabalho constituem uma alternativa mais económica do que a ampliação da ETAR, que genericamente corresponde à duplicação da linha de tratamento atual. Devido à menor complexidade em termos de construção, estas sugestões podem vir a ser implementadas num futuro próximo, prolongando assim um pouco mais a vida útil da ETAR atual.

Application of Infrared Thermal Imaging in a Violinist with Temporomandibular Disorder

Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) consist of a group of pathologies that affect the masticatory muscles, temporomandibular joints (TMJ), and/or related structures. String instrumentalists, like many orchestra musicians, can spend hours with head postures that may influence the biomechanical behavior of the TMJ and the muscles of the craniocervicomandibular complex (CCMC). The adoption of abnormal postures acquired during performance by musicians can lead to muscular hyperactivity of the head and cervical muscles, with the possible appearance of TMD. Medical infrared thermography is a non-invasive procedure that can monitor the changes in the superficial tissue related to blood circulation and may serve as a complement to the clinical examination. The objective of this study was to use infrared thermography to evaluate, in one subject, the cutaneous thermal changes adjacent to the CCMC that occur before, during, and after playing a string instrument.

Otimização do Funcionamento de Caldeiras Aquatubulares em Indústria de Processo Químico

O presente trabalho centrou-se na otimização do rendimento térmico de duas caldeiras aquatubulares da empresa RAR- Refinaria de Açúcar Reunidas, com a finalidade de identificar onde ocorrem perdas de energia e, desta forma, propor soluções para a sua minimização. Para tal, realizaram-se ensaios em duas caldeiras da empresa providas de queimadores mistos, ou seja podem operar com fuelóleo e gás natural, tanto individualmente, como simultaneamente, sendo que para a realização dos ensaios apenas se utilizou o fuelóleo devido ao seu menor custo. Na caldeira designada por 1 realizaram-se ensaios para os caudais de 300, 500, 800, 1000, 1200, 1400 e 1600 kg/h de fuelóleo. A gama de rendimentos térmicos obtida foi entre 88,3 e 91,2%. Na caldeira designada por 3, efetuaram-se ensaios para os caudais de fuelóleo de 300, 500, 700, 900, 1000, 1200, 1400, 1500 e 1800 kg/h e os rendimentos térmicos obtidos foram entre 85,2 e 88,0%. Em ambas as caldeiras e para caudais baixos verificou-se que a quantidade de ar introduzida no processo de combustão era superior à necessária, conduzindo a uma diminuição dos valores de rendimento térmico. Para 500 kg/h de fuelóleo, por exemplo, a quantidade de ar utilizada foi cerca de duas vezes superiores ao valor estequiométrico. Tendo em conta estes factos, foi proposto ao gestor de energia a implementação de uma nova relação de ar/combustível vs caudal de combustível no sistema de controlo das referidas caldeiras. Após alguns testes (excluindo 300 kg/h de fuelóleo devido a questões de operação), considerou-se como caudal mínimo de operação os 500 Kg/h de fuelóleo nas respetivas caldeiras 1 e 3. Verificou-se que os rendimentos térmicos aumentaram, no caso da caldeira 1, para valores entre os 90,1 e 91,3% e, na caldeira 3, para valores entre 89,0 e 90,9%. Por fim, efetuou-se uma breve análise económica com o intuito de se avaliar e quantificar o que a empresa pode poupar com esta medida. O lucro anual pode oscilar entre 14.400 e 62.640€ ou 104.400 e 136.800€, para as caldeiras 1 e 3, respetivamente.

Kitchen robot prod. line development. Proj. of Bowden cables cutting and thermal forming machine.

This document presents particular description of work done during student’s internship in PR Metal company realized as ERASMUS PROJECT at ISEP. All information including company’s description and its structure, overview of the problems and analyzed cases, all stages of projects from concept to conclusion can be found here. Description of work done during the internship is divided here into two pieces. First part concerns one activities of the company which is robotic chefs (kitchen robot) production line. Work, that was done for development of this line involved several tasks, among them: creating a single-worker montage station for screwing robots housing’s parts, improve security system for laser welding chamber, what particularly consists in designing automatically closing door system with special surface, that protects against destructive action of laser beam, test station for examination of durability of heating connectors, solving problem with rotors vibrations. Second part tells about main task, realized in second half of internship and stands a complete description of machine development and design. The machine is a part of car handle latch cable production line and its tasks are: cutting cable to required length and hot-forming plastic cover for further assembly needs.

Advanced instrumentation for superheated liquid detectors in dark matter searches

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Doutor em Engenharia Física

Femoral Approach: an Exceptional Alternative for Permanent Pacemaker Implantation

The classic transvenous implantation of a permanent pacemaker in a pectoral location may be precluded by obstruction of venous access through the superior vena cava or recent infection at the implant site. When these barriers to the procedure are bilateral and there are also contraindications or technical difficulties to performing a thoracotomy for an epicardial approach, the femoral vein, although rarely used, can be a viable alternative. We describe the case of a patient with occlusion of both subclavian veins and a high risk for mini-thoracotomy or videothoracoscopy, who underwent implantation of a permanent single-chamber pacemaker via the right femoral vein.

The MPs of the First Portuguese Republic: A prosopographic study

This paper summarises the results of the first systematic, detailed prosopographic study of the MPs – the deputados of the Lower Chamber - of the First Portuguese Republic (1910-1926). Data are presented both by legislature and for the overall period. Two kinds of background variables are explored: sociodemographic (birthplace, age, education and profession) and political (previous experience in other elite positions). Regime change in 1910 resulted in the replacement of the former political elite by homines novi. Most MPs of the Republican regime were born in small towns and communities, had carried out higher educational studies (with prevalence for law training), were mainly drawn from the professions (practising lawyers and doctors) and the Army, and were elected for the first-time at relatively young ages. Parliamentary turnover was high (two-thirds of the representatives held just one mandate) and a large proportion of MPs had a consistent connection (birth, family ties, occupation) to the constituencies to which they had been elected.

Phacoemulsification Versus Peripheral Iridotomy in the Management of Chronic Primary Angle Closure: Long-Term Follow-Up

Primary angle closure occurs as a result of crowded anterior segment anatomy, causing appositional contact between the peripheral iris and trabecular meshwork, thereby obstructing aqueous outflow. Several studies highlight the role of the crystalline lens in its pathogenesis. The objective of this work is to compare the long-term efficacy of phacoemulsification versus laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) in the management of chronic primary angle closure (CPAC). Prospective case-control study with 30 eyes of 30 patients randomly divided in two groups: 15 eyes in the LPI group and 15 eyes in the IOL group. Patients in the LPI group underwent LPI using argon and Nd:YAG laser. Patients in the IOL group underwent phacoemulsification with posterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. Examinations before and after the procedure included gonioscopy, Goldmann applanation tonometry, and anterior chamber evaluation using the Pentacam rotating Scheimpflug camera. The mean follow-up time was 31.13 ± 4.97 months. There was a statistically significant reduction in the intraocular pressure (IOP) and number of anti-glaucoma medications (p < 0.01) only in the IOL group. Anterior chamber depth, angle, and volume were all higher in the IOL group (p < 0.01) at the end of the follow-up period. Phacoemulsification with posterior chamber IOL implantation results in a higher anterior chamber depth, angle, and volume, when compared to LPI. Consequently, phacoemulsification has greater efficacy in lowering IOP and preventing its long-term increase in patients with CPAC and cataract.